在高校有许多大学生通过助学贷款完成自己的学业

1、大家论坛欢迎您您！更多多四六级相关关资料，请访问问 HYPERLINK /forum-58-1.html http:/fforum-58-1.html Part Writiing (330 minnutes)Direcctionss: Forr thiss partt, youu are allowwed 300 minuutes tto wriite a shortt essaay enttitledd On PPayingg backk Studdent LLoans. You shoulld wriite att leasst 1500 wordds folllowinng thee o

2、utlline ggiven beloww.1. 现今今，在高校有有许多大学生生通过助学贷贷款完成自己己的学业2. 但是是有些学生毕毕业后没有能能力或拒绝按按时还贷3. 我认认为贷款的学学生应如何对对待还贷问题题On Paaying back Studeent LooansPart Readiing Coomprehhensioon (Skkimminng andd Scannning) (15 minuttes)Direcctionss：In tthis ppart yyou wiill haave 155 minuutes tto go over the ppassagge quiickl

3、y and aanswerr the questtions on Annswer sheett 1.For qquestiions 11-4, mmarkY (foor YESS) if the sstatemment aagreess withh the inforrmatioon givven inn the passaage;N (foor NO) if tthe sttatemeent coontraddicts the iinformmationn giveen in the ppassagge;NG (ffor NOOT GIVVEN) iif thee infoormatiion

4、 iss not givenn in tthe paassagee.For qquestiions 55-10, compllete tthe seentencces wiith thhe infformattion ggiven in thhe passsage.Readingg Babyys MiindThe hhelpleess, sseeminngly aawkwarrd inffant sstarinng up at yoou froom hiss litttle beed, haas a llot moore gooing oon insside hhis heead thhan

5、yoou eveer imaaginedd. A wwealthh of nnew reesearcch is leadiing chhild ppsychoologissts too rethhink ttheir long-held belieefs abbout tthe emmotionnal annd inttellecctual abiliities of evven veery yooung bbabiess. Sciience is noow givving uus a mmuch ddifferrent ppicturre of what goes on innside th

6、eirr hearrts annd heaads. LLong bbeforee theyy formm theiir firrst woords oor atttempt the ffeat oof sittting up, tthey aare allreadyy mastteringg compplex eemotioons-jeealoussy, emmpathyy (移情), fruustrattion-tthat wwere oonce tthoughht to be leearnedd muchh lateer.A Neww Babyy ReseearchLittlle Vicc

7、toriaa Bateeman iis bluue-eyeed andd as ccute aa babyy as tthere ever was. At 6 monthhs, shhe is also trustting aand unnsuspeectingg, whiich iss a goood thhing, becauuse ottherwiise shhed nnever go allong wwith wwhatss abouut to happeen. Itts a sunnyy Junee afteernoonn in LLubbocck, Texaas, annd ins

8、side tthe Huuman SSciencces laab at Texass Techh Univversitty, Victtorias motther iis setttlingg her daughhter iinto aa highh chaiir, whhere sshe iss the latesst subbject in ann ongooing eexperiiment aimedd at uundersstandiing thhe wayy babiies thhink. Sybill Hartt, an assocciate profeessor of huuma

9、n ddeveloopmentt and leadeer of the sstudy, traiins viideo ccameraas on motheer andd daugghter. Everrythinng is set. Hart handss the motheer, Chheryl Batemman, aa chilldrens boook, Ellmo Poops Inn, andd insttructss her to enngrosss hersself iin itss pagees. JJust hhave aa convversattion wwith mme ab

10、oout thhe boook, Hart tellss her. Thee mostt impoortantt thinng is, do nnot loook att Victtoria. Ass the two wwomen chat, Victtoria lookss arouund thhe rooom, feeelingg a liittle boredd.Afterr a feew minnutes, Hartt leavves thhe rooom andd retuurns ccradliing a lifellike bbaby ddoll. Dramaaticallly,

11、 HHart pplacess it iin Cheeryl BBatemaans aarms, and ttells her tto embbrace the ddoll wwhile contiinuingg to iignoree Victtoria. Thaats OOK, liittle baby, Baatemann cooss, huggging and rrockinng thee dolll. Vicctoriaa is nnot boored aanymorre. Att firsst, shhe craacks hher beest smmile. When that d

