雅思托福语法专项复习：动名词

1、2017.8幻灯片 2What? How?动名词：由动词演变而成的名词，因来源是动词，作名词使用，同时具有一些动词特征，故称为动名词。动名词的语法功能：主语宾语表语定语幻灯片 3动名词作主语句首或以it形式主语开头，置于句末。将先前用于阅读文学的时间转移到浅薄的娱乐形式上，普遍降低了文化层次。Diverting time previously spent in reading literature to trivial forms of entertainment has lowered the level of culture in general.牛奶已洒，哭已无用。现在担心那件事是没用的

2、。你这样匆忙离开是很危险的。燃烧煤炭和石油产生大量的污染。幻灯片 4介词后面的动词必须+ing动名词作宾语，部分动词后面的动词必须+ing。这些动词有：acknowledge,admit,advocate,allow,anticipate,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,deny, enjoy, escape, finish, forbid, imagine, include, involve,mind, permit, postpone, quit, recommend, require, risk, suggest, cant help, give up,

3、put off幻灯片 5她一再找借口拖延，不肯去看医生。She found one excuse after another to postpone going to the doctor.postpone/ delay/ put off为近义词，用法一致，+Ving 。他们全都否认曾见过她。They all denied ever having seen her.deny having done sth/ deny doing sth与反义词acknowledge/ admit用法一致， +Ving 。副总统承认受贿。The Vice President admitted taking br

4、ides.计算机系正在考虑在秋季开设晚班。The computer department is considering offering evening classes in the fall.幻灯片 6有些人喜欢冒险和尝试新事物。轴承需要润滑。The bearings need lubricating.Sth. needs/ requires/ wants doing/ to be done.这个问题值得调查。This problem is worth investigating.worth adj. n.Sth. is worth being done. XSth. is worth do

5、ing sth.Sth. is worth of doing sth./ to do sth.It is worthwhile to do sth./ doing sth.幻灯片 7动名词作表语学习中最难的环节之一就是保持注意力。One of the hardest parts of learning is keeping your attention.人生是画一幅图画，而不是做一道算术题。Life is painting a picture, not doing a sum.幻灯片 8动名词作定语动名词作定语修饰名词，主要表示名词的功能与用途。这些建议是谈判的现实出发点。These prop

6、osals represent a realistic starting point for negotiation.更低的房价可大大改善普通人的生活水平。Cheaper housing would vastly improve the living standards of ordinary people.幻灯片 9动名词作定语时常与名词搭配构成短语常用的包括：dining halldriving licenseliving costsplaying groundsitting roomswimming poolworking conditiondrinking waterfilling s

7、tationoperating roomreading roomsleeping pillwashing machinewriting desk幻灯片 10介词 t o+动名词常见表达：advant age t o = advant age ofas t okeyt oobj ectt or esor tt ost i ck t oasopposed t obe accust omed t obe/getusedt obeaddi ct ed t oobj ect i on t owi t h avi ew t oat t achi mpor t ance t ogetr ound t owh

8、en i tcomest oi naddi t i on t o幻灯片 11花时间住在另一个国家多有益处。There can be several advantages to spending time living in another country.该罪行无疑属于政治性质。掌握英文的关键。我反对你吸烟。贫困中靠行窃度日。resort to stealing when in poverty.幻灯片 12记者应坚持调查真相。Reporters should stick to investigating the facts.学生们一起交流思想，而不是单纯照搬书本。Students discus

9、s ideas, as opposed to just copying from books.我不习惯被人打扰。你很快就会习惯使用刹车的。沉迷于赌博。be addicted to gambling.不喜欢熬夜。feel an objection to sitting up late.幻灯片 13为得 A 而努力学习。study hard with a view to getting an A.注意改善两国关系。attach importance to improving the relationship between the two countries.我有几袋相片，哪天抽空把它们放进相册。

