2019年12月六级真题卷(三套全)

1、2019年12月六级真题卷(三套全)2019年12月六级真题卷(三套全)23/232019年12月六级真题卷(三套全)2019年12月六级第一套PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofhavingasensefamilyresponsibility.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)Section

2、ADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1with

3、asinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Magazinereporter.B)Fashiondesigner.C)Websitedesigner.D)Featureseditor.2.A)Designingsportsclothing.B)Consultingfashionexperts.C)Answeringdailyemails.D)Interviewingjob-seekers.3.A)Itischallenging.B)Itisfascinating.C

4、)Itistiresome.D)Itisfashionable.4.A)Herpersistence.B)Herexperience.C)Hercompetence.D)Herconfidence.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationsyouhavejustheard.5.A)Itisenjoyable.B)Itiseducational.C)Itisdivorcedfromreallife.D)Itisadaptedfromadrama.A)Alltherolesareplayedbyfamousactorsandactress.Itisbasedon

5、thereal-lifeexperiencesofsomecelebrities.ItsplotsandeventsrevealalotaboutFrankiesactuallife.Itiswritten,directed,editedandproducedbyFrankiehimself.7.A)Gotothetheaterandenjoyit.B)Recommendittoherfriends.C)Watchitwiththeman.D)Downloadandwatchit.8.A)Ithasdrawncriticismsfromscientists.B)Ithasbeenshowing

6、foroveradecade.C)Itisaridiculouspieceofsatire.D)Itisagainstcommonsense.Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B)

7、,C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthecenter.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Theyarelikelytogethurtwhenmovingtoofast.Theybelieveinteamspirit.Theyneedtokeepmovingtoavoidgettinghurt.Theyhavetolearnhowtoavoidbodycontact.A)Theydonothavemanyyea

8、rstoliveafterretirement.Theytendtolivelongerwithearlyretirement.Theydonotstartenjoyinglifeuntilfullretirement.Theykeepthemselvesbusyevenafterretirement.11.A)Itpreventsusfromworrying.B)Itslowsdownouragingprocess.C)Itenablesustoaccomplishinlife.D)Itprovidesuswithmorechancestolearn.A)Ittendstodwellupon

9、theirjoyousexperiences.Itwandersforalmosthalfoftheirwakingtime.Ithastroubleconcentratingalterabraininjury.Ittendstobeaffectedbytheirnegativefeelings.A)Tofindhowhappinessrelatestodaydreaming.Toobservehowonesmindaffectsonesbehavior.Toseewhydaydreamingimpactswhatoneisdoing.Tostudytherelationbetweenheal

10、thanddaydreaming.14.A)Ithelpsthemmakegooddecisions.B)Ithelpsthemtaptheirpotentials.C)Itcontributestotheircreativity.D)Itcontributestotheirthinking.A)Subjectswithcleargoalsinmindoutperformedthosewithoutcleargoals.Thedifferenceinperformancebetweenthetwogroupswasinsignificant.Non-daydreamersweremorecon

11、fusedontheirtasksthandaydreamers.Daydreamersdidbetterthannon-daydreamersintaskperformance.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Similaritiesbetweenhumanbabiesandbabyanimals.Cognitivefeaturesofdifferentnewlybornmammals.Adultsinfluenceonchildren.Abilitiesofhumanbabies.A)Theycandistin

12、guishahappytunefromasadone.Theylovehappymelodiesmorethansadones.Theyfallasleepeasilywhilelisteningtomusic.Theyarealreadysensitivetobeatsandrhythms.21.A)Infantsfacialexpressions.B)Babiesemotions.C)Babiesinteractionwithadults.D)Infantsbehaviors.A)Itmayharmthecultureoftodaysworkplace.Itmayhinderindivid

13、ualcareeradvancement.Itmayresultinunwillingnesstotakerisks.Itmayputtoomuchpressureonteammembers.A)Theycanhardlygiveexpressiontotheiroriginalviews.Theycanbecomelessmotivatedtodoprojectsoftheirown.Theymayfindithardtogettheircontributionsrecognized.Theymayeventuallylosetheirconfidenceandcreativity.24.A

