国际大公司的安全管理起重吊装安全知识课件

1、Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging / Level 1 起重吊装安全知识 / 初级Purpose 培训目的 Understand Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 了解起重吊装作业的基本知识Understand Hazard Types and Causes of Lifting & Rigging Work 了解起重吊装作业的危害种类及成因Understand and Follow Site Control SOP-Lifting 了解并遵守施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程Reduce Lifting & Rigging RiskI

2、mprove Lifting & Rigging safety situation 减少吊装起重作业风险，改进吊装起重作业安全状态Training Content 培训内容Site control of SOP-Lifting施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程Summary and Discussion 总结与讨论Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装安全知识Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装作业的基本知识1、Lifting machine 起重机械2、Slings 索具3、Signals 起重信号4、L&R Staff

3、& Responsibilities 起重作业人员及其职责Lifting machine 起重机械. Definition of LM 起重机械的定义 Lifting machine refers to special equipment for elevation and moving objects/materials by hooks or other hangers,riggings. 起重机是通过吊钩或其他吊具起升、搬运物料的特种机械设备. Types of LM 起重机械的种类Crane 起重机(Tower Crane塔式起重机）Others 其他起重设备（Lifting jack

4、, chain hoist千斤顶、手动葫芦） Lifting Machine起重机械 Lifting 升降机、卷扬机Lifting machine inspection 起重机械的检测What to Inspect需要检测什么Annual Inspection of the hoisting machinery must be performed by an authorized institute起重机械的检测必须由有资质的机构进行The person in charge must maintain a record of these inspections负责人必须对这些检测进行记录Ann

5、ual Inspection 年检Crane wasnt inspectedand tipped over吊车没有进行检测，并且已经倾倒Who will be in charge of inspection 谁将负责起重机械的检测Rigger/Crane Operator 起重工/吊车司机The rigger must inspect all machinery and equipment prior to start-up and during use, to make sure that it is in safe work condition. 起重工必须在使用前检查所有的机器和设备，并

6、且在使用过程中确保各个操作条件的安全If crane needs fixing, it will be taken out of service until reparation completion.如果需要维修，则不再使用此机器直至维修完毕BrokenTrack破损的履带Self-elevated Crane Tower 自升塔式起重机Normally the first anchorage fixing should be 25 meter above ground distance, not be allowed to exceed 50 meters, then every 16 t

7、o 20 meters needs to fix anchor once.第一道锚固装置距地面一般为25米，最大不超过50米。以后每1620米锚固一道。The deviation of tower verticality should be less than 2%塔的垂直度偏差不大于2%。Frequent check should be performed on fixing situation of anchorage fixing apparatus 经常检查锚固装置的牢固程度。 Safety devices 安全装置： Operation protective devices: loa

8、d limit, moment limit, lead limit switch, etc. 操作保护装置：载重限制器，力矩限制器，行程限位等。 Electric protective devices: zero protection, maximum relay, emergency switch, fuse cutout switch, etc. 电器保护装置：零位保护，过电流继电器，紧急开关，熔断保护等。Safe Operation Procedure for Tower Crane Lifting(SOP-Lifting) 塔式起重机的安全操作规程It is obliged that

9、tower crane operator must hold the certificate at hand which issued by the National Ministry of Labor. 塔式起重机司机必须持有经国家劳动部门考核合格并颁发的上岗证，执证上岗；Newly assembled or repaired crane must perform trial-run test and be inspected & qualified by authority bureau then can be put into operation. 新安装和经修复的起重机，必须进行试运转

10、，经有关权威部门确认合格后方可使用；Requirement prior to crane operation: 操作前检查要求： Check the transmission parts, decelerator, and ensure the oil is enough; check the bolts of every part are properly fastened. 检查各传动部分、减速器、油量是否充足，各部分螺栓是否紧固； After control switch is closed, check the outside cover of electric appliance a

11、nd manipulator to ensure in safe condition. 在总开关闭合后，用试电笔检查电器及控制器外壳，确认安全； Inspect the wear status of wire sling. 检查钢丝绳的磨损情况； Prior to crane operation, complete inspection needs to be carried out to make sure that manipulator, transmission part and brake gear are in good condition. 工作开始前，做一次全面检查，检查各控制

