英语从句讲解

1、SimplesentenceCompoundsentenceComplexsentence从句：名性从句（主从句，从句，表从句，同位从句）形容性从句(定从句)副性从句（状从句）英中六大从句用法在句子中起名作用的各种从句，称名性从句主从句subjectiveclause一般由what,who,which,why,how,when,which,whetheror等引，若是从句，又短，可用it作形式主，而将从句放在句末。常的句型有：Itisself-evidentthatItgoeswithoutsayingthatItisassertedthatItisbelievedthatItisgenera

2、llyconsideredthatItishopedthatItisreportedthatItissaidthatItissupposedthat很明的是不用有人主据信人宽泛人希望据道据据推-Itiswell-knownthat众所周知Itmustbeadmittedthat必承Itcannotbedeniedthat不可否Itmustbepointedoutthat需指出的是Itwastoldthat据Itwillbesaidthat有人会Itfollowsthat由此可Itisinappropriatethat是不合适的2)what引的主从句表示“.的西”，一般不用it作形式主。What

3、welackisexperience.3)what,who,when,why,whether等含有各自的疑意，但它引的主从句，都用述序。Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain.IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.从句objectiveclause1）从句可位于及物、介和某些形容后。that常可省略。介后一般接疑引的从句。in2-that(由于),exceptthat(除了),butthat(可是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。*IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesitu

4、ation.*AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship.*Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.*Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.Compliment2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来取代，而把宾语从句移至宾补此后。Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.3)在think,believe,sup

5、pose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，若是谓语可否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成必定形式。Hedidntthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.表语从句PredictiveclauseLinkingverb3-表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,asif(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可以用because.Perhapsthemostimportantthing

6、torememberisthatthereisnoonecommontypeoflifeinAmerica.Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.同位语从句appositionalclause同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同样，也可用whether,who,when,where,w

7、hat,why,how等引导。常有的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语此后。4-Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow.IhadnoideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.Thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthechampionship.定语从句attributiveclause

8、定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句平时位于先行词此后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。*限制性定语从句限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词此后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完满。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于ofwhich；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，取代先行词外，还在从句中担当主语、宾语、定语等。Thecomputersandcableswhichmakeupthe

9、Internetareownedbypeopleandorganizations.5-Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高等修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。T

10、hatisallthatIveheardfromhim.HesthefirstpersonthatImgoingtointerviewthisafternoon.关系代词的省略在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可以用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可以省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup.6-Thisisoneofthosethings(whichthat)wehavetoputupwith.3)引导定语从句的

11、关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。Evenincomicbookswhere(=inwhich)therearenowords,thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings.Nooneknowsthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewassoangrythatday.*非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号分开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可以用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可以省略。Every

12、objecthasagravitationalpull,whichisratherlikemagnetism.*“介词whose”引导的定语从句7-“介词whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。Itiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.Thegirltowhomyouspeakismysister.*as引导的定语从句as引导的定语从句主要用于“such.as”及“thesame.as”的结构中，取代先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，取代整个主

13、句，从句可位于主句从前、此后或中间。Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.(as取代先行词problems)Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrolwhathappensontheInternet.(as取代主语)状语从句adverbialclause*时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的隶属连词和词组有：8-1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsin

14、cewecamehere.2)assoonas,hardly(scarcely).when,nosooner.than,each(every)time,themoment,immediately(that)等。AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage,Ireceivedpositiveresponses.Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.*地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.Wherevershewent,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.*原因、结果和目的状语从句

15、1）引导原因状语从句的隶属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeingthat,consideringthat,Inthat等。Consideringthatheisafreshman,wemustsayheisdoingwell.2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so.that,such.that,sothat,that,so等。MickeyMouseissoattractivethatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave.9-3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest等，从句常使用m

16、ay,might,can,could,would等神情动词。Wegotupearlythismorningsothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation.*条件和退步状语从句1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so)longas,onconditionthat,incase,provided(providing)that,supposing等。Aslongasyouhavetherightequipment,youcanuseatelephonelinetotransmitcomputerdata.引导退步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,eventhough,evenif,nomatterwhat(when,how.),whatever(whenever,wherever,however.)等。though,evenif等引导状语从句可变换成含有as的部分倒装结构，拥有重申意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,Iwouldnotchangemymind.Youngasheis,heisquiteexperiencedinthiswork.(=