14、)Theycanenlargetheirprofessionalcircle.B)Theycangetchancestoengageinresearch.Theycanmakethebestuseoftheirexpertise.D)Theycancompletetheprojectmoreeasily.A)Itmaycauselotsofargumentsinateam.Itmaypreventmakingatimelydecision.Itmaygiverisetoalotofunnecessaryexpenses.Itmaydepriveateamofbusinessopportunit

15、ies.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionAinthebankmorethanonce.Whenconsideringriskfactorsassociatedwithseriouschronicdiseases,weoftenthinkabouthealthindicatorssuchascholesterol,bloodpressure,andbodyweight.Butpoordietandphysicalinactivityalsoeachincreasetheriskofheartdiseaseandhavearoletopla

16、yinthedevelopmentofsomecancers.Perhapsworse,the26effectsofanunhealthydietandinsufficientexercisearenotlimitedtoyourbody.Recentresearchhasalsoshownthat27inahigh-fatandhigh-sugardietmayhavenegativeeffectsonyourbrain,causinglearningandmemory28.Studieshavefoundobesityisassociatedwithimpairmentsincogniti

17、vefunctioning,as29byarangeoflearningandmemorytests,suchastheabilitytorememberalistofwordspresentedsomeminutesorhoursearlier.Thereisalsoagrowingbodyofevidencethatdiet-inducedcognitiveimpairmentscanemerge30-withinweeksorevendays.Forexample,onestudyfoundhealthyadults31toahigh-fatdietforfivedaysshowedim

18、pairedattention,memory,andmoodcomparedwithalow-fatdietcontrolgroup.Anotherstudyalsofoundeatingahigh-fatandhigh-sugarbreakfasteachdayforaslittleasfourdaysresultedinproblemswithlearningandmemory32tothoseobservedinoverweightandobeseindividuals.Bodyweightwasnothugelydifferentbetweenthegroupseatingahealt

19、hydietandthoseonhighfatandsugardiets.Sothisshowsnegative33ofpoordietaryintakecanoccurevenwhenbodyweighthasnotchanged34.Thus,bodyweightisnotalwaysthebestindicatorofhealthandathinpersonstillneedstoeatwellandexercise35.A)assessedF)designatedK)loopholesB)assignedG)detrimentalL)rapidlyC)consequencesH)dig

20、estionM)redundantD)conspicuouslyI)excellingN)regularlyE)deficitsJ)indulgingO)similarSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseapara

21、graphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.IncreasedScreenTimeandWellbeingDeclineinYouthAHaveyoungpeopleneverhaditsogoodOrdotheyfacemorechallengesthananypreviousgenerationallisnotwellforouryouth.Andoneofthemostpopularexplanations

22、,amongsomeexpertsandthepopularmedia,isthatexcessive“screentime”istoblame(Thisreferstoalltheattentionyoungpeopledevotetotheirphones,tabletsandlaptops).However,thisisaconnectiontheoryandsuchclaimshavebeentreatedskepticallybysomescholarsbasedontheirreadingoftherelevantdata.NowastudyinthejournalEmotionh

23、asprovidedanothercontributiontothedebate,uncoveringstrongevidencethatadolescentwellbeingintheUnitedStatesreallyisexperiencingadeclineandarguingthatthemostlikelycauseistheelectronicricheswehavegiventhem.Thebackgroundtothisisthatfromthe1960sintotheearly2000s,measuresofaveragewellbeingwentupintheUS.Thi

24、swasespeciallytrueforyoungerpeople.Itreflectedthefactthatthesedecadessawaclimbingeneralstandardsoflivingandavoidanceofmasssocietaltraumaslikefull-scalewaroreconomicdeprivation.However,the“screentime”hypothesis,advancedbyresearcherssuchasJeanTwenge,isthatelectronicdevicesandexcessivetimespentonlinema

25、yhavereversedthesetrendsinrecentyears,causingproblemsforyoungpeoplespsychologicalhealth.CToinvestigate,Twengeandhercolleaguesdivedintothe“MonitoringTheFuture”datasetbasedonannualsurveysofAmericanschoolstudentsfromgrades8,10,and12thatstartedin1991.Intotal,millionyoungpeopleansweredvariousquestionsrel

26、atedtotheirwellbeing.Twengesteamsanalysisoftheanswersconfirmedtheearlier,well-establishedwellbeingclimb,withscoresrisingacrossthe1990s,andintothelater2000s.Thiswasfoundacrossmeasureslikeself-esteem,lifesatisfaction,happinessandsatisfactionwithindividualdomainslikejob,neighborhood,orfriends.Butaround