10、I have got bags of photographs and one day I will get round to putting them in an album.涉及交研究论文，亚当教授有些严厉。Professor Adam is kind of strict when it comes to handing in research papers.受访者除了回答设定的问题外，还可以提出他们认为重要的任何问题。Respondents are able to raise any issue they believe is important, in addition to answe

11、ring set questions.幻灯片 141. be busy (in) doing sth常见动名词短语忙于做某事他们正忙着准备周六的活动。They are busy preparing for an activity on Saturday.2. spend time (in) doing sth.花时间做某事spend time to do X我同意花下周时间帮克拉克教授布置新的博物馆展览。I agreed to spend next week helpingProfessorClarksetup thenew museumexhibition.幻灯片153. have succ

12、ess (in) doing sth.成功做成某事一大群工作人员可以成功消灭老鼠。A massive group of volunteers could have success in mice.4. waste time (in) doing sth.浪费时间做某事他无所事事，白白浪费了时间。He wasted his time doing nothing.5. have difficulty/ trouble/ a hard time/ a tough time (in) doing sth.我很难找到文章。I am having a hard time finding articles.

13、幻灯片 16There is no doing sth.= It is impossible to do sth.There is no accounting for tastes.It is impossible to account for tastes. There is no looking (turning) back.There is no bearing .无法忍受There is no denying .不可否认There is no describing .无法描述There is no knowing .无从知道There is no mistaking .不可能认错The

14、re is no holding/ (stopping) .There is no saying/ (telling) .There is no reasoning with sb. .幻灯片 171.无法预测变化。无法阻挡很难说，说不准跟某人讲不通道理There was no predicting the changes.不知道她下一步会做什么。历史的年轮不可阻挡。There is no holding back the wheel of history.他们是谁的孩子一清二楚，他们长得都很像乔。There is no mistaking whose children they are-th

15、ey all look just like Joe.幻灯片 18There is no + N + (in) doing sth.做某事没有坏处。There is no harm in doing sth. = It does no harm to do.试试也无妨There is no harm in trying.做某事是没用什么意义的。There is no sense in doing sth. = It is senseless to do sth.现在为这件事苦恼是没用意义的。There is no sense in getting upset about it now.3. Th

16、ere is no point in doing sth.= It is pointless to do sth.我觉得与他争论没有什么意义。I could see that there was no point in arguing with him.幻灯片 19名词从句、状语从句可以简化为动名词。I dont mind if Guy comes with us, provided he pays for his own meals.I dont mind if Guy coming with us, provided he pays for his own meals. That you

17、fell into the river was the climax of the whole trip.=Your falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip. After he had gone that far, George did not want to turn back.=After having gone that far, George did not want to turn back.幻灯片 20请使用简化后的从句，即动名词，进行翻译。我原来不知道这个地区的天气如此糟糕。我不希望冒项目失败的风险。你心情焦

18、虑不能成为你对我如此粗暴的理由。他们的农业体系之所以成功，取决于他们了解河水变化的时间。幻灯片 21我原来不知道这个地区的天气如此糟糕。I did not know about the weather being so awful in this area.我不希望冒项目失败的风险。I did not want to risk the project going down the drain.你心情焦虑不能成为你对我如此粗暴的理由。Your state of anxiety does not justify your being so rude to me.他们的农业体系之所以成功，取决于他们

19、了解河水变化的时间。The success of their agriculture system depended upon them knowing when the river would change.幻灯片 22幻灯片 23勇气就是去做自己害怕去做的事情。最终的目标应该是竭尽全力，乐此不疲。一切成就的起点都是愿望。世界是一面镜子，反映出每个人的面孔。人生的秘诀之一是把绊脚石变成踏脚石。人生最大的乐趣就是去做别人说你做不了的事情。幻灯片 24玛丽献身于照顾患者。 devote to8.能够谈论一件事的确会加强对这件事的记忆。lead to9.你需要注意牢记旧词的新用法。pay atte