12、器及传动装置、制动装置的可靠性。Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装作业的基本知识Slings 索 具Knowledge of Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装作业的基本知识 Wire rope 钢丝绳Nylon rope 尼龙绳(化纤)Coir rope 棕绳Clasp 卡环Rope lock 绳卡Elasticity conditioner 松紧器Ropes 绳(带)Fixture卡具Hook 吊钩Slings索具Slings 索具Nylon rope 尼龙绳(化纤)Clasp 卡环Rope Cappel 绳卡Hook 吊钩Slings Leg

13、end 索具图例Wire rope 钢丝绳Wire Rope 钢丝绳Fixed ropes have more than two broken wires in one lay in areas beyond end connections or more than one broken wire at one end connection。固定钢丝绳的一捻,在远离末端连接处的地方有两条以上断掉的金属丝,或者在末端连接处有一条以上断掉的金属丝;Running ropes have six randomly distributed broken wires in one lay or three

14、 broken wires in one strand in one lay。转动钢丝绳的一捻中有六处任意分布的断掉的金属丝或者在其一股中有三条断的金属丝;Wear of one-third of the original diameter of the outside individual wires caused by abrasion, scrubbing, flattening, or peening ; 独立的钢丝绳外表由于磨损,擦洗,压扁或者锤击等原因磨损了它原来直径的1/3;Kinking, crushing, birdcaging, or any other damage re

15、sulting in distortion of the rope structure; 扭结,破碎,笼形畸变或是其他的损坏而导致钢丝绳结构的变形;Evidence of heat damage by any causes. 由任何原因引起的热破坏现象。Wire rope should be replaced in several circumstances, including, but not limited to:钢丝绳在以下情况下必须更换，但不仅限于Wire Rope Usage Regulations 钢丝绳使用规定Certificate 证书 All wire ropes must

16、 passed the test of LF assigned authority Institute with issued certificate prior to usage; 所有的钢丝绳在使用前必须通过拉法基指定权威认证检测机构的测试并有签发的证书.Tag 吊签 Any tags used in wire rope should include two aspects of information, sling reference No. & safe working load. 钢丝绳所用的吊签应包括两个信息: 钢丝绳编号及安全工作负荷Only Wire rope meeting

17、the following requirements can be used at site :钢绳只有满足下面的要求,方能在现场使用: Introduction of Steel Sling Splicing 钢丝绳插接的介绍Requirement and specifications for sling splicing 插接的要求与规定 At least five times are required for each strand of wire rope when splicing. Loop should have minimum 15mm of lap butt at the e

18、nd, in order to restrain from retraction when sling pulls. 钢丝绳每股插接的次数不能低于五次。插接尾部要留15MM的“毛头”， 以备吊索受拉后回缩。 Principle of Wire Rope Lashing 捆绑原则 Find out the load gravity center; 找到被吊装物体的重心Slings used must meet load requirement;所用的索具必须满足被吊装重物的要求Ensure stability of L&R operation; 保证吊装的平稳Proper lashing met

19、hod 正确的绑扎方式General Knowledge of Wire Rope Lashing 捆绑钢丝绳常识Methods of Lashing 绑扎方式Example of Tight Lashing Method稳固的绑扎General Knowledge of Wire Rope Lashing 捆绑钢丝绳常识Correct 对Wrong 错Fixture卡具CORRECT 正确 Saddle 鞍U-Bolt U型螺栓Installed properly as to number, direction, spacing and torque.数量、方向、间距和扭矩都要以正确的方式安

20、装Installing Wire Rope Clips 绳卡的安装Proper installation method of “Safe bent” 安装钢丝绳夹放“安全弯”方法 General Knowledge of Guide-rope Application 溜绳使用常识It is necessary to use guide-rope during L&R operation.吊装时设置溜绳是非常必要的。Functions:Ensure the load stability; prevent load from swinging; increase dynamic load. 作用：

21、保证被吊物品的稳定性，防止被吊装物体的摆动，增加动载荷。The length of guide-rope is determined by the load height.溜绳的长度视吊装的高度而定。Note: it is not allowed to pull load slantly.注意：不允许用溜绳斜拉被吊装物品。Fixture卡具Manufacturers specification. 根据厂家规格Never weld on hooks.不允许在吊钩上焊接Work with safety latch. 吊装使用安全插销Hooks are designed to apply the l