27、2012thesemeasuresstartedtodecline.Thiscontinuedthrough2016,themostrecentyearforwhichdataisavailable.Twengeandhercolleagueswantedtounderstandwhythischangeinaveragewellbeinghasoccurred.However,itsveryhardtodemonstratecausesinnon-experimentaldatasuchasthis.Infact,whenTwengepreviouslyusedthisdatatosugge

28、stascreentimeeffect,somecommentatorswerequicktoraisethisproblem.Theyarguedthathercausal-soundingclaimsrestedoncorrelationaldata,andthatshehadnotadequatelyaccountedforotherpotentialcausalfactors.Thistimearound,Twengeandherteammakeapointofsayingthatthattheyarenottryingtoestablishcausesassuch,butthatth

29、eyareassessingtheplausibilityofpotentialcauses.First,theyexplainthatifagivenvariableisplayingacausalroleinaffectingwellbeing,thenweshouldexpectanychangeinthatvariabletocorrelatewiththeobservedchangesinwellbeing.Ifnot,itisntplausiblethatthevariableisacausalfactor.Sotheresearcherslookedattimespentinan

30、umberofactivitiesthatcouldplausiblybedrivingthewellbeingdecline.Lesssport,andfewermeetingswithpeerscorrelatedwithlowerwellbeing,asdidlesstimereadingprintmedia(newspapers)and,surprisingly,lesstimedoinghomework(Thislastfindingwouldappeartocontradictanotherpopularhypothesisthatitisourburdeningofstudent

31、swithassignmentsthatiscausingalltheproblems).Inaddition,moreTVwatchingandmoreelectroniccommunicationbothcorrelatedwithlowerwellbeing.Alltheseeffectsheldtrueformeasuresofhappiness,lifesatisfactionandself-esteem,withtheeffectsstrongerinthe8thand10th-graders.FNext,Twengesteamdugalittledeeperintothedata

32、onscreentime.Theyfoundthatadolescentswhospentaverysmallamountoftimeondigitaldevicesacoupleofhourshadthehighestwellbeing.Theirwellbeingwasevenhigherthanthosewhoneverusedsuchdevices.However,higherdosesofscreentimewereclearlyassociatedwithlowerhappiness.Thosespending10-19hoursperweekontheirdeviceswere4

33、1percentmorelikelytobeunhappythanlower-frequencyusers.Thosewhousedsuchdevices40hoursaweekormore(oneintenofteenagers)weretwiceaslikelytobeunhappy.Thedatawasslightlycomplicatedbythefactthattherewasatendencyforkidswhoweresocialintherealworldtoalsousemoreonlinecommunication,butbybracketingoutdifferentca

34、sesitbecameclearthatthereal-worldsocialitycomponentcorrelatedwithgreaterwellbeing,whereasgreatertimeonscreensoronlineonlycorrelatedwithpoorerwellbeing.GSofar,soplausible.Butthenextquestionis,arethedropsinaveragewellbeinghappeningatthesametimeastrendstowardincreasedelectronicdeviceusageItlookslikeita

35、fterall,2012wasthetippingpointwhenmorethanhalfofAmericansbeganowningsmartphones.Twengeandhercolleaguesalsofoundthatacrossthekeyyearsof2013-16,wellbeingwasindeedlowestinyearswhereadolescentsspentmoretimeonline,onsocialmedia,andreadingnewsonline,andwhenmoreyouthintheUShadsmartphones.Andinasecondanalys

36、is,theyfoundthatwheretechnologywent,dipsinwellbeingfollowed.Forinstance,yearswithalargerincreaseinonlineusagewerefollowedbyyearswithlowerwellbeing,ratherthantheotherwayaround.Thisdoesnotprovecausality,butisconsistentwithit.Meanwhile,TVusedidntshowthistracking.TVmightmakeyoulesshappy,butthisisnotwhat

37、seemstobedrivingtherecentdeclinesinyoungpeoplesaveragehappiness.HAsimilarbutreversedpatternwasfoundfortheactivitiesassociatedwithgreaterwellbeing.Forexample,yearswherepeoplespentmoretimewithfriendswerebetteryearsforwellbeing(andfollowedbybetteryears).Sadly,thedataalsoshowedface-to-facesocializingand

