公共英语三级英语教材

1、公共英语三级英语教材lesson1KipKeinoKipchogeKeinoisamodestman，andittakesproddingtogetthegreatKenyanrunnertorecallhowhefeltonOct，20，1968whenhewonhisfirstgoldmedal，inthe1,500metersinMexicoCity.Thedayhadntstartedoutwell，Keinowassufferingfromstomachpainsthatlaterturnedouttobeaseveregallbladderinfection.Hisdoctorsa

2、dvisedagainstrunning；heignoredthem.Duringtherace，KeinowassofocusedoncompetingagainstAmericanaceJimRyunthat，inretrospect，“Withoutwatchingavideo,Iwouldntknowwhathappenedatthefinish.”Hedoesrememberwhathappenednext.“Irananhonorlap.Iranittocelebrateandtoletmybodyrecover.Ifeltovercomebytheexcitement.”Itwa

3、snottheonlymemorableeventinhislifethatday.Backhome,hiswife,Phyllis,gavebirthtotheirthirddaughter,namedMilkaOlympiaChelagatincelebrationofherfathersvictory.Keinowentontowinasilvermedalinthe5,000metersinMexicoCityandagoldandasilverfouryearslaterinMunich.HethenbecameKenyasOlympicrunningcoachfrom1976to1

4、986,furtheringhisnationsdominanceindistanceevents.Kenyanrunnershavecaptured32Olympictrackmedalssince1964andwonthelastsixconsecutiveBostonMarathons.Thissummer,KeinowillbeinAtlantaaschiefofthe120-athleteKenyandelegation,whichcouldincludehissonMartin,23,aformerNCAA5,000-meterchampionatthe1,5000meters.B

5、utKeiosathleticaccomplishmentsarenottheonlyreasonheisaherointhetownofEldoretinnorthwesternKenya.Thirtyyearsago,Keinoandhiswifewhonowhavesevenchildrenoftheirownbegantakingorphansintotheirhome.TheirhousebecamesocrowdedthattheyraisedfundstobuildadormitoryandadininghallonanearbyfarmKeinoowns.Incometosup

6、portthefacilitycomesfromthefarm,hissportsshopandfeeshehasreceivedfromtheKenyangovernmentovertheyears.Today,73childrenandyoungadultsaged2to22liveonthefarm.“IthinkIhavebeenlucky,”Keinosays.“NowwhatisimportantishowIusewhatIhavetohelpothers.”Lesson1?KipKeino克普乔格凯诺是一个很谦逊的人，要使这位伟大的肯尼亚长跑运动员回想起他在1968年10月20日

7、那一天的感受不是一件很简单的事情（当日他）在墨西哥城参加1500米长跑比赛中博得了一世中的第一枚金牌。那每日未亮，凯诺忍耐着强烈的胃痛，以后证明他患了严重的胆囊炎。（基于这类特别状况）他的保健医生们都反对他参加长跑，但是他却不予理睬。在赛跑中，凯诺集中精力，倾尽全力与美国长跑好手吉木姆润恩比赛，以后他回想说，“假如没有看实况录像，我都不知道比赛的最后时刻发生了什么事情。”但他的确记得下边的事情，“为了庆贺成功并恢复体力，我荣耀地跑了一圈，喜悦得精疲力竭。”那一天，这不是独一值得他纪念的事情，回到家，老婆菲利生了一个女儿，为了纪念他的成功，就给她取名为米尔卡奥林匹克克拉哥特。接着，凯诺在墨西哥城

8、举行的5000米长跑比赛中博得一枚银牌，而四年后在慕尼黑的比赛中又博得一枚金牌和一枚银牌。1976到1986年，他成为肯尼亚奥运长跑教练，使得肯尼亚持续在长跑比赛中保持绝对的优势地位。自1964年以来，肯尼亚长跑运动员已经获取32枚奥运田径奖牌，并且在波士顿马拉松比赛中博得了六连冠。今年夏季，凯诺将以120名肯尼亚运动员代表团团长的身份去亚特兰大，代表团中包含他的儿子马丁。马丁，23岁，亚利桑那州大学的全美大学生运动会5000米前冠军，有希望在1500米长跑比赛中获胜。可是，凯诺的运动成就不是他成为肯尼亚西北方埃尔多雷特市镇英豪的独一原因。30年前，凯诺和他的老婆开始收养孤儿，此刻她已经是七个