22、oad at the bottom of the saddle. 吊钩的载荷受力于鞍部底端LOADHooks 吊钩Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装作业的基本安全知识 Staff and Responsibilities起重作业人员及其职责Staff and Responsibilities 起重作业人员及其职责 Crane operator 起重机司机 Signal man 信号员 Rigger 起重工 L&R supervisor 吊装监督员Signal Man 信号员Check with the rigger to ensure load i

23、s proper equipped before giving the signals. 在发出信号前和起重工确认，保证吊装物体装配得当。Give the clear and correct signals to crane operator 向起重机司机发出准确而清晰的信号。Staff and responsibilities 起重作业人员及其职责Rigger 起重工Inspect & guarantee that lifting devices are correctly chosen and used;检查保证使用正确的起重器具。Check the rope knot-tying met

24、hod as well as sling angle to avoid sling over-load. 检查绳结方法/吊索角度，避免出现绳索的过载.Ensure load stability. When object is 200-500mm above ground level, remain at that position for three to five minutes. Only after ensure object is stable enough then continue to proceed. 保证吊装物体的稳定性。当吊物吊起距地面200mm-500mm停止3到5分钟，

25、确保物体稳定后再继续吊装.Prevent lifted loose material from falling down and make sure spare parts/components are at same length. 防止吊起的松散材料落下；保证散件吊装物的长短一致。Adopt correct wire rope lashing method. It is required that there are at least two suspension points for spare parts/components L&R.采用正确的捆绑方式,散件吊点不能少于2点。Adop

26、t proper lashing methods to avoid damage of wire rope knot during L&R. 在吊装过程中采用合适的方法避免绳结损坏。Use guide-line according to L&R object height to lessen swing of objects. 根据吊装物体的高度使用溜绳,避免物体的摆动。Staff and Responsibility 起重作业人员及其职责L&R Supervisor 吊装监督员Supervise and guarantee the L&R operation is carried out b

27、y the approved MS. 监督并确保吊装作业按照审核批准的吊装方案实施.Make sure that crane operator is competent with training certificate. 保证让培训过且持有合格证书的的司机操作起重机。Make sure that rigger and signal man are competent. 保证让有资质的起重工和信号员进行吊装工作。Direct crane operator, rigger and signal man to take their own reponsibilities. 在安全吊装过程中指挥起重

28、机司机、起重工和信号员各负其责。Adopt proper measures to avoid hazards once unsafe situation need to be reported. 一旦有不安全的情况报告，他应采取适当的措施。Ensure all the L&R safely operated. 保证所有吊装操作都安全的执行Staff and Responsibility 起重作业人员及其职责Distribution of Weight and Gravity Center as well Sling Connection 吊装物体重量、重心的分配及吊索连接Know the We

29、ight of the Load了解装载的重量Use shipping ticket or other documentation as reference. 参照货运单和其他文件中的数据Ensure lift calculations are correct 确保提升数据计算正确Make sure that load is within load rated capacity for boom length and load radius of crane. 确保荷载量是在悬臂长度和荷载半径额定量之内Crane is rated by the maximum weight it will l

30、ift at a minimum radius and minimum boom length the further from its centerpoint, the less it will lift. 吊车是以最大重量制定的额定量，它将以最小的半径和最小的悬臂长度进行升降-距中心越远，提升的重量越小Sling Angles吊角Sling Leg(s)吊绳Horizontal Angle水平夹角Horizontal Plane水平面LOAD Basic knowledge of Lifting SWL 吊装安全工作负荷计算的基本知识How Horizontal Angle Affects

31、 Sling Capacity 1000 LBS1000 LBS1000 LBS1000 LBS500 LBS500 LBS577 LBS577 LBS707 LBS707 LBS1000 LBS1000 LBS90604530 Basic knowledge of Lifting SWL 吊装安全工作负荷计算的基本知识Sling Angle Factor 吊角公式Where:L = Length of the sling. 绳索长度H = Height of the connection point from the horizontal plane of the load.连接点到水平吊物

32、的距离LHSling Angle Factor = L/H Basic knowledge of Lifting SWL 吊装安全工作负荷计算的基本知识Traveling with a Load 行进装载Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装安全知识Understand Hazard Types and Causes of Lifting & Rigging Work 了解起重吊装作业的危害种类及成因Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装安全知识Understand Hazard Types and Cause

