英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略课件

1、英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略2022/10/2英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略2022/9/28英汉互译篇章翻译Translation of discourseWhat is the discourse?Discourse means either written or spoken communication. The term is often used in semantics and discourse analysis. 英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略Translation of discourseWhat i汉语定义篇章（text）是表达整体概念的语义单位。篇章是语言

2、在交际中，特别是在书面交际中的对象和理想单位。它不只是一连串句子和段落的集合，而是一个结构完整、功能明确的语义统一体。（陈宏薇）篇章翻译是指高于句子层次或句以上的语言单位的翻译。（王治奎）英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略汉语定义篇章（text）是表达整体概念的语义单位。篇章是语言篇章特征篇章它具有形式和逻辑的一致性。语篇并非是互不关联的句子的简单堆积，而是一些意义相联系的句子为达到一定交际目的，通过各种衔接手段而实现的有机结合。英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略篇章特征篇章它具有形式和逻辑的一致性。语篇并非是互不关联的句（一）A Comparison Between Chinese Discourse an

3、d English Discourse1.The Similarities 1.1 Cohesion (衔接）(cohesive devices)It concerns how the actual words we hear or see are mutually connected within a sequence.（词汇上的衔接关系）英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略（一）A Comparison Between Chines1.2 Coherence （连贯性）(coherent)It concerns the ways in which the components of the text

4、ual word are mutually accessible and relevant. (distribute knowledge or attain a object)（意义上的内在联系）英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略1.2 Coherence （连贯性）(coherent)2. The Differences2.1 Chinese DiscourseInductive（归纳性的） Spiral English Discourse Deductive（演绎性的）Straight英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略2. The Differences英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策 他出生在这一类人中间，出生

5、在这种地方，他还有这样的母亲，这些要是让他知道的话，他会多么丢人。 He knew how ashamed he would have been if she had known his mother and the kind of place in which he was born, and the kind of people among whom he was born.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略 他出生在这一类人中间，出生在这种地方，他还有这样的2.2 Parataxis VS HypotaxisChinese discourse -parataxis(意合）English disc

6、ourse-Hypotaxis (形合）Example(1)牡丹江水，汹涌澎湃，万马奔腾，一泻千里。Translation: Waves upon waves, the Peony River rushed violently down its long course like a horse galloping.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略2.2 Parataxis VS Hypotaxis英汉互2.3 Subject consciousness VS Object consciousnessChinese discourse-Subject consciousness(主体意识）-perso

7、n as subject（主语）English discourse-Object consciousness（客体意识）-Thing as subject英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略2.3 Subject consciousness VS General principles英汉语篇在结构形态和逻辑关系上相似时，一般可以采用“临摹”的办法，按照源语的发展思路，在译语中复制或基本照搬源语行文的建构方式。这种方法称作“逻辑顺组” （logic copying）。由于汉英在语言结构，语篇衔接模式，逻辑层次等方面存在很大的差异，汉英互译时往往需要进行 “逻辑重组” (logic reshuffling)

8、英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略General principles英汉语篇在结构形态和逻辑(二）衔接与连贯(cohesion and coherence )1 cohesionHalliday & Hasan 在Cohesion in English 中将英语的衔接手段分成五大类英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略(二）衔接与连贯(cohesion and coheren照应 reference替代 substitution省略 ellipsis词汇衔接 lexical cohesion 连接 conjunction英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略照应 reference英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略1.1 refe

9、rence (照应）Personal reference (人称照应）人称照应是通过人称代词(如 they, she, him 等）、所属限定词（如his, your, its 等）,和所属代词（hers, theirs， mine 等）和冠词指示代词来实现。英语人称代词以及相应的限定词的使用率大大高于汉语。英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略1.1 reference (照应）英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策 为了衔接紧密增译代词和冠词孔乙己是站着喝酒而穿长衫的唯一的人。他身材高大；青白脸色，皱纹间时常夹些伤痕；一部乱蓬蓬的花白的胡子。穿的虽然是长衫，可是又脏又破，似乎十多年没有补，也没有洗。（孔乙己）Kon

10、g was the only long-gowned customer to drink his wine standing. He was a big man, strangely pallid, with scars that often showed among the wrinkles of his face. He had a large unkempt beard, streaked with white. Although he wore a long gown, it was dirty and tattered, and looked as if it had not bee

11、n washed or mended for over ten years. (Tr. Yang Xianyi & Gladys Yang) 英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略 为了衔接紧密增译代词和冠词孔乙己是站着喝酒而穿长衫每年农历十二月二十以后，海岛上的居民便开始进入过年倒计时。先搞卫生，掸去一年尘土。接着准备食品，做年糕，炒倭豆、炒番薯片、打米花糖。二十五、二十六起，家家户户开始“谢年”：祀祖先。英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略每年农历十二月二十以后，海岛上的居民便开始进入过年倒计时。Every year after the 20th of the lunar 12th month, inhabit

12、ants on the island would start their countdown on the Spring Festival. They would sweep their houses clean, flickering every bit of dust off the furniture. After that they begin to prepare various foods: steamed New Year cakes, fried beans, fired sweet potato chips, and baked rice cookies. On the 25

13、th and 26th of the month, households start their “New Year Thanks-giving” rites to pay homage to their ancestors. 英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略Every year after the 20th of 1.2 Substitution (替代）Substitution could be found in Chinese language and English Language, but comparatively, it is used more frequently in Engl

14、ish Language.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略1.2 Substitution (替代）英汉互译篇章翻译甲：玛丽学近代文学，不学近代语言学。乙: 她学近代历史么？A：Mary studies modern literature and doesnt do modern linguistics.B：Does she do modern history?英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略甲：玛丽学近代文学，不学近代语言学。英汉互译篇章翻译原则与1.3 ellipsisChinese -repetitionEnglish-ellipsis近朱者赤，近墨者黑。Association with the g