38、sportsactivityhaddeclinedovertheperiodcoveredbythesurvey.ThereisanotherexplanationthatTwengeandhercolleagueswantedtoaddress:theimpactofthegreatrecessionof2007-2009,whichhitagreatnumberofAmericanfamiliesandmightbeaffectingadolescents.Thedatasetdidntincludeeconomicdata,soinsteadtheresearcherslookedatw

39、hetherthe2013-16wellbeingdeclinewastrackingeconomicindicators.Theyfoundsomeevidencethatsomecrudemeasures,likeincomeinequality,correlatedwithchangesinwellbeing,buteconomicmeasureswithamoredirectimpact,likefamilyincomeandunemploymentrates(whichputfamiliesintodifficulties),hadnorelationshipwithwellbein

40、g.Theresearchersalsonotethattherecessionhitsomeyearsbeforeweseethebeginningofthewellbeingdrop,andbeforethesteepestwellbeingdecline,whichoccurredin2013.Theresearchersconcludethatelectroniccommunicationwastheonlyadolescentactivitythatincreasedatthesametimepsychologicalwellbeingdeclined.Isuspectthatsom

41、eexpertsinthefieldwillbekeentoaddressalternativeexplanations,suchasunassessedvariablesplayingaroleinthewellbeingdecline.Butthenewworkdoesgofurtherthanbeforeandsuggeststhatscreentimeshouldstillbeconsideredapotentialbarriertoyoungpeoplesflourishing.TheyearwhenmostAmericansbeganusingsmartphoneswasident

42、ifiedasaturningpointinyoungAmericanslevelofhappiness.ScoresinvariouswellbeingmeasuresbegantogodownwardamongyoungAmericansinrecentyears.Unfortunately,activitiesinvolvingdirectcontactwithpeople,whichcontributedtobetterwellbeing,werefoundtobeonthedecline.Inresponsetopastcritics,Twengeandherco-researche

43、rsstresstheyarenottryingtoprovethattheuseofdigitaldevicesreducesyoungpeopleswellbeing.Inthelastfewdecadesofthe20thcentury,livingstandardswentupandeconomicdepressionswerelargelyavertedintheUS.41.Contrarytopopularbelief,doinghomeworkmightaddtostudentswellbeing.Theauthorbelievestheresearchersnewstudyha

44、sgoneastepfurtherregardingtheimpactofscreentimeonwellbeing.Theresearchersfoundthatextendedscreentimemakesyoungpeoplelesshappy.44.Datarevealsthateconomicinequalityratherthanfamilyincomemightaffectpeopleswellbeing.45.Toomuchscreentimeiswidelybelievedtobethecauseofunhappinessamongtodaysyoungpeople.Sect

45、ionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthe

46、followingpassage.“Thedangerousthingaboutlyingispeopledontunderstandhowtheactchangesus,”saidDanAriely,behavioralpsychologistatDukeUniversity.Psychologistshavedocumentedchildrenlyingasearlyastheageoftwo.Someexpertsevenconsiderlyingadevelopmentalmilestone,likecrawlingandwalking,becauseitrequiressophist

47、icatedplanning,attentionandtheabilitytoseeasituationfromsomeoneelsesperspectivetomanipulatethem.But,formostpeople,lyinggetslimitedaswedevelopasenseofmoralityandtheabilitytoself-regulate.HarvardcognitiveneuroscientistJoshuaGreenesaid,formostofus,lyingtakeswork.Instudies,hegavestudysubjectsachancetode

48、ceiveformonetarygainwhileexaminingtheirbrainsinafunctionalMRImachine,whichmapsbloodflowtoactivepartsofthebrain.Somepeopletoldthetruthinstantlyandinstinctively.Butothersoptedtolie,andtheyshowedincreasedactivityintheirfrontalparietalcontrolnetwork,whichisinvolvedindifficultorcomplexthinking.Thissugges

49、tsthattheyweredecidingbetweentruthanddishonestyandultimatelyoptingforthelatter.Forafollow-upanalysis,hefoundthatpeoplewhoseneuralrewardcentersweremoreactivewhentheywonmoneywerealsomorelikelytobeamongthegroupofliarssuggestingthatlyingmayhavetodowiththeinabilitytoresisttemptation.Externalconditionsals