9、孩子的母亲。他们的房屋变得这样拥堵，致使它们在凯诺自己的农场邻近集资建筑了宿舍和餐厅。保持这些设备的经费来自他的农场、体育用品商铺以及多年从肯尼亚政府获取的酬劳。今日，仍有2到22岁不一样年纪段的73个孩子和年青的成年人持续生活在农场。“我想我是好运的”，凯诺这样说道，“此刻重要的是如何用我所拥有的去帮助其余人。”Lesson2AGiftofNewLifeFirstcameaboyweighing3pounds14ounces:RobertJaredScrews.AfterRobertJaredcamehisthreesisters:BrianniaRae,3pounds1ounce;Brin

10、kleyFaye,3pounds13ounces;andBuckleyLenay,4pounds2ounces.Allweretiny,buttheywerestrong,healthybabies.Inthehallwayoutsidetheoperatingroom,friendsandrelativesweptandcheeredasthequadwheeledthemby,onebyone,intheirincubators.Thebabiesstayedinthehospitalaboutamonth.Keithwenttheretoo,formorechemotherapy,and

11、thenursestookoneortwobabiesatatimetohisroomforavisit.Thatseemedtohelphimmorethanthemedication.Thencameawonderfulsurprise.Whenwewerereadytogohome,welearnedthataphysiciansfundhadprovidedabrand-newvanforus,completewithfourinfantcarseats.Keithwaswaitingforusathone,frailmowandinconstantpain,butalsoveryha

12、ppy.ThewholecommunityofSwainsboroandsurroundingtownsunitedintryingtohelpus.Countlesswomenofferedtobaby-sit.MembersofKeithshighschoolclassprepareddinnersforustwiceaweek.Allsortsoffund-raisingeventswereorganized.AKrogerstoreonWilmingtonIslandnearSavannahdonatedayearssupplyofdiapersandotherbabyneeds.Th

13、athelped,becausethequadsrequired40to50diapersaday!AmannamedRickyStevenscametomeasureourfarmhouseforcentralair-conditioning,butwentawayconcernedthatthehousewastoosmallforsixpeople.Thatnighthecouldnotsleep.Heconsultedafriendinrealestate,KenWarnock,andthetwooftheminvitedagroupofSwainsborobusinessmentol

14、unch.BythetimeLunchwasover,theyhadenoughpledgestobeginbuildinganewhouse.Therewasasiteonourlandwithaviewofthepastureandgrazingcattle.Ournewhousewouldbebuiltthere,aspacioushomewithfivebedrooms-amasterbedroomandoneforeachofthequads.AsspringcametoGeorgia,Keithshealthcontinuedtodecline.Still,hetookgreatd

15、elightinhisfourbabies.Inthemorningshewouldholdthemandplaywiththemandhelpfeedthem.Hegottobegoodathandlingtwobottlesatatime.Beforewelefthomeforachemo-treatmentordoctorsappointmentKeithwouldspendtimealonewitheachbaby.Laterinthespringanotheroperationwasnecessary,andcomplicationsfollowed.Itbecamedifficul

16、tforKeithtotalkorbreathe,andatlastconsciousness.Hisfinalwordstomewere,“Iloveyou.”Thedoctorsputhimonarespirator,buttheysaiditwasonlyasmatterofhours.Isatbesidehimholdinghishandandwhispering,“Beatpeace.Beatpeace.”Andfinally,onJune11,peacedidcome.Hewas32yearsold.Lifewenton.Groundwasbrokenforthenewhouseo

17、nablue-and-golddayinDecember.Thequadswereoldenoughtostand,andeachwasoldenoughtostand,andeachwasgivenalittlegildedshoveltomarktheoccasion.Manyfriendsandneighborswerethere,andthemayorofSwainsboroputourfeelingsintowords:“Wehopethatwhenthesebabiesaregrown,theywilllookatthishouseandunderstandhowmuchtheir

