交通运输物流外文翻译外文文献英文文献综合框架逆向物流

1、 格式支持编辑，如有帮助欢迎下载支持。 PAGE PAGE 12word 格式支持编辑，如有帮助欢迎下载支持。( )Integrated Framework for Reverse Logistics签名：签名：年月日附件 1：外文资料翻译译文综合框架逆向物流引言一个完整的供应链的概念，通常包括正向和反向物流。然而，逆向物流比正向物流研究得少的多。逆向物流最近已逐渐成为重要的问题并分为两种方法进行学术研究。逆向物流就是规划执行和控制的效率和成本原料的有效流动，从消费点开始在过程库存，成品及相关信息处置适当以夺回原点价值。在欧盟，废弃电器及电子设备（WEEE）20058（官方协议）2006（ S

2、CM ITDITD整个供应链管理（ SCM ）的信息共享程度 。问题说明3活动有以下的问题：a）如果客户将产品转回给分销商，然后分销商将可返回的产品以某一方式传送回制造商。这种做法会对制造商产生不利影响，因为在这过程中谁能减少传回的产品的时间就能降低其剩余的价值。b ）RoHS性，企业需要监察回收比率以提高他们遵守回收的法律的意识。c ）在处理解决方面，处理解决的时间应减少可以以维持一个企业的形象 ， 这也是逆向物流活动的定义，消费的产品在买了一定的时间内以任何理由（不合理的）相当于收回产品交换或全部的钱 ， 客户一般会从厂家得到可使用的产品 。回收方回收消费者发送的没有价值的或不想要的产品但

3、这样的客户可能会得不到厂家 尽量准备早。拟议的框架这项研究在整个供应链系统中假设共生现象，供应链的参与者被假定为分享三个数据库，即客户，产品和交易。存取权限如下：a）在客户方面，所有其他用户只能查询但分销商可以介入和更新 。b）在产品方面，所有其他用户只能查询但经销商可以介入和更新 。c）在交易方面，所有其他参与者只能查询但分销商可以介入和更新、制造商可以共享数据的定期更新。这共生的假设是战略合作伙伴一致的概念，客户的购买模式和今后的计划在这种创新型企业分享销售数据中能让客户和生产商成为合 作伙伴。向来由常规的分析方法测得的逆向活动所引发的顾客是很难准确预测， 启发式检测和人工智能技术可能会带

4、来帮助。在先进的供应链中帕姆斯以自动化、供应链的配置以及性能的改善供应链的动态配置研制出一种基于代理的框架。不 过，据我们所知，没有研究已申请代理商来扭转活动。这项研究提出了一种基于Agent这个方法可以自主地监测环境的变化和反应自动完成一个目标来管理这个以客户 为中心的问题。商业说明情况要明白拟议的框架，三类逆向物流活动的描述如下：返回的情况根据建议的框架内，传感器剂监测数据，这是所收集到的消费者的网站和共享数据中心;执行每周交叉分析诊断的回报概率，并传送报警信号。举例来说，假设顾客是使越来越多的投诉，和她（他）个人资料（性别，教育）或女士较多 。传感器代理验证手令日期的关联交易。如果保证期

5、间已经过期，那么“委婉”的发送信息。反过来说，如果产品仍然是不保证，那么发送一个“有威慑力的”信号，而如果初始的交易金额很大那么会发送标志“情况严重”的信号。系统处理器处理情况然后建议适当的解决，如果是温和的信号处理器自动发送电子邮件给客户确认客户的关注。 “有威慑力”的信号是处理器的意见通过客户代表联络客户以防止可能的投诉升级为严重的信号，处理器的建议执行相关的业务处理流程比如治疗后完成准备返回股票的位置，该传感器的代理人应跟进客户满意度并给予反馈给处置的信息。拟议的框架可以提供一个早期预警以防止制造商可能的回收情况，另外可以总结先前产品重新设计的原因，该信息技术将增加本框架下的效率。处理情

6、况在提出的框架的基础上，传感器的代理人分析消费者每月投诉并计算解决问题的可能性。举例来说，假设有些客户的电子产品放置在潮湿的地区不符合匹配的规那么发出“情况严重”的信号。由决策者处置代理人建议适当的治疗方法。一个 （例如一个月）让维修中心准备可能发生的维修比在其他制度有更高的可靠性这样可以减少处理 的时间。回收情况发送“严重”的信号。处理器通过信号建议决策者做出处理方法，对于 一个“温和”的信号，分销商建议进行关系营销让顾客关注他们的产品正确的使用方法 。链管理信息技术的效率同时可以增加预期回收的比例来使回收再利用变得更加灵 活。结论逆向物流活动最近已成为消费者和生产者维护自身利益立场的一个关