12、oesnnt woork, sshe beegins kickiing. BBut heer momm payss her no miind. TThatss whenn Victtoria losess it. Soon shess cryiing soo hardd it llooks like she mmight spit up. HHart rrushess in. OK, weree donee, sshe saays, aand taakes bback tthe dooll. CCheryll Bateeman ggoes tto commfort her ddaughtter

13、. Ive neverr seenn her reactt likee thatt to aanythiing, she ssays. Over the llast 110 monnths, Hart has rrepeatted thhe sceene huundredds of timess. Its thee samee in nnearlyy everry casse: tiiny baabies, overrwhelmmed wiith jeealoussy. Evven Haart waas stuunned to fiind thhat innfantss coulld expp

14、eriennce ann emottion, whichh, unttil reecentlly, waas thoought to bee way beyonnd theeir grrasp.Findiings oof Babby RessearchhThe nnew reesearcch is sure to coonfusee new parennts-seee, Juunior is a geniuus-butt itss moree thann justt an aacademmic exxercisse. Arrmed wwith tthe neew infformattion,

15、pediaatriciians (儿科医生) are startting tto chaange tthe waay theey evaaluatee theiir youungestt patiients. In aadditiion too traccking physiical ddeveloopmentt, theey aree now focussing mmuch mmore ddeeplyy on eemotioonal aadvanccementt. Thee reseearch showss how powerrful eemotioonal wwell-bbeing is

16、too a chhildss futuure heealth. A baaby whho faiils too meett certtain kkey eemotioonal mmilesttones may have troubble leearninng to speakk, reaad andd, latter, ddo welll in schoool. Byy readding eemotioonal rresponnses, doctoors haave beegun tto disscoverr wayss to ttell iif a bbaby aas youung ass

17、3 moonths is shhowingg earlly siggns off posssible psychhologiical ddisordders, incluuding depreessionn, anxxiety, learrning disabbilitiies annd perrhaps autissm.One oof thee earlliest emotiions tthat eeven ttiny bbabiess dispplay iis, addmirabbly ennough, empaathy. In faact, cconcerrn forr otheers

18、maay be hard-wiredd intoo babiies bbrainss. Plaace a newboorn doown neext too anotther ccryingg infaant, aand chhancess are, bothh babiies wiill sooon bee wailling (悲叹) aaway. Peopple haave allways knownn thatt babiies crry wheen theey heaar othher baabies cry, sayys Marrtin HHoffmaan, a psychhology

19、y proffessorr at NNew Yoork Univeersityy who did tthe fiirst sstudiees on infannt emppathy in thhe 19770s. The qquestiion waas, whhy aree theyy cryiing? Does it meean thhat thhe babby is trulyy conccernedd for his ffelloww humaan, orr justt annooyed bby thee rackket? AA receent sttudy cconduccted ii

20、n Itaaly, wwhich builtt on HHoffmaans oown woork, hhas laargelyy setttled tthe quuestioon. Reesearcchers playeed forr infaants ttapes of otther bbabiess cryying. As prredictted, tthat wwas ennough to sttart tthe teears fflowinng. Buut wheen ressearchhers pplayedd babiies, rrecorddings of thheir oown

21、 crries, they rarelly beggan crrying themsselvess. Thee verddict:theree is ssome eempathhy in placee, rigght frrom biirth, Hofffman says. The intennsity of thhe emootion tendss to ffade oover ttime. Babiees oldder thhan 6 monthhs no longeer cryy but grimaace (作作苦相) aat thee disccomforrt of otherrs.

22、Byy 13 tto 15 monthhs, baabies tend to taake maatterss intoo theiir ownn handds. Thheylll try to coomfortt a crrying playmmate. Whatt I fiind moost chharminng is when, evenn if tthe twwo motthers are ppresennt, thheylll brinng theeir owwn motther oover tto hellp, Hoffmman saays.Part off thatt empaat

23、hy mmay coome frrom annotherr earlly-babby skiill, tthe abbilityy to ddiscerrn emootionss fromm the faciaal exppressiions oof thee peopple arround them. Mosst texxtbookks stiill saay thaat babbies yyoungeer thaan 6 mmonthss dont reccognizze emootionss, ssays DDiane Montaague, assisstant profeessor o

