新科普版八年级英语上册《Topic3TheInternetmakestheworldsmallerSectionB》课教案4

1、直接引语和间接引语引述或转述他人的话称为“引语”。直接引用他人的原话，两边用引号“”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述他人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实质上间接引语多数是宾语从句，此中由祈使句变换的间接引语除外，其变换后是不定式。那么直接引语为陈说句、一般疑问句、特别疑问句和祈使句，变换为间接引语时，句子的构造，人称、时态、时间状语和地址状语等都要有变化，怎样变化呢?(一)人称的转变直接引语中的第一人称，一般变换为第三人称，如：Hesaid，“Iamverysorry.”-Hesaidthathewasverysorry.直接引语中的第二人称，假如原话是针对转述人说的，变换为第一人称，如

2、：Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,myfathertoldme.MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.直接引语中的第二人称，假如原话是针对第三人称说的，变换成第三人称。如：Shesaidtoherson,“Illcheckyourhomeworktonight.”Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.人称的变换包含人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：Heaskedme“Willyougotothestationwithmetome

3、etafriendofminethisafternoon?”HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.总之，人称的变换不是固定的，详细状况，详细对待，要切合逻辑。(二)时态的变换直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词假如是过去时，从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变为过去时范围的各样时态(实质也是宾语从句的时态要求)，变化以下：一般此刻时-一般过去时此刻进行时-过去进行时此刻达成时过去达成时一般未来时-过去未来时一般过去时过去达成时过去达成时不变过去进行时不变如

4、：“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”she,said.-Shesaidshewasverygladtovisitourschool.Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”watchedTV.4)Heaskedtheconductor,“WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?”No.3bus.“Whyd

5、idsherefusetogothere?”theteacherasked.Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.Motheraskedme,“HadyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchedTV?”watchedTV.Tomsaid,“Wewerehavingafootballmatchthistimeyesterday.Tomsaidthattheywerehavingafootballmatchthattimethedaybefore.8)Hesaid，“Ihaventheardfrommyparentsth

6、esedays.”Hesaidthathehadntheardfromhisparentsthosedays.(三)时间状语、地址状语及某些对照性的指示代词和动词变化1now-thentoday-thatdayyesterday-thedaybeforelastweek(month)-theweek(month)beforetomorrow-thenext(following)daynextyear-theyearbeforetwodaysago-twodaysbeforethis-thatthese-those地址状语：here-there动词：come-bring-如：Shesaid,“I

7、wontgothereanymore.”-ntcomehereanymore.Hesaid,“Thiswillbefinishedtomorrow.-”befinishedthenextday.Paulsaid,“IvisitedChinalastyear.”-PaulsaidhehadvisitedChinatheyearbefore.(四)直接引语变为间接引语时，从句时态不必改变当主句的谓语动词是一般此刻时的时候，如：Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”tiredout.当主句的谓语动词是未来时的时候，如：Hewillsay,“Illtrymybesttohelpyou.

8、”hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelp当直接引语部分带有详细的过去时间状语时，如：Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”-thathewenttocollegein1994.当直接引语中有以when,while指引的从句，表示过去的时间时，如：Hesaid，“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.当直接引语是客观真谛或自然现象时，如：Ourteachersai

9、dtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.当引语是谚语、格言时，如：Hesaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”-Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.7.当直接引语中有神态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时，如：Thedoctorsaid,“Youdbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”thedocto

10、rsaidIdbetterdrinkplentyofwater.Hesaid,“Shemustbeateacher.”-ateacher.Hesaid,“Sheoughttohavearrivedherofficebynow.”Hesaidthatsheoughttohavearrivedherofficebythen.Theteachersaid,“Youneednthandinyourcompositionstoday.”ourcompositions.Sheasked,“MustItakethemedicine?”-totakethemedicine.注：此处用hadto取代must更好

11、8,别的转述中的变化要因实质状况而定，不可以机械照搬，假如当地转述，here不用改为there,动词come不用改为go，假如当日转述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不用改变。如：Teacher:Youmayhavetheballgamethisafternoon.StudentA:Whatdidtheteachersay,Monitor?Monitor;Hesaidwemighthavetheballgamethisafternoon.(五)直接引语变为间接引语，句子构造的变化陈说句。用连词that指引，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中

12、的said,也可用told来取代，注意，能够说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不行直接说toldthat,如：Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”-2hehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“IllgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”-dusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.(不行说toldthat)别的主句中的谓语还常有：repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declar

13、e,think等，又如：Hesaid，“Imlatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.”Heexplainedtousthathewaslatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.假如间接引语是由that指引的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词能够省略，此后的连词一般不省略，免得杂乱。Thedoctorsaid,“Youarenotseriouslyill,Youwillbebettersoon.Thedoctorsaid(that)IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.直接引语为一般疑问句，间接引语用连词wh

14、ether或if指引，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈说句的语序，这一点特别重要。Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,arentyou?”3.直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whetheror表达，而不用ifor，也不用eitheror如.：Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?

15、”Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”直接引语为特别疑问句，改成间接引语时，本来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈说句语序。如：Heasked，“Whatsyourname?”-Heasked(me)whatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.5.直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带to的不定式表达，谓语动词常是

16、ask,advise,tell,warn,order,request等。如asksb.todo，(由一定祈使句变为)asksb.nottodo(由否认祈使句转变)，而且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地址状语、人称实时态都作相应的变化。如：Hesaid，“Beseated,please.”-Heaskedustobeseated.“Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting.He”said.-Hetoldmetobecarefulwithmyhandwriting.“Nevercomehereagain!”saidtheofficernearby.-Theofficerordere

17、dthevillagersnevertogothereagain.“Donttouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission,”teachersaid.Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottotouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.有些含有“建议”、“劝说”的祈使句，可用suggest,insist,offer等动词转述，如：1)Hesaid,“Letshavearest.”-Hesuggestedourhavingarest.2)Hesaid,“Letmehelpyou.”-当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有

18、表示恳求，建议意义时，可用asksbtodosth./suggestdoing/advisesb.todosth.等形式转述。如：“Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?”heasked.-metoopenthedoor.2“Whynotgoingoutforawalk?”heaskedus.-ustogooutforawalk.或outforawalk.38.直接引语是叹息句时，变间接引语可用what或how指引，也可用that指引，如：Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!”-Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或小结：直接引语变间接引语

19、是口语社交中常常使用的语言变化形式，可依据详细的语言环境，作详细的使用，要灵巧运用。掌握好直接引语变间接引语也能促使对宾语从句的学习和运用。直接引语变间接引语时态不变的几种状况一般地，直接引语变间接引语时，时态要发生变化；但是，时态不变的状况主要有：1若直接引语表述的是客观事实、科学真谛和格言时。如：Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesroundthesun.”Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesroundthesun.Theoldmansaid,“Therearetwelvemonthsayear.”Theoldmansaidthatthere

20、aretwelvemonthsayear.2若直接引语所表述的事在当前和说话时相同有效时。如：Hesaid,“Iamaman,notawoman.”Hesaidthatheisaman,notawoman.Shesaid,“Ilikeplayingfootball.”Shesaidthatshelikesplayingfootball.3若直接引语为一般此刻时，且表示频频出现或常常性、习惯性的动作时。如：Tomsaid,“Ihavelunchatschooleveryday.”Tomsaidthathehaslunchatschooleveryday.4若主句的时态是一般此刻时、此刻进行时或一般未来不时。如：Heoftensays,“Iwillneverforgetyou.”Heoftensayshewillneverforgetme