businesscontractualrelationships商务契约关系oue3

1、businesscontractualrelationships商务契约关系oue3businesscontractualrelationships商务契约关系oue34/4businesscontractualrelationships商务契约关系oue3DN9734:BusinessContractualRelationshipsCase1Question1AtthecaseTomandDannyhasvicariousliability.Thevicariousliabilityisanexampleofjointandseveralliabilityastheinjuredpartyc

2、ansueboththeemployeeandtheemployer.SointhecaseDannyhasadutyofcarewithMcGregor.DonoghuevStevenson【1932】Question2(1971),alearnerdriverowesthesamestandardofcaretotheotherroadusersasanexperienceddriver,asanotherroadusersandpedestriansareentitledtoexpectacertainstandardofcare.FromthiscaseDannymustpaymore

3、attentionsoncheckandrepairthebreakofMcGregor?scar.Asaresultof,DannyunderstandifhecannotensuretherehasnotanyworrywiththebrakeofMcGregor?scar,itmaymaketheaccidenthappen.Anditwouldbeaterribleresult.ButtheendDannydidnotspendmoretimeonMcGregor?scar,hejustworkedonitforabout45minutes.Andafterthatheonlytigh

4、tenedsomescrewsandtheproblemappearedtohavebeensorted.That?sallisDannydidn?treachhisstandardofcare.Question3Question1TheliabilityappliestothekeeperofananimalisTheAnimals(Scotland)Act1987Actestablishedprovisionstoclarifythestrictliabilityforinjuryordamagecausedbyanimals-thatisliabilityevenwithoutdelib

5、erateornegligentconduct.It1/4statesthatapersonwillbeliableforanyinjuryordamagecausedbyanimalifthreefactsallapply:a)Thepersonwasthekeeperoftheanimalatthetime;b)Theanimalbelongstoaspeciesknownasbeinglikely;(i)toseverelyinjureorkillpeopleorotheranimals,or(ii)tomateriallydamageproperty;andFromthecaseMar

6、kwasthekeeperofthedog.Thedogbelongstoaspeciesknownasbeinglikelytoseverelyinjuryorkillpeopleorotheranimals.BecauseoftheAnimals(Scotland)Act1987Markhasstrictliabilitywiththisaccident.Thestrictliabilityisalegaldoctrinethatmakessomepersonsresponsiblefordamagestheiractions,belongingsorproducts,regardless

7、ofany“fpart.Question2TheprecautionsshouldMarkhavetakenwhengoingforawalkinthecountrywithTrickyare:takethedogchain;b)Setsacaponthedog?smouth.ThatmaybecanhelpMarkandhisdog.Question3Nohecan?t.UndertheAnimals(Scotland)Act1987,thefollowingdefencesareavailabletothekeeperofananimal:iftheinjuryordamagewasdue

8、whollytothefaultofthepursueregwherethepursuergoadedadocileanimalwhichthenattackedthepursuerindefence;wherethepursuerhasvoluntarilyacceptedtheriskievolentinonfitinjuria;injuryordamageiscausedbythemerefactthattheanimalispresentonaroadorelsewhere9e.g.ananimalstrayingontoaroadandsocausingatrafficacciden

9、t)Inthiscase,abovethreepointsarenotsatisfied,soMarkcannotdefendforherself.Markwillcarryoutthestrictliability.2/4AnothercaselikeBehrensv.BertramMillsCircusLtd【1957】Thecasesisabouttheplaintiffs,husbandandwife,werebothmidgetsandwereonexhibitioninsideaboothinthefunfairatOlympia,forwhichtheirmanagerhadob

10、tainedalicencefromthedefendants,whentheboothwasknockeddownbyelephantsontheirwaytoperforminthecircusring.Asmalldog,thepropertyofthedaughteroftheplaintiffs?manager,which,contrarytoregulations,hadbeenbroughtintothefunfair,hadrunoutofthebooth,snappingandbarkingatoneoftheelephants,whichturnedandwentafter

11、thedog;someoftheotherelephantsfollowed,andpatsoftheboothfellonthewifewhoreceivedinjuries.Evidencewasgiventhatthehusbandandwifewereexceptionallydependantsuponeachother.Thecourtholdthecircusshouldhavetakenprecautionstopreventtheelephantfromcausingharm.Sohecircusshouldbeliablefortheinjurycausedtothepla

12、intiff.Case3Question1Fivedefencesavailabletoadefenderinanegligenceaction:a)StatutoryjustificationApersonmayhaveagooddefencetoanactionindelictifhecanshowthathisactsarecoveredbystatutoryauthority.b)Self-defenceSelf-defenceisvaliddefenceifthedefenderactedtopreservehimself,hisfamilyorhisproperty,solonga

13、stheactwasreasonableandinkeepingwiththenatureofthethreat.Ifablowisstruckinresponseonlytoverbalattract,thereisnodefence.c)CriminalityThepursuerwillbeunabletoclaimdamagesifheandthedefenderwereinvolvedincriminalactivity.d)Illegality3/4Similartothecriminalitydefense,apersonwillnotbeabletomaintainacauseo

14、factionifhehastorelyoncouductwhichisillegalorcontrarytothepublicpolicy.e)VolentinonfitinjuriaQuestion2Forthecase,a?,Rabcandefendbythedefenceofcriminality.Fromthestatutoryjustification:Apersonmayhaveagooddefencetoanactionindelictifhecanshowthathisactsarecoveredbystatutoryauthority.SoRabcandefendbecau

15、seheandJamesiewereinvolvedincriminalactivity.Forexample:Ashtonv.Turner1981RTR54:ThecitedisHanlonv.Cuthbertson1981:Afemalepassengerinataxiwhowasinjuredasaresultofanaccidengandhetaxidriverarguedcontributorynegligencebecauseshewasnotwearingaseatbeltwhichotherwisehaveprotectedherintheaccident.Thecourtho

16、ldthepursuershouldhaveherdamagesreducedbytenpercentasaresultofthecontributorynegligencebyherself.Question3Inthecase,b?thebusdrivercanreduceliabilitybythedefenceofcontributorynegligence.Margaretshouldhaveherdamagesreducedby40%asaresultbecausetheactionofthebusdrivergoingacrossunderthetrafficlightchangetoamber,didn?tbr