24、f pssychollogy aat LaSSalle Univeersityy in Phhiladeelphiaa. To put tthat bbelieff to tthe teest, MMontaggue caame upp withh a twwist oon eveery innfants favvoritee gamee, andd recrruitedd dozeens off 4-moonth-oolds tto plaay aloong. SShe beegan bby peeeking arounnd a ccloth with a bigg smille on he

25、r fface. Prediictablly, thhe babbies wwere ddelighhted, and sstaredd at hher inntentlly-thee timee-testted waay to tell if a baby is innteressted. On thhe fouurth ppeek, thouggh, Moontaguue emeerged with a sadd lookk on hher faace. TThis ttime, the rresponnse waas mucch diffferennt. TThey nnot onnly

26、 loooked away, shee sayss, butt woulldnt look back even when she bbegan smiliing aggain. Refussing tto makke eyee conttact iis a cclassiic babby siggn of distrress. An anngry fface ggot thheir aattenttion oonce aagain, but theirr facees shoowed nno pleeasuree. Thhey seeemed primeed to be allert, eve

27、n vigillant, Monttague says. I rrealizze thaats sspecullativee in rregardd to iinfantts. . . I tthink it shhows tthat bbabiess younnger tthan 66 montths fiind meeaningg in eexpresssionss. They are aalso ffar moore soophistticateed inttellecctuallly thaan we once belieeved. Babiees, ass younng as 4 m

28、onnths, have advannced ppowerss of ddeducttion aand ann abillity tto undderstaand thhe inttricatte pattternss. Theey havve a ssurpriisinglly vissual ppalettte(燃料，调调色板), whichh enabbles tthem tto nottice ssmall diffeerencees, esspeciaally iin facces, tthat aadultss and olderr chilldren lose the aabil

29、itty to see. Untill a baaby iss 3 moonths old, he caan reccognizze a pphotoggraph of hiis motther jjust aas quiickly as a photoo in wwhich everyythingg is iin thee righht plaace.Challlengess and Dangeers off Babyy ReseearchThis mightt be aa goodd placce to pausee for a worrd aboout thhe chaallengges

30、 annd danngers of baaby reesearcch. Siince tthe suubjectts cannt sppeak ffor thhemsellves, figurring oout whhats goingg on iinsidee theiir heaads iss ofteen a mmatterr of rreadinng theeir faaces aand boody laanguagge. Iff thiss seemms speeculattive, its not. Over decaddes off triaal andd erroor, ree

31、searcchers have fine-tunedd theiir obsservattion sskillss and zeroeed in on nuumerouus connsisteent baaby reesponsses too variious sstimulli: hoow lonng theey staare att an oobjectt, whaat theey reaach ouut forr and what makess themm recooil inn fearr or ddisgusst cann ofteen telll expperiennced rre

32、searrcherss everrythinng theey neeed to know. Moree receently, scieentistts havve addded EEEGs annd lasser eyye traackingg, whiich alllow mmore pprecisse reaadingss.1. Thhe passsage is maainly aboutt thosse ressearchhes thhat foocus oon thee emottionall and intelllectuual abbilitiies off thosse verr

33、y youung baabies.2. Thhe purrpose of thhe expperimeent onn Victtoria Batemman iss to ffind oout hoow impportannt thee mothhers love is too her baby.3. Inn the experrimentt, Vicctoriaa Bateeman ccried becauuse shhe thoought that her mmotherr didnnt loove heer anyy moree.4. Onnly thhroughh readding ee

34、motioonal rresponnses ccan dooctorss telll whetther aa 3-moonth bbaby wwill gget poossiblle psyycholoogicall disoorderss.5. Peediatrricianns aree now payinng lesss atttentioon to physiical ddeveloopmentt of ttheir baby patieents bbut moore too _.6. Hooffmanns sttudy rrevealled thhat baabies are bbor

35、n tto shoow othher crrying babiees _.7. Thhe finndingss of DDianes tesst demmonstrrated the bbabyss abillity tto reccognizze _.8. Itt is aamazinng to find that the vvisuall paleette oof a bbaby hhelps him tto nottice _.9. Ass for the cchalleenges, thosse ressearchhers hhave tto obttain tthose findii