33、s of L & R 了解起重吊装作业的危害种类及成因Types of Hazards 危害种类Overturns 倾覆Falls 坠落Electrocution 触电Compress 挤(压)Struck-down 物体击打Fire 火灾Other hazards 其它伤害Hazards Types and Causes of L&R Work 起重吊装作业的危害种类及成因How Do Accidents Occur?事故是如何发生的？Instability unsecured load, load capacity exceeded, or ground not even or too s

34、oft 不稳定性 - 装载不稳定、超载、或者是地面不达标或是土质过软Lack of communication - the point of operation is too far from the crane operator or not in full view of the operator; 缺乏沟通 - 操作点距吊车司机过远或是不能完全控制在司机的视野内Lack of training 缺乏培训Inadequate maintenance or inspection 维护不足或检查不当Site Control of SOP-Lifting施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程Knowled

35、ge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装安全知识 Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程Risk assessment风险评估Crane Inspection Check List吊车进场检验L&R MS Approval 吊装方案审批Issuance of PTW签发吊装作业许可证Supervision at site 吊装过程安全监督Inspection after work finish 吊装结束检验Site Inspection before start-up 施工前现场检验Categories and Requi

36、rements of site L&R operation 现场吊装种类的范畴及相应要求 1, Normal lift 常规吊装作业 Executed as per SOP-Lifting, only with necessary records or paperwork accroding to site requirement ; 按照吊装SOP（吊装操作流程）进行，只需要按照现场要求，做必要的记录或纸质文件； Normal lifts can only be performed by the dedicated operation team. In absence of signal m

37、an, rigger can perform his duty. 常规吊装作业必须由指定的吊装小组进行。在信号员不在场的情况下，起重工可行使信号员的功能.2, Hazardous lift 危险性吊装Under the following situations, lifts are regarded as hazardous lifts 在下述情形下，视为危险性吊装More than 30 tons, 30吨80% of crane capacity at proposed operation radius 在规定操作半径下，被吊物重量达吊车负荷的80%Double lifts 使用两台吊车抬

38、吊设备Equipment need to be assembled at site prior to L&R operation 需要进行现场组对的设备吊装Categories and Requirements of site L&R operation 现场吊装种类的范畴及相应要求Requirements 要求: Full written Lifting Plan( including MS & Risk Assessment) approved by LF Safe Lifting Supervisor 拉法基吊装安全工程师审批的全套书面吊装计划, 包括施工方案及风险评估 Norminat

39、ed team dedicated to that particular lift (number and tasks as per MS) 指定的吊装队伍负责某项特定的吊装作业(数量及任务根据施工方案内容) Record of pre-inspection / toolbox meeting / lifting operation record 吊装前检查记录 / 班前会 / 吊装工作记录3, Large-scale lifts (more than 40 tons) 大型吊装(重量大于40吨) Requirements 要求: Need documents mentioned in the

40、 second category in addition to special PTW for large-scale lifts. 上述2.中的所有条件, 以及大型吊装作业许可证PTW Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程Risk Assessment风险评估表Risk Assessment - L & R风险评估表 Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程Crane Inspection Check List吊车进场检验 Crane Approach Inspection Check List吊 车

41、 进 场 检 查 清 单 Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程Contractor submit L&R MS承包商提报吊装方案Submission提交Review and Approval of L&R Method Statement(MS) 吊装方案审核Lafarge L&R Supervisor Review & Approve MS拉法基吊装安全工程师审核吊装方案 Failed 未通过Site Preparation 进行现场吊装作业准备Pass 通 过L&R MS Review Content 吊装方案审核内容MS is compil

42、ed as per valid version of standards, codes, regulations, etc.吊装方案引用的标准规范、规程等必须是有效版本Key technical parameters 吊装工艺参数Checking calculation of the strength and stability of the rigging, lifting lug and compensating beams etc.吊装用索具、吊耳、平衡梁等的强度及稳定性的验算Checking calculation of the strength and stability of pa

43、rtial lift 吊物(局部)吊装强度及稳定性验算Selection of main equipments/machinery 主要设备(机具)的选用Lifting layout plan (Warning area should not be less than proposed operation radius) 吊装平面布置图 (警戒区域不得小于吊装的工作半径)Labor 劳动力组织Organization chart 组织机构 Safety technical measurement 安全技术措施Identify and evaluate hazards, risk assessm