18、fatherwasrespectedandadmiredbyeveryonewhoknewhim.”Ihavegonebacktoteaching.DevotedfriendsandrelativesandfullyqualifiedhelperstakegoodcareofthequadswhileIamaway.WithoutKeithsillnessweneverwouldhaverecognizedtheamazinggoodnessthatliesinpeople.Theoutpouringofloveandcompassionandcaringthathassurroundedus

19、isalmostbeyondbelief.Onelifewastakenawayfromme,butfourotherlivesweregiventometosustainandtocomfortme.FacingdeathwithKeithmademerealizehowpreciouslifeis.Icherishitandamgratefulforiteverysingleday.lesson3TheCauseoftheElNinoPhenomenonElNinoistheSpanishnameforthebabyJesus.Thephenomenonisso-calledbecause

20、warmwatermovingacrossthePacifictraditionallyreachesSouthAmericaaroundChristmas.ScientistshavenowappliedthetermElNinotothemajorwarmingepisodesoverlargeSouthAmericancoastalareasandwesternlyalongtheequatorandtheDatelinearea.ScientistsnotedtheElNinohasareturnperiodoffourtofiveyearsandlastsbetween1218mon

21、ths.Inthelate1960s,itbecameapparentthattheyear-to-yearvariationsintheseasurfacetemperatureandconsequentlyElNinoevents,werecloselylinkedtotheSouthernOscillation,arelationshipbetweenatmosphericpressureoverthesoutheasternPacificandIndianOcean.WhenpressureishighinthePacificOcean,ittendstobelowintheIndia

22、nOceanfromAfricatoAustralia.Theseconditionsareassociatedwithlowtemperaturesinboththeseareasandrainfallvariesinthedirectionoppositethepressure.Thus,thecombinationofElNinoandSouthernOscillation（ENSO）isthelinkageatmosphericandoceaniceventsandinvolveschangesincirculationsoftheatmosphereandoceansacrossth

23、ePacificBasin.ThestrongestElNinothiscenturyoccurredin19821983andresultedindroughtsanddisastrousforestfiresinIndonesiaandAustralia,wreakingeconomicdamageofatleastUS$8billion.AmajorwarmingoftheoceanwatersacrosstheeasternandcentraltropicalPacificOcean,knownasENSO,hasdevelopedsinceMarch1997.TheElNinodev

24、elopedveryrapidlyduringAprilstrongintensitybyJune.ThiseventiscurrentlycomparableinmagnitudeandextenttotheMay,andreached1982/1983episode.lesson4OurChangingDietWhatdomostAmericansandCanadiansusuallyeat?ManypeoplethinkthatthetypicalNorthAmericandietconsistsoffastfood-hamburgers,hotdogs,Frenchfries,pizz

25、a,friedchicken,andsoon.TheythinkAmericansandCanadiansalsoeatalotofconveniencefoods,usuallyfrozenorcaned,andjunkfood-candy,cookies,potatochips,andotherthingswithoutmuchnutritionalvalue.Unfortunately,thisdescriptionismottotallyinaccurate.TheAmericandietisgenerallyhighinsugar,salt,fat,andcholesterol,an

26、dthesesubstancescancausehealthproblems.However,somepeopleseatinghabitsarechanging.Theyarebecomingmoreinterestedingoodhealth,andnutritionisanimportantpartofhealth.NorthAmericansareeatinglessredmeatandfewereggs,andtheyareeatingmorechickenandfish.Chickenandfishcontainlessfatthanmeatandeggs.Manypeoplear

27、ealsobuyingmorefreshvegetablesandeatingthemraworcookedquicklyinverylittlewaterinordertokeepthevitamins.Restaurantmenusarealsochangingtoreflectpeoplesgrowingconcernwithgoodnutrition.The“typical”NorthAmericandietnowincludesfoodfrommanydifferentcountries.MoreethnicrestaurantsareopeninginbigcitiesintheU

28、nitedStatesandCanada.FoodsfromChina,Japan,Korea,Thailand,IndiaandtheMiddleEastareverypopular.Evenfast-foodplacesnowoffer“lean”（low-fat）hamburgers,broiledorroasted（insteadoffried）chicken,andsaladbarswithawidevarietyoffreshfruitsandvegetables.Howarewegoingtoeatinthefuture?Becausewenowknowabouttheimpor