36、ngs aabout babiees miind byy readding _.10. IIn ordder too gainn moree preccise rreadinngs abbout bbabiess minnd, sccientiists hhave aadopteed thee skillls off EEGss and _.Part Readiing Coomprehhensioon (Reeadingg in DDepth) (25 minuttes)Sectiion ADirecctionss: In this sectiion, tthere is a shortt p

37、asssage wwith 55 quesstionss or iincompplete stateementss. Reaad thee passsage ccarefuully. Then answeer thee quesstionss or ccompleete thhe staatemennts inn the fewesst posssiblee wordds on Answeer Sheeet 2.Questtions 47 too 51 aare baased oon thee folllowingg passsage.They are ppeoplee who struggg

38、le tto makke theeir vooice hheard, but the wworld is liikely to heear moore annd morre aboout thhem. IIf theey alll beloonged to onne nattion, it woould bbe a ffair ssize, as biig as Chilee or Kaazakhsstan. Yet bby deffinitiion, tthey bbelongg to nno couuntry at alll:theey aree the worldds grrowingg

39、 bandd of sstatelless ppeoplee who have no ciitizennship rightts, annd aree ofteen unaable tto claaim thhe thiings tthat sstatess can proviide, llike ttravell docuumentss and educaation. Accoordingg to iinternnationnal offficiaals whhose jjob iss to ccope wwith hhuman flotssam annd jettsam, the ppro

40、bleem of stateelessnness iis groowing fast, desppite aa modeest deeclinee in tthe nuumber of reefugeees in the sstrictt sensse.Some peoplle beccome sstatelless bbecausse theey aree forcced ouut of one ccountrry, annd no otherr natiion wiill acccept them, or eeven ggrant them the rrightss whicch reef

41、ugeees-peeople who sseek sshelteer beccause of a proveen rissk of perseecutioon-cann claiim. Soome peeople neverr leavve homme butt findd theyy are strannded bby thee shifft in bordeers. AAlso bbeing rankeed amoong thhe staatelesss aree margginal groupps whoo cannnot cllaim ccivic rightts beccause t

42、heirr birtths weent unnrecorrded.As a classsic caase off stattelesssness, takee the Biharris off Banggladessh. Thhey moostly took the WWest PPakisttani sside iin thee 19711 war that led tto thee creaation of Baangladdesh, ensurring tthat tthey wwere uunwelccome iin thee new statee. Somme werre movve

43、d inn orgaanisedd exchhangess-untiil Pakkistann stoppped ttakingg themm. Perrhaps 300 0000 reemain stateeless.In faact, llegal limboo(前途未卜卜) is not aan eitther-oor connditioon; thhere aare deegreess of sstatellessneess. AAmong the PPalesttinianns whoo fledd duriing thhe warr thatt folllowed Israeels

44、 ccreatiion, ssome-tthose in Joordan-were givenn passsportss, butt in oother Arab statees, thhey siimply got refuggee trravel documments. No Arab statee wantted too natuuralisse thee newccomerss, butt the levell of rrightss has varieed froom plaace too placce.Antnnio Guuterrees, thhe currrent high c

45、ommiissionner foor reffugeess, sayys morre andd moree counntriess agreee, att leasst, thhat sttateleessnesss is a prooblem; and severral haave taaken ssteps to allleviaate itt.47. IIf thee stattelesss peopple beelongeed to one nnationn, theeir nuumber wouldd equaal thee popuulatioon of _.48. WWhy do

46、o refuugees leavee theiir homme couuntry and sseek pprotecction somewwhere else?49. TThe siituatiion thhat peeople who nnever leavee homee becoome sttateleess reesultss fromm_.50. WWhy weere thhe Bihharis unwellcome in thhe newwly esstabliished Banglladeshh?51. AArab sstatess treeatmennts off the fl

47、eeiing Paalestiinianss are diffeerent from placee to pplace in teerms oof_.Sectiion BDirecctionss: Theere arre 2 ppassagges inn thiss secttion. Each passaage iss folllowed by soome quuestioons orr unfiinisheed staatemennts. FFor eaach off themm therre aree fourr choiices mmarkedd A), B), CC) andd D)

48、. You sshouldd deciide onn the best choicce andd markk the correespondding lletterr on AAnswerr Sheeet 2 wwith aa singgle liine thhroughh the centrre.Passaage onneQuesttions 52 too 56 aare baased oon thee folllowingg passsage.Gettiing reeady tto go back to scchool in thhe goood oldd dayss of, say, 1