15、ood can only produce good, with the wicked, evil.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略1.3 ellipsis英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作训练人的思维。Reading exercises ones eyes; speaking , ones tongue; while writing, ones mind.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略阅读训练人的眼睛，说话训练人的口齿，写作训练人的思维。英汉1.4 lexical cohesion (词汇衔接）Chinese- lexical repetition （词汇重复）Engli

16、sh-Semantic repetition（语义重复 or relative pronoun）英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略1.4 lexical cohesion (词汇衔接）英汉1）每年有2000多个等待器官移植的病人濒于死亡 （人体）器官的短缺非常严重。More than 2，000 patients are dying annually while waiting for transplant,The shortage of organs is so serious英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略1）每年有2000多个等待器官移植的病人濒于死亡 （人2)这个时候他来了，而这时我根本想不到他会来

17、。He came at a time when I least expected him.3)那是一个寒冷潮湿的晚上，这样的晚上大部分人呆在家里。It was one of those cold, wet evenings when most people stay indoors.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略2)这个时候他来了，而这时我根本想不到他会来。英汉互译篇章1.5 conjunction连接成分本身就具有明确含义，通过在语篇中使用这类连接性词语，“人们可以了解子句之间的语义联系，甚至可经前句从逻辑上预见后续句的语义。（胡壮麟，1994：92）英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略1.5 conju

18、nction英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略表示递进关系：also, too, furthermore, besides, moreover, in addition, what is more 表示因果关系：because, for. For this reason. Since, as a result, thus, therefore, so, consequently, of course, accordingly表示文章意义的转折或对比：although, however, on the contrary, still, but, otherwise, despite, neverthel

19、ess, though, in fact, on the other hand, as a matter of fact英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略表示递进关系：also, too, furthermore表示文章中事件发生的时空顺序：first, second, third after this/that, meanwhile, suddenly, and so on, then, before, next, formerly, later, finally in the end, at last表示列举：firstly, secondly, for one thing, for anothe

20、r; first of all, to begin with, then, last , in conclusion, last of all, to conclude表示举例、解释：for example, for instance, that is, namely, to illustrate表示总结：in short, to sum up, in conclusion, briefly, on the whole, to conclude, to summarize英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略表示文章中事件发生的时空顺序：first, second,本人在香港创业二十余年，历尽艰辛，虽在事

21、业上略有成就，但也饱尝人世间的风风雨雨。每次回乡总是得到家乡各级领导的热情接待，心头总有一种温馨的感受，一种到家的感觉。 英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略本人在香港创业二十余年，历尽艰辛，虽在事业上略有成就，但也It has been more than 20 years since I started my career in Hong Kong, where I have weathered through various hardships . My modest achievements in business also go along with multitudinous pains a

22、nd tears. As a result, every time when I return to my hometown, where I am given warm receptions by the local government leaders, my heart will be over flown with tenderness and affection, for it gives me a feeling of home. 英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略It has been more than 20 yeaReference指称2)Reference is greatly e

23、ncouraged to use in English discourse. But it is seldom adopted in Chinese discourse. 他双手插进口袋，然后耸了耸肩。He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略Reference指称英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略名落孙山孙山，滑稽才子也。赴举时，乡人托以子偕往。榜发，乡人子失意，山缀榜先归。乡人问其子得失，山曰： “ 解名尽处是孙山，贤郎更在山外。”英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略名落孙山英汉互译篇章翻译原

24、则与策略名落孙山： A name after the last one on the list.孙山，滑稽才子也: Sunshan was a talented scholar known for his sense of humour赴举时，乡人托以子偕往: Sunshan was about to set off to sit for an imperial civil examination at the country level when a villager came to ask him to accompany with his son who was leaving for

25、the same purpose.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略名落孙山： A name after the last on榜发，乡人子失意，山缀榜先归。When the list of successful candidates was published/ made public, the villagers son turned out a failure, and Sunshans name was, by good fortune, the last one on the list, Sunshan first hurried home with glad news.乡人问其子的失，山曰

26、The villager was extremely anxious and asked him about his sons fortune. Sun replied suggestively in verse.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略榜发，乡人子失意，山缀榜先归。英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略解名尽处是孙山，贤郎更在孙山外。”Sun Shan is at the end of the name-list, your worthy son comes after Sunsan.英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略解名尽处是孙山，贤郎更在孙山外。”英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策（三）Translation Te

27、chniques1）如果静思太久，觉得孤独了，不妨翻开你可爱的书，书会使你轻松让你充实。（2）在静静的空间里读一本好书，如同冬日里围坐一盆炭火与挚友谈心。（3）平日，因工作太忙，或交际太繁，你难得与古今中外的智者交谈。（4）而今，你却可以凝神倾听他们的教诲了。（5）在静心的阅读中，你的学识逐渐得到增长。（6）你也可以依随自己的爱好，去干任何一件感兴趣的事。（7）静静地听一段音乐，专注地画几笔画，认真摆一盘残局，甚至翻翻往日影集，想念一番遥远的朋友。（8）这些，无一不是人生的快乐。 英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略（三）Translation Techniques1）如果静1）如果静思太久，觉得孤独了

28、，不妨翻开你可爱的书，书会使你轻松让你充实。（1）When loneliness comes over you as a result of too much thinking, a favorite book will ease your mind and broaden your horizons. 点评： shift of perspective(视角转化）, combination（合并),amplification(增词）英汉互译篇章翻译原则与策略1）如果静思太久，觉得孤独了，不妨翻开你可爱的书，书会使你2）在静静的空间里读一本好书，如同冬日里围坐一盆炭火与挚友谈心。Reading a good book is like having a fireside c