7、键问题但目前还有一些难题。产品分销商无法迅速处理其库存安置这样制造商就不能迅速恢复其经济价值。维修中心维修给客户带来不便。客户在产品修复期无法使用他们的产品， 能获得附表所需的资源就难以缩短维修时间。这项研究提出了一种基于Agent链的资讯透明度的程度以及改善逆向供应链的活动性能 。今后的研究将集中于执行本框架并通过真实的数据和通过实地调查研究来核实其业绩和成效。附件 2：外文原文Integrated Framework for ReverseLogisticsIntroductionA complete supply chain concept typically includes forw

8、ard and reverse logistics. However, reverse logistics has been much less examined than forward logistics. Reverse logistics has recently emerged as crucial issues in both practices and academic studies.Reverse logistics encompasses planning, implementing and controlling the efficient and cost effect

9、ive flow of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods and related information from the point of consumption tothe point of originto recapture value or dispose properly . In the European Union, the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive, this came into force in August 20

10、05, and the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (Ro HS) directive, which came into force in 2006; requires companies to take responsibility for product that they sell throughout the product entire lifecycle. Reverse logistics has become imperative for business. Many previous studies have attempted t

11、o formulate mathematical models of reverse logistics. Among these studies, Min et presented a genetic algorithm model to deploy centralized return centers. Klausner and Hendrickson explored the relationship between product return ratio and reverse logistics strategy . Kulshreshtha and Sarangi examin

12、ed the link between recycling and price discrimination. Although these optimization models provide partial reverse logistic solutions, they include many assumptions that would not hold in reality. Since reverse logistic activities are too uncertain to formulize, the information about them should ide

13、ally be combined. Additionally, some studies have investigated this issue from the perspective of the entire supplychain. For instance, Beamon extended the forward supply chain, and proposed the greensupply chain concept . Tibben-Lembake and Rogers discussed the distinction between forward and rever

14、se logistics in multiple dimensions . Mollenkopf and Closs discussed the hidden value of reverse logistics from the entire supply chain . Richey et al. surveyedreverse logistics programs, and claimed that information is a critical factor. Companies are increasingly utilizing reverse logistics as a b

15、usiness strategy. For instance, loose return policies might give customers the impression of high product quality. a business may earn goodwill from socially or environment responsible behavior. However, these reverse logistics strategies might lead to a large amount of returned and recycled merchan

16、dise. Businesses require additional information toresolve this vicious circle. Otherwise, the opaque information might invoke a huge bullwhip effect. As business obtains more information, they can predict and prepare, or even prevent bad effects in reverse activities. If the returned products are fa

17、shion merchandise, such as 3C electronic product or seasonal clothes, then the product remaining value might fall when they are sent back by the consumer to the producer site . Therefore, if sufficient information is available to enable businesses to predict returns early, then business could proper

18、lyprepareandreduceprocesstimetomaintaintheirremainingvalues. Additionally,duetotheenforcementofWEEEorRoHSinEuropeanUnion, manufacturers would become concerned with the recycle ratio at any time. This study considers these reverse logistic activities more actively. An agent-based model is presented t

19、o increase information transparency degree (ITD) of theentire supplychain management (SCM). A supply chain with a high ITD serves as an early warning system, and works very efficiently. A High ITD enhances information sharing within an entire supply chain management (SCM).Problem DescriptionsPreviou

20、s studies have categorized reverse logistic activities into three groups, as shown in Table 1, namely return, repair and recycle. In the process of forward logistics, suppliers provide raw material to manufacturers, who make products, which are then sent to customers, generally through distributors.

21、 Conversely, a customer might send a product back for return, repair or recycling. Additionally, manufacturers and suppliers also need to deal with defective or nonworking products. Recycling collectors need to dispose of these recycled products properly, and transfer reusable materials back to the

22、supplier and manufacturer. This process is known as reverse logistics. These reverse activities have the following problems. (1) If a customer returns product to a distributor,then the distributor mightstock returned products to a particular level, then send them back to manufacturer. However, this

23、practice adversely affects the manufacturer, who has less time to process the returned products, thus the lowering their remaining value. (2) Recycling laws, such as WEEE and RoHS in the European Union, increase the importance of recycling activities. Businesses need to monitor recycle ratios, and r

24、aise them to comply with recycling laws. (3) Finally, in the repair aspect, repairing processing time should be reduced to maintain the image of a business. Table 1. The definition of reverse logisticactivitiesActivityDefinitionResultReturnConsumersreturnproductsboughtwithincertainperiodoftimeforany

25、reason(rationalor irrational).Depending on policies, customer may receive another identical new product, an equivalent product exchange or full money back. Repair Consumers send broken product to repair center (or original producer). Customer generally would receive workable product back. Recycle Co

26、nsumers send unvalued or unwanted product to recycling collectors. Customers might or might not receive rewards. All these problems are customer-centric and difficult to predict. However, if the ITD of the entire supply chain could be improved, then the prediction accuracy could be enhanced to enabl