49、998 meantt a feew triips too the mall and aa quicck cheeck off the bus rroute. Thiss yearr, forr manyy pareents, theree are some new tthingss to rremembber: TThe teeacherrs e-mail addreess, tthe scchools webbsite and wwhich nightt onliine hoomeworrk hellps chhat wiill bee offeered. The 1999-2000 sch

50、oool yeaar willl be the oone whhen thhe majjorityy of pparentts reaally ffeel tthe Innterneets iinflueence oon theeir chhildreens eeducattion aat thee everryday levell, saays Joonathaan Carrson, chairrman oof thee Famiily Edducatiion Coo. , wwhich offerrs a pparentting wwebsitte at www. familly eduu

51、catioon. coom andd a frramewoork foor loccal scchoolss to ccreatee and mainttain ttheir own ssites.This yeear prromisees to show a quaantum leap in thhe sprread oof schhool ttechnoology: Pareents iin manny disstrictts cann expeect too be aable tto cheeck thhe schhool llunch menu, readd classs nottes

52、, ssee acctivitty callendarr and view nighttly hoomeworrk asssignmeents-aall onnline. Thee schoools aare wiired, sayss Carsson. A majjorityy of pparentts noww havee acceess annd thee educcatorss are readyy to ggo. Over the ssummerr, parrents of hiigh scchool Germaan stuudentss in IIthacaa, N. Y. goo

53、t to be paart off a cllass tto Eurrope, throuugh thheir hhome ccomputters. The cclass brougght a digittal caamera and llaptopp withh themm to GGermanny andd docuumenteed theeir viisit oon theeir weeb pagge. Haazy Assh, faather of 166-yearr-old traveeler BBrian, founnd it reasssuringg to ssee hiis so

54、nns smmilingg facee fromm halff a woorld aaway. Beforre theeir kiids leeft, pparentts hadd checcked tthe siite foor schheduliing innformaation, a liist off actiivitiees andd adviice onn culttural diffeerencees.When its desiggned wwell, a disstrictt, schhool oor claassrooom webbsite can cchangee the

55、relattionshhip beetweenn the parennts annd thee schoool, ssays CCynthiia Lappier, Ithaccas ddirecttor off infoormatiion annd insstructtionall techhnologgy. TThe moore yoou cann invoolve pparentts in schoool, thhe bettter, Lapiier saays. The ttechnoology givess us aanotheer wayy to rreach them, espee

56、ciallly parrents of seecondaary scchool studeents, who ttend tto be less invollved. Ithacca higgh schhool pphysiccs teaacher, Stevver Wiirt, ggets ee-maill fromm pareents rregulaar1y, some from the pparentts he belieeves mmight otherrwise not ppick uup thee phonne witth a cconcerrn. Ussing ssoftwaar

57、e caalled Blackkboardd Courrse Innfo, WWirt cconduccts onnline chatss withh his studeents ooften revieewing for aa quizz or ddiscusssing homewwork pprobleems.The wway thhings are ggoing, by tthe ennd of this year, manyy pareents mmay bee fullly connverteed-andd in ffact ddependdent uupon ttheir scho

58、ools ttechnoologiccal caapabillitiess. At a reccentlyy wireed schhool iin Novvi, Michhigan, the schoool webbmasteer wass justt a feew houurs laate poostingg the lunchh-menuu caleendar on thhe webbsite. In tthat ttime, more than a dozzen paarentss callled hiim by telepphone to reequestt the inforrmat

59、ioon. AA yearr ago, it nnever wouldd havee beenn therre, ssays CCarsonn. Andd now parennts arre finnding its toughh to gget byy withhout iit.52. MMany pparentts noww remeember the tteacheers ee-maill addrress aand thhe schhoolss webssite bbecausse _.A) byy doinng so they neednnt goo to tthe sttore t

60、to buyy stattionerry forr theiir chiildrennB) thhey caan reaach thheir cchildrrens schoool andd the teachhers wwithouut traavelinng theereC) thhe e-mmail aand thhe webbsite can hhelp tthem ffind oout whhat thheir cchildrren dooD) thhey caan obsserve how tthe Innterneet afffect ttheir childdrenss edu