29、tanceofnutrition,wewillprobablycontinuetoeatmorefishandvegetablesandlessmeat.Wewillstillbuyconveniencefoodsinsupermarkets,butfrozenfoodsmaybemorenutritiousandcannedfoodsmayhavelesssaltandsugar.Ourjunkfoodwillnotbe“junk”atallbecauseinsteadofcandybarswewilleat“nutritionbars”withalotofvitaminsandprotei

30、n.Inthefuture,ourdietwillprobablybeevenmoreinterestingandhealthfulthanitisnow.IntheUnitedStatesandCanada,foodisaverycommontopicofconversation.Peoplearealwaysdiscussingnewdishes,restaurants,dietplans,andideasaboutnutrition.Theargumentsaboutthebestdietsandfoodswillcontinue:Arevegetablesbetterthanadiet

31、ofcookedfoods?Isalittlealcoholgoodforrelaxation,orisallalcoholharmful?Issomecaffeinegoodforenergy,oriscaffeinealwaysbad?Canyellowvegetablesreallypreventcancer?Willeatinggarlichelpavoidheartattacks?Onethingwedoknowforsure:thekeytogoodnutitionisbalance.Howdoweachievethatbalance?Wecanchoosefoodsfromava

32、rietyofsources,controlthequantitiesthatweeat,limitfats,andexercise.lesson5IDidIt“Ididit.”Thisiswhatnewly-crownedOlympicgymnasticschampionLiXiaoshuangwantedtosaymostafterhisvictoryhereonSundaynightatthe25thOlympicGames.Liscored9.925pointsbysuccessfullycompletinghissomersaulttuck,becomingthefirstmaleg

33、ymnastevertoexecutethismaneuverintheoptionalapparatusfinals.Theprogramwasextremelydifficult.Failurecouldhavebeenmetbyhisheadslammingthemat.FormerSovietValeryLiukinhadoncedonethistuckintheteamcompetition.“allthegymnastsbeforemehadprettyhighscoresandthiswastheonlywayoutforme,”saidLi.“IknewIcouldendupe

34、itherfirstorlast.”Lialsowonabronzeintheringswitha9.862.GrigoriMisutinoftheUnifiedTeamscored9.875pointstosharesecondplacewithJapaneseYukioIketani.Rightafterhissafelanding,LirushedtohiscoachandformerworldparallelbarschampionHuangYubing.Thetwobrokeintotearsandembracedeachotherafterthefinalgymnast,Vital

35、iScherbooftheUnifiedTeam,failedtosurpassLi.LisgoldwasChinasfirstinthefloorexercisessince1984,whenLiNingwonattheLosAngelesOlympicGames.Untilthe1987WorldChampionshipsinAmsterdamwhereLouYunwonthefloorexercise,theeventwasdominatedbytheformerSovietUniongymnasts.“Thoughthefloorishisspecialty,Listillperfor

36、medabovehisnormallevel,”saidcoachHuang,whoshedfromtheawardceremonyandwatcheditonTVatthebackofthegymnasium.“Itsnotaneasyjob,”Lisaid.“Itstheresultofmyhardtraining.AndthatthreebackwardsomersaultswasthefirstrimethatIhavedoneitsuccessfully.”“IwanttothankmyparentsandespeciallymycoachHuangwhocontributedgre

37、atlytomysuccess.”Lijoinedthenationalteamattheendof1989andhishighestinternationalachievementwasfirstplaceinthefloorexercisesoftheBeijingAsianGames.AtlastyearsIndianapolisWorldChampionships,hewasthebestnon-Sovietgymnastintheall-aroundcompetition,placingfourth,thoughhefailedtoscorehigherthan9.75pointsi

38、nanyapparatus.Hewasonlysixthinthefloorcompetition.Hewasstillsolittle-knownthatevenwithhisWorldChampionshipachievementhereattheOlympics,computerstatisticserroneouslylistedhimashavingdonebadlycompetingintwowomensevents,theunevenbarsandthebalancebeam.LisaidhelearnedalothereinBarcelona,bothingymnasticsa

39、ndmanhood.Hesaidintheteamall-aroundcompetition,herepeatedlygotlowscores,anddidnotgettheamountofpointsheshouldgetforthedegreeofdifficultyandexecutionofroutines.Buthekeptthecomplaintstohimself.Yethisexecutioninthefloorfinalwassoperfectthatnobodydoubtedhewasthegoldmedalwinner.The18-year-oldHesaidtohims