44、ent and safety prediction scheme. 主要危险源的识别与风险评估、安全预案 Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程 Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程Self-check AndCross inspection承包商吊前自检、互检合格Submission提交Site inspection before lift start-up 施工前现场检验Lafarge L&R Supervisor confirmation before start-up拉法基吊装安全工程师进行吊

45、装前的安全确认Failed 未通过Release PTWforL & R颁发吊装作业许可证Pass 通 过 Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程Site Inspection before lifting & Rigging 施工前现场检验 Check List prior to Crane Operation起 重 吊 装 前 安 全 检 查 表 PTW for Lifting & Rigging吊 装 作 业 许 可 证 Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程 Supervision during

46、 L&R 吊装过程监督管理Crane operator is at where he should be ; 从事吊装作业人员应在规定的工作位置上。Machinery and sling should be in good condition ; 机械设备、索具应处于完好状态。Avoid “striking” during the course and maintain the stability of lifting object ; 吊装过程应消除“冲击”现象，吊升过程吊物应保持平稳Protection facilities and warning signs are complete;

47、吊装过程中防护(保护)设施、警示标志齐全完备。Environmental situation meets the requirement of L&R ; 环境因素应满足吊装要求。The distance between the lifting and boom, surroundings shall be200mm and the inclination angle of hook 3in case of ratation of object. 在吊物旋转过程中, 吊物与吊臂、吊物与周围设施距离200mm，吊钩偏角3。Round-off work after L&R 吊装工作结束管理Remo

48、ve the protective facilities and carry to the specified location ; 吊装人员应按规定拆除(移走)防护设施(设备)，并堆放在指定位置Removal or restoration of the L&R machinery and equipment as requested ; 吊装人员应按规定恢复、移开(拆除)吊装用机械及设备Clear up the rigging, underbed and other material and make site clean ; 及时整理吊装用索具、垫物、清理施工现场Take back PTW

49、 for L & R . 交回吊装工作许可证 Site Control of SOP-Lifting 施工现场安全起重吊装控制流程Summary and Discussion 总结与讨论Knowledge of Safe Lifting & Rigging 起重吊装安全知识Case Analysis 典型案例分析没有打满腿Outrigger not extend entirelyCase Analysis 典型案例分析支撑或枕木分散负载枕木之间不能有缝隙Wrong support 错误的支撑Case Analysis 典型案例分析Selection of timber and steel pl

50、ate 枕木及钢板的选择 Steel plate 钢板 The area of the steel plate should be at least four times of outrigger. 钢板面积至少是吊车支撑腿的4倍大。 The thickness of steel plate is at least 20mm. 钢板厚度至少20mm。Timber 枕木The area of the timber should be at least four times of outrigger.枕木的面积至少是吊车支撑腿的4倍大。Case Analysis 典型案例分析不正确Case Ana

51、lysis 典型案例分析不正确Case Analysis 典型案例分析不正确Case Analysis 典型案例分析不正确Case Analysis 典型案例分析不正确Case Analysis 典型案例分析不正确Case Analysis 典型案例分析不正确Case Analysis 典型案例分析不正确Case Analysis 典型案例分析正确Case Analysis 典型案例分析正确Safety First 安全第一Summary and Discussion 总结与讨论FATAL ACCIDENT NEWSFLASH 关于一起死亡事故的简短报道DEATH OF A DRIVER DE

52、LIVERING GOODS FOR OUR CONTRACTOR CBMI AT THE HIMA RWENZORI PROJECT SITE UGANDA 在乌干达鲁文佐里山的喜马项目现场，一名吊车司机在为拉法基的承包商中材建公司运送货物的过程中身亡两个罐的位置Safety First 安全第一FATAL ACCIDENT NEWSFLASH 关于一起死亡事故的简短报道At about 8.00 a.m., Stephen parked his truck in the CBMI storage and unloading area. The trucks cargo consisted

53、of 9 meter long steel structures and two tanks seated on tires on the platform at the front of the trailer.大约早晨8点，斯蒂芬将他的卡车停放在中材建的贮存和卸货区域。卡车里货物包括9米长的钢结构和两个坐落在拖车前部平台轮胎上的罐。While the CBMI unloading team (a crane driver, a rigger and two local helpers) were starting to prepare to lift the steel structures, Stephen and his turn boy released the latches on both tanks without instruction from CBMI. 当中材建卸货小组（一个吊车司机，一个起重工和两个当地的助工）准备吊装钢结构时，斯蒂芬和他的助手