直升机英语词汇

1、英文释义中文释义备注说明一、基础词汇1、直升机种类single-rotorhelicopter单旋翼带尾桨式直(withtailrotor)升机tandemrotorshelicopter纵列式双旋翼直升机side-by-siderotorshelicopter横列式双旋翼直升机coaxialrotorshelicopter共轴双旋翼式直升机tip-drivenrotorshelicopter叶尖推动式直升机tiltrotorshelicopter倾转旋翼式飞机autogyro旋翼机compoundhelicopter复合式直升机2、常有作使劲thrust推力加上coefficient，即相应

2、系数，例：升力系数lift升力propulsion推动力跟发动机相关的profiledrag型阻力aerodynamicdrag气动阻力dragforce阻力centrifugalforce离心力parasitedrag废阻力protuberancedrag因为机身崛起物所带来的阻力nose-down/noseupmoment低头力矩/仰头力矩关于迎角来说，仰头为正，低头为负3、直升机的一些零件rotorshaft旋转轴mainrotoraxis主旋翼轴aft尾部fairing整流装置机身包含nose-section、fuselage机身corss-sectionshape、afterbody

3、taper、camber几个部分组成auxiliarycomponents协助元件gasturbineengine燃气涡流发动机pistonengine活塞式发动机hub桨毂controlcolumn驾驶杆cockpit驾驶舱能够回收的起落架retractionundercarriagelandinggear起落架(轮式的是wheel，雪橇式的是skid)enginenacelle发动机舱deflector变流装置canopy座舱罩airframe机身主要相对气动剖析而言的观点propeller螺旋桨（推动器）相对旋翼机而言articulatedrotorhinglessrotor铰接式旋翼无

4、铰式旋翼铰接articulation4、数学观点equationformulaiterativenon-dimensionalizecoefficentempiricalfactordimensionlessquantityharmonictermssecondharmoniccontrolnumericalmethodlinearizationofsmallperturbationpolynomialvectorsumdisplacementevaluate等式公式迭代的无因次化系数经验系数无因次量各阶谐波项二阶谐波控制数值方法小扰动线性化多项式矢量和位移求的值5、直升机的基本参数rotor

5、diameterrotorradiusdiscloadingfigureofmerittwist/negative桨盘半径单位桨盘载荷相对效率扭度/负扭centerofgravity重心angularvelocity角速度chordlength弦长spanwisewidth展向宽度solidityfactor实度collectivepitch总距span叶素全长Locknumber洛克数power-to-weightration功重比pitch俯仰roll滚转head偏航sweepback后掠角stiffness刚度刚体的:rigidconingangle锥度角anglefoincidence

6、(attack)迎角offset偏置常用在挥动铰偏置中Aspectratio展弦比二、直升机空气动力学1、滑流理论英文释义中文释义备注说明momentumtheory滑流理论verticalflight垂直飞翔hover悬停indescent/verticaldescent/verticalclimb降落/上涨inducedpower/velocity引诱功率/速度outflow流出流inflow流入流disc桨盘streamtube流管线flowpattern流型steady/unstead定常/非定常downwash/upwash下洗流/上洗流kineticenergy动能compress

7、ibilityeffect压缩性效应tiploss叶尖损失2、叶素理论BladeElementTheory/ElementaryBladeTheory叶素理论sectionshape剖面inflowangle来流角airfoil翼型bladeincidence桨叶迎角liftslop升力线斜率bladespan翼展（相关于旋翼而言）leadingedgeblade前缘trailingedge后缘桨叶沿半径从内向外分为三个部分：inboard、mid-span、tippartsnon-uniformflow非均匀来流idealtwist儒氏旋翼blademeanliftcoefficient均匀

8、升力系数与升力系数不是同一个观点3、涡流理论部分英文释义中文释义备注说明tipvortex桨尖涡vortex-ring(state)涡环（状态）vortex的复数vorticesturbulent-wakestate紊流状态wakevortices尾迹涡vortexcylinder涡柱面trailingvortexsystem尾迹涡系wakevortices尾迹streamwisevortices流向涡discrete分别的三、前飞理论部分英文释义中文释义备注说明advanceratio行进比advancingside前行桨叶retreatingside后行桨叶flappingmotion挥动

9、运动flappinghinge挥动铰flappingcoefficient挥动系数regionofreversedflow反流区EquilibriumEquation力均衡方程Coriolisforce/moment哥氏力/哥氏力力矩interiaforce/moments惯性力restrainingforce拘束力gravitationalforce/moments重力/力矩damping阻尼mechanicaldamper机械阻尼器gyroscopicmoment陀螺力矩crosscoupling交错耦合oscillatorybendingstress振荡曲折应力rollmoment滚转力

10、矩resultantforce/moment协力/协力矩AbecommunicatedtoB力A传到Blead-laghinge摆振铰featheringhinge变距铰oncomingstreamdirection迎流方向referenceplane参照面separatedflow气流分别全称:retreatingbladestallbladestalling桨尖失速全称:advancingbladecompressiblitydragriseazimuthangle方向角shockinducedflowseperation激波-气流分别stallingcharacteristic失速特征f

11、reestreamdynamicpressure自由来流动压boundarylayer附面层asymmetry/symmetry不对称/对称flowreversl气流反向horizontaltailplane水平平定面verticalfin垂直平定面lateral/longitudinalcycliccoefficient横向/纵向周期变距headwind顶风tailwind顺风四、性能计算部分：英文释义中文释义备注说明performanceassessment性能评估helicopterperformancecalculation直升机性能计算groundeffect地面效应autorota

12、tion自转飞翔highrateofclimb悬停升限windtunneltest风洞测试patrol/loitertask巡航飞翔cruisespeed巡航速度weightcapability承重能力rateofclimb爬升率absoluteceiling绝对升限serviceceiling适用升限optimumspeed最正确速度minimumrateofdescent最小降落率maximumedurance/loitertime最大续航时间maximumglidedistance最大航行距离maximumrange最大航行里程maximumspeed最大速度specificrange比航程dihedralaction上反作用longitudinal/lateraltrimequation纵向/横向配平方程shaftpower轴功率powerrequirement需用功率inducedrequirement引诱功率