40、elffromHubeiProvincesaidthathisregularthreetimes,“Startandleap,acceleratetrainingandland,wasnotonlytechnicalbutalsomental.”whichhesaidwascrucialinwinning.Lialsotookpartinthe1990SeattleGoodwillGamesandfinishedsecondinthefloorexercises,andisnowregardedastheChineseteamsbestall-aroundgymnast,especiallya

41、fterformerbestLiNingmissedbothinthepommelhorseandhighbarfinalsSundaynight.lesson6OurChangingLifestyles:TrendsandFadsThesedaysurbanlifestylesseemtochangeveryfast.Itismorethanjustclothingandhairstylesthatareinstyleoneyearandoutofdatethenext;itsawholewayofliving.Oneyearpeoplewearsunglassesontopoftheirh

42、eadsandwearjeansandboots;theydrinkwhitewineandeatsushiatJapaneserestaurants;forexercisetheyjogseveralmilesaday.However,thenextyeareverythinghaschanged.Womenwearlongskirts;peopledrinkexpensivewaterfromFranceandeatpastaatltalianrestaurants;everyoneseemstobeexercisingathealthclubs.Then,suddenly,ithasch

43、angedagain.Peoplewearonlynaturalfabric（safefortheenvironment）;theydrinkgourmetcoffeeandeatThaifood;forbothleisureandexercise,theygorollerblading.Almostnothinginmodernlifeescapestheinfluenceoffashion;food,music,exercise,book,slangwords,movies,furniture,placestovisit,evennamesgoinandoutoffashion.Foraw

44、hile,itseemsthatallmewparentsarenamingtheirbabiesHeather,Dawn,Eric,orAdam.Thesenamesare“in.”then,suddenly,thesenamesare“out,”andTiffanyandJasonare“in.”Itsalmostimpossibletowriteaboutspecificfadsbecausetheseintereststhatpeopleenthusiasticallyfollowcanchangeveryquickly.IntheUnitedStates,evenpeoplecanb

45、e“in”or“out.”Likepeopleinanycountry,Americansenjoyfollowingthelivesofcelebrities:moviestars,sportsheroes,famousartists,politicians,andthelike.ButAmericansalsopayalotofattentiontopeoplewhohavenospecialabilityandhavedonenothingveryspecial.In1981,forexample,anunknownelderlywomanappearedinaTVcommerciali

46、nwhichshelookedatavarysmallhamburgerandcomplainedloudly,“Wheresthebeef?”Thesethreewordsmadeherfamous.SuddenlysheappearedinmagazinesandnewspapersandonTVshows.Shewasimmediatelypopular.Shewas“in.”In1987,anexterminatorinDallas,Texas,decidedthathewouldbeveryhappyifhecouldfindmorecustomersforhissmallbusin

47、ess;heneededmorepeopletopayhimtokilltheinsectsandratsintheirhouses.HeputanunusualadvertisementinaDallasnewspaper.Heofferedtopay$1,000tothe?personwhocouldfindthebiggestcockroach.Thisstrangeoffermadehimsuddenlyfamous.Therewerestoriesabouthimnationwide-fromNewYorktoCalifornia.Hewas“in.”However,thiskind

48、offamedoesnotlastlong.Suchpeoplearefamousforaveryshorttime.Thisistheessence,thecentral,quality,ofafad.Itdoesntlastlong.Somefadsdisappearbeforewehaveallevenheardofthem.HowmanypeoplerememberGreenpeaceswimsuits?Theychangedcolortoindicatepollutedwater.Andthentherewasoneloaf.Itwasmadewhileclassicalthat“b

49、readdoesntlikerockmusic.“BeethovenBread.”PopularinJapanin1994,itwasexpensive-$20formusicplayedinthekitchen.Thewomanwhocreatedthisbreademphasized”Apersonwhoparticipatesinfadsshouldrememberthattheycomeandgoveryfast,andtheyoftencomebackinstyleafter10to15yearsofbeing“out.”Itmightbeagoodideanevertothrowa