20、ntion to10.我们反对建新的商场。be opposed to11.我期盼着再次见到你。look forward to12.安妮喜欢写学期论文，而不喜欢参加考试。prefer to幻灯片 25勇气就是去做自己害怕去做的事情。Courage is doing what you are afraid to do.最终的目标应该是竭尽全力，乐此不疲。一切成就的起点都是愿望。The starting point of all achievements is desire.世界是一面镜子，反映出每个人的面孔。The worldis a lookingglass,and givesback to e

21、veryman the reflectionof hisownface.人生的秘诀之一是把绊脚石变成踏脚石。One of the secrets of life is to make stepping stones out of stumbling stones.人生最大的乐趣就是去做别人说你做不了的事情。The greatest pleasure in life is doing what others say you cannot do.幻灯片 26玛丽献身于照顾患者。 devote to Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick.8. 能够

22、谈论一件事的确会加强对这件事的记忆。lead toBeing able to talkaboutan event does leadto having a stronger memory of that event.9. 你需要注意牢记旧词的新用法。pay attention toYou need to pay attention to remembering new usages of old words.10. 我们反对建新的商场。be opposed toWe were opposed to building a new shopping mall.11. 我期盼着再次见到你。look

23、forward toI am looking forward to seeing you again.12. 安妮喜欢写学期论文，而不喜欢参加考试。prefer toAnn prefers writing a term paper to taking an examination.1.How can I get to（我该怎么去）2.Where is the nearest（最近的在哪里）3.What s the best way to（去怎么走最好）4.Is this the right way for（这是去的正确方向吗）5.Is there near here?（这里附近有吗）6.Do

24、you know how I can find（你知道我该怎么找到）7.Which direction is（在哪个方向）1.toilet/restroom（洗手间）2.supermarket（超市）3.restaurant（餐厅）4.caf （咖啡馆）5.shopping mall（商场）6.information counter（服务台）7.police station（警察局）8.hospital（医院）9.cinema （电影院）10.airport（机场）11.railway station（火车站）12.bus stop（公交车站）13.ticket office（售票处）14.m

25、useum（博物馆）15.store/shop（商店）试着来组一些句子如果急着上洗手间，可以问：Is there a toilet near here?（这附近有洗手间吗）如果丢了东西要找警察，可以问：Where s the nearest police station?（最近的警察局在哪）如果你赶时间去机场，可以问：What s the best way to the airport?（去机场最好怎么走）以上是问路的方法，接下来我们看看回答和指路的方法。首先，我们要了解基本的方向。这是前后左右：Left front forward Right front左前前右前Left （ Center

26、） Right 西中右Left rear backward Right rear左后后右后这是东南西北：Northwest North Northeast北西北北东West（ Center ） East 西中东Southwest South Southeast 南西南南东（注意复合方向的表述和汉语正好相反，比如东北=北东）实际指路时经常这么说：Take a left， go left，turn left和 make a left都代表同样的意思：左转。Opposite，acrossfrom ，和 facing都代表同一个意思在同一条街道上，但在另一边。直走： go straight/forwa

27、rd回头： turn back/go backward左转： turn left右转： turn right上楼： go upstairs下楼： go downstairs过马路： cross the street/road第一个路口左转： take the first on the left第二个路口右转： take the second on the right丁字路口左转： turn left at the T-junction十字路口右转： turn right at the crossroads过桥： go over the bridge过河： go across the river

28、经过： go past沿着路走下去： follow the road down16. 一直走： keep walking/driving经常用到的与位置有关的介词附近： near隔壁： next to靠着： beside周围： around两个地点之间： between尽头： at the end of在背面： at the back of/behind在前面： in front of/before在上面： above/over在下面： below/under在对面： opposite试着来组一些句子The cinema isnext to the shopping mall,youneed