50、omatterintermsofwhenandhowoftenwelie.Wearemorelikelytolie,researchshowswhenweareabletorationalizeit,whenwearestressedandfatiguedorseeothersbeingdishonest.Andwearelesslikelytoliewhenwehavemoralremindersorwhenwethinkothersarewatching.“Weasasocietyneedtounderstandthat,whenwedontpunishlying,weincreaseth

51、eprobabilityitwillhappenagain,”Arielysaid.Ina2016studypublishedinthejournalNatureNeuroscience,Arielyandcolleaguesshowedhowdishonestyalterspeoplesbrains,makingiteasiertotellliesinthefuture.Whenpeopleutteredafalsehood,thescientistsnoticedaburstofactivityintheiramygdala.Theamygdalaisacrucialpartofthebr

52、ainthatproducesfear,anxietyandemotionalresponsesincludingthatsinking,guiltyfeelingyougetwhenyoulie.Butwhenscientistshadtheirsubjectsplayagameinwhichtheywonmoneybydeceivingtheirpartner,theynoticedthenegativesignalsfromtheamygdalabegantodecrease.Notonlythat,butwhenpeoplefacednoconsequencesfordishonest

53、y,theirfalsehoodstendedtogetevenmoresensational.Thismeansthatifyougivepeoplemultipleopportunitiestoliefortheirownbenefit,theystartwithlittleliesandgetbiggerandbiggerovertime.WhydosomeexpertsconsiderlyingamilestoneinachildsdevelopmentItshowstheyhavetheabilitytoviewcomplexsituationsfromdifferentangles

54、.Itindicatestheyhaveanabilitymoreremarkablethancrawlingandwalking.Itrepresentstheirabilitytoactivelyinteractwithpeoplearoundthem.Itinvolvesthecoordinationofboththeirmentalandphysicalabilities.WhydoestheHarvardneuroscientistsaythatlyingtakesworkA)Itisdifficulttosoundnaturalorplausible.B)Itishardtocho

55、osefromseveraloptions.Itinvolveslotsofsophisticatedmentalactivity.D)Itrequiresspeedybloodflowintoonesbrain.UnderwhatcircumstancesdopeopletendtolieA)Whentheybecometooemotional.B)Whentheyfacetoomuchpeerpressure.C)Whenthetemptationistoostrong.D)Whentheconsequencesarenotimminent.49.Whenarepeoplelesslike

56、lytolieA)Whentheyarewornoutandstressed.B)Whentheyareunderwatchfuleyes.C)Whentheythinkinarationalway.D)Whentheyhaveaclearconscience.50.WhatdoestheauthorsaywillhappenwhenaliardoesnotgetpunishedA)Theymayfeeljustified.B)Theywilltellbiggerlies.C)Theywillbecomecomplacent.D)Theymaymixliesandtruths.PassageT

57、woQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.HereshowthePacificNorthwestispreparingfor“TheBigOne”.ItsthemotherofalldisasterdrillsforwhatcouldbetheworstdisasterinAmericanhistory.Californiahasspentyearspreparingfor“TheBigOne”theinevitableearthquakethatwillundoubtedlyunleashallkindsofhavocalongthefam

58、ousSanAndreasfault.ButwhatifthefaultthatrunsalongthePacificNorthwestdeliversagiganticearthquakeofitsownIfthepeopleoftheCascadiaregionhaveanythingtodowithit,theywontbecaughtunawares.Theregionisengagedinamulti-dayearthquakeandtsunamidrillinvolvingaround20,000people.TheCascadiaRisingdrillgivesarearesid

59、entsandemergencyrespondersachancetopracticewhattodoincaseofamagnitudeearthquakeandtsunamialongoneofthenationsdangerousandunderestimatedfaults.TheCascadiaSubductionZoneisbigenoughtocompetewithSanAndreas(itsbeencalledthemostdangerousfaultinAmerica),butitsmuchlesserknownthanitsCaliforniacousin.Nearly70

60、0mileslong,theearthquakezoneislocatedbytheNorthAmericanPlateoffthecoastofPacificBritishColumbia,Washington,OregonandNorthernCalifornia.Cascadiaiswhatsknownasa“megathrust”fault.Megathrustsarecreatedinsubductionzoneslandplateboundarieswheretwoplatesconverge.Intheareaswhereoneplateisbeneathanother,stre