50、nythingaway.MickeyMousewatchesandNehruJacketsmaysoonbe“in”again!lesson7CompulsiveSpendersAreyouacompulsivespender,ordoyouholdontoyourmoneyaslongaspossible?Areyouabargainhunter?Wouldyouratherusechargeaccountsthanpaycash?Youranswertothosequestionswillreflectyourpersonality.Accordingtopsychologists,our

51、individualmoneyhabitsnotonlyshowourbeliefsandvalues,butcanalsodevelopfrompastproblems.Expertsinpsychologybelievethatformanypeople,moneyisanimportantsymbolofstrengthandinfluence.Husbandswhocomplainabouttheirwivesspendinghabitsmaybeafraidthattheyareloosingpowerintheirmarriage.Wives,ontheotherhand,mayw

52、astehugeamountsofmoneybecausetheyareangrywiththeirhusbands.Inaddition,manypeopleconsidermoneyasymboloflove.Theyspenditon?theirfamiliesandfriendstoexpresslove,ortheybuythemselvesexpensivepresentsbecausetheyneedlove.Peoplecanbeaddictedtodifferentthings,forexample,alcohol,drugs,certainfoods,oreventelev

53、ision.Theyarecompulsiveintheiraddictions,thatis,theymustasatisfytheseneedstofeelcomfortable.Inthesameway,accordingtopsychologists,compulsivespendersmustspendmoremoney.Forthosewhobuyoncredit,furthermore,chargeaccountsareevenmoreexcitingthanmoney:inotherwords,thesepeoplefeelthatwithcredittheycandoanyt

54、hing.Theirpleasureatspendingenormousamountsisactuallygreaterthanthepleasuretheygetfromthethingstheybuy.Thereisevenaspecialpsychologyofbargainhunting.Tosavemoney,ofcourse,mostpeoplelookforsales,lowprices,anddiscounts.Compulsivebargainhunters,however,oftenbuythingsthattheydontneedjustbecausetheyareche

55、ap.Theywanttobelievethattheyarehelpingtheirbudget,buttheyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame:whentheycanbuysomethingforlessthanotherpeople,theyarewinning.Itisnotonlyscientists,ofcourse,whounderstandthepsychologyofspendinghabits,butalsobusinesspeople.Stores,companies,andadvertisersusepsychologytoincreaseb

56、usiness.Theyconsiderpeoplesneedforlove,powerorinfluence,aswellastheirvalues,beliefsandopinions,intheiradvertisingandsalesmethods.Psychologistsoftenuseamethodcalled“behaviortherapy”tohelpindividualssolvetheirpersonalityproblems.Inthesameway,theycanhelppeoplewhofeelthattheyhaveproblemswithmoney.Theygi

57、vethem“assignments.”Ifapersonbuyssomethingineverystorethatheenters,forinstance,atherapistmightteachhimself-disciplineinthisway.Onthefirstofhistherapy,hemustgointoastore,forfiveminutes,andthenleave.Onthesecondday,heshouldstayfortenminutesandtrysomethingon.Onthethirddayhestaysforfifteenminutes,asksthe

58、salesclerkaquestion,butdoesnotbuyanything.Soonhewilllearnthatnothingbadwillhappentohimifhedoesnsbuyanything,andhecansolvetheproblemofhiscompulsivebuying.lesson8StoriesofChristmasInmanycountriesoftheworld,ThecelebrationofChristmasonDecember25thisahighpointoftheyear.FromNovemberonward,itisimpossibleto

59、forgetthatChristmasiscoming.Coloredlightsdecoratemanytowncentersandshops,alongwithshimmydecorationsandartificialsnowpaintedonshopwindows.Instreetsandshops,“Christmastrees”（realorplasticevergreenconifertrees）willalsobedecoratedwithlightsandChristmasornaments.ShoppingcentersbecomebusierasDecemberappro

60、achesandoftenstayopentilllate.Bymid-December,mosthomeswillalsobedecoratedwithChristmastrees,coloredlightsandpaperorplasticdecorationsaroundtherooms.Thesedaysmanymorepeoplealsodecorategardentreesorhousewallswithcoloredelectriclights,ahabit,whichhasbeenlongpopularinUSA.Inmanycountries,mostpeoplepostCh