29、totakethesecond on the left andkeep walking for 500 meters.（电影院就在商场隔壁，你要在第二个路口左转然后步行500 米）五、回答别人问路（指路）的表示方法：1 Go along the street until you come to the traffic lights.沿这条路一直走到红绿灯那儿。 2 Turn right/left at the second crossing.(Take the second turning on theright/left.)在第二个十字路口向右/ 左转弯。 3 Take a number 4

30、6 bus,and getoff at thesquare. 坐 46 路公共汽车， 在广场下车。 4Itson the cornerofHuaihai Streetand XizangRoad. 在淮海路和西藏路的路口。 5Go straightahead alongthe bund and thenturn left.沿着外滩往前走，然后往走转弯。6 Its only about ten minuteswalk.那儿离这儿只有走大约10 分钟的路。Its only about ten minuteswalk.(D)那儿离这儿只有走大约10 分钟的路。二回答句型1. 回答 Wheres th

31、e(nearest) ?可用以下简单的答语：Its over there.在那边 Its behind the在后面Its next to the在旁边 Its in front of the它就在前面Its near the它在附近 Its on the right/left of the它在右 / 左边Its outside the它在外面 Its on the other side of the它在对面2. 回答 Which is the way to please? 和 How can I get to ?等问路的话时，可根据具体情况，将下列有关句子组织起来用：Walk along t

32、his road/street.沿着这条路 / 街走。Its about metres from here.从这里大约米。Take the lst/ turning on the left/right.在第个转弯处左/ 右转。Its about meters along on the right/left.沿右边 / 左边大约米。Walk on and turn left/right.继续走再向左 / 右转。Turn right/left at the traffic lights.Youll find the on the right/left.在交通灯右 /左转，你会发现在右 /左边。Go

33、 on until you reach the end of the road/street.Youll see the in front of you.继续走一直到路 / 街的尽头，你就会看到在你的面前。Go down this street/road until you reach the 1st/2nd/ traffic lights.Turnright/left.At the end of the road/street youll see the沿着这条街 / 路走一直到达第一 / 二交通灯，右/ 左转，在街 / 路的尽头你会看到1.It s between the cinema a

34、nd the fruit shop.2.It s next to/in front of/behind/on the left(right)side of the library.3.It s in/on/to the south/north/west/east of the park.4.Go down/alongthis street untilyou see thetall red building.Youcan tmiss it.5.Turn right/left at the first/second crossing/turning/corner.6.Sorry,I don t k

35、now.I m a stranger here,too7.Take a left=Make a left=Turn left向左转 .光讲 take a left不明确时 , 可以加上路名 Take a left onHemphill Ave.8.Come/Get down Hemphill Ave about five blocks.由 Hemphill 街往下走约五个blocks.9.You will see a BP gas station on your left.在你的左手边你会看到一座BP 加油站 .10.Keep going 50 yards before you come to

36、 a fork road.继续走 50码 , 直到你走到一个三叉路口 .keep going=continue straight=keep straight11.Make a right,pass two stop signs and you will run into a Wal Mart.向右转 , 经过二个 Stop sign,你就会遇到 Wal Mart.You ll run into it!=You can t miss it!12.The post office is just right across the street of it.邮局就在 Wal Mart 的正对面13.S

37、traight on.一直走下去14.Go along/down this street and turn left at the second crossing.沿着这条街走 , 在第二个十字路口左拐15.It s about1 kilometerfromhere. 距这里约一公里。16.Itis far from her,you dbettertakea bus/taxi.离这里有点远，你最好坐公共汽车或的士去。17.Take a number 46 bus,and get off at the square.坐 46 路公共汽车，在广场下车。18.You can take Bus No.103.19.Itwilltake about20/twentyminutes bus there.大概要做20 分钟的公车。20.I m sorry.Ihavenoideawhereitis. 对不起，我不知道它在哪儿。三. 交通工具on foot by air/plane;on a plane by taxi;on a taxi by bike/on a bike by b