27、e the upstream and downstream enterprises of supply chain to be prepared early.Proposed FrameworkThis study assumes symbiosis in the entire supply chain system. The supplychains participants are assumed to share three databases, namely customer, producttransaction. The access permissions are as foll

28、ows. (1) In the customer DB, distributor can insert and update and all other participants can only query. (2) In product DB, the manufacturer can insert and update and all other participants can only query. (3) In the transaction DB, the distributor can insert and update; manufacturer can update, an

29、d all other participants can only query. The shared data are updated regularly.This symbiosis assumption is consistent with the concept of strategic partners, in which innovative enterprises share sales data, customerbuying patterns and future plans with their partners .Since most reverse activities

30、 are triggered by customers, and are hard to predict accurately by conventional analytic approaches, heuristics and AI techniques might help. In the forward supply chain, Piramuthu developed an agent-based framework to automate supply chain configuration,and toimprove the performance of the supplych

31、ain with dynamic configuration. However, to our knowledge, no study has applied agents to reverse activities. This study presents an agent-based approach. As illustrated in Figure 1, two agents, the sensor agent and the disposal agent, are integrated within the proposedframework.Sinceanagentcouldaut

32、onomouslymonitorthechanging environment and react automatically to complete a goal, they might helpfully manage this customer-centric problem.Business Illustrative ScenariosTo understand the proposed framework clearly, the three classes of reverse logistic activity are described as follows.Return Sc

33、enarioAccording to the proposed framework, the sensor agent monitors the data, which are gathered from the consumer site and shared data center; performs weekly cross analyses to diagnose the return probability, and transmits alarm signals. For instance, assume customer is making an increasing numbe

34、r of complaints, and that her (his) profile (Gender, Education)=(Female, High) matches one return pattern in Table 3. The sensor agent verifies the warrant period ofthe relatedtransaction. If the guarantee period has expired, then a “moderate” signal is sent. Conversely, if the product is still unde

35、r guarantee, then an “influential” signal is sent, while if the original transaction amount was also large, then a “serious” signal is flagged. The disposalagentthenrecommends appropriate treatments. For moderate signals, the disposal agent automatically sends ane-mail to a customer acknowledging th

36、ecustomersconcerns.For “influential” signals, the disposal agent advises a customer specialist to contact the customer in order to prevent possible return. For serious signals, the disposal agent recommends performing related business processes such as preparing return stock-location. After the trea

37、tment is completed, the sensor agent should follow up the customer satisfaction and give feedback to the disposal agent. The proposed framework could provide an early warning to manufacturer about possible returns, and additionally could summarize the top 10 return reasons for product re-design. The

38、 ITD would increase under this framework.Repair ScenarioBased on the proposed framework, the sensor agent would analyze the complaints from consumers monthly, and calculate the repair possibilities. For instance, suppose that some customers of electronic products live in the moist area, matching a r

39、ule in Table 2. The sensor agent judges, according to the past data, that some parts of these products might malfunction later. If these parts are normal materials,thena“mode rate” signalistransmitted. If these parts contain special materials, then an “influential” signal is sent. If the repairing b

40、ehaviors would require particular engineer skills, then a “serious” signal is flagged. The disposal agent recommends appropriate treatments to the decision maker. For a “mode rat” signal, the disposal agent verifies the material stocks, and automatically schedulestheserepairrequirements.For“influent

41、ial”signals,thedisposalagent recommends material procurements to the decision maker. In this case, owing to the longer repair period, the disposal agent arranges a temporary replacement product for customers. Forserioussignals, thedisposalagent schedulesanotherengineer, or recommends further trainin

42、g for engineers. After the treatment is completed for certain period (say one month), the sensor agent follows up customer opinions, and gives feedback to the disposal agent for further improvement. The ITD of the SCM is higher under the proposed framework than in other systems, enabling the repair

43、center to prepare for possible repairs to accelerate the repair time.Recycling ScenarioAccording to the proposed framework, database triggers notify the sensor agent the possibilities for recycling when the product approaches the end its life. The product size and materials is checked. If the produc

44、t materials are normal, then the sensor agent sends a moderate signal. If the products contain toxic or harmful materials, then the senor agent sends “serious” signal. The disposal agent then recommends treatments to the decision maker. For a “moderate” signal, distributors are recommended to conduc

45、t relationship marketing to their customers to express concerns about their product usage.Additionally, some notification messages could be transmitted automatically to the recycling collector to raise the ratio of recycledmaterial. For serious signals, the disposal agent should report to the decisi

46、on maker to comply with WEEE and RoHS requirements. The proposed framework raises the ITD of SCM. Moreover, the recycling ratio could be expected to increase if the recycling promotion becomes more active.ConclusionsReverse logistic activities have recently become a critical issue for both consumer and producer sites, but present some dilemmas. (1) Businesses are increasingly