否定疑问句的构成和用法

1、否定疑问句的构成和用法反意疑问句是在陈述句后边加上一个简短问句，对陈述句所叙述的内容提出相反的疑问，这种 句子就叫作反意疑问句。反意疑问句可以表示真实的疑问，也可以表示提问人的倾向、强调或 反问。如果陈述句是肯定句时，后边的反意疑问句通常要用否定式;反之,如果陈述句是否定句 时，后边的反意疑问句通常要用肯定式。陈述句和后边的反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人 称、数、时态通常要保持一致。例如：He speaks English，doesnt he?Mary wont do it，will she?Lies cannot cover up the facts, can they?回答反意疑问句和回

2、答一般疑问句一样，肯定回答用Yes, +肯定结构;否定回答用No, +否定 结构。这与汉语习惯有所不同。例如：-Hes a doctor, isnt he?他是医生,对吧？-Yes, he is.对，他是医生。（No, he isnt不，他不是医生。）-He isnt a doctor, is he?他不是医生,对吧？-Yes, he is.不，他是医生。（No, he isnt对，他不是医生。）在使用反意疑问句时，特别要注意以下几点：当动词have作有讲时，可以有两种反意疑问句形式。例如：He hasnt any sisters, has he?He doesnt have any sist

3、ers, does he?当have表示其它含义（如:经历、遭受、得到、吃）讲时,只有一种反意疑问句形式：You all had a good time, didnt you?He often has colds, doesnt he?They had milk and bread for breakfast, didnt they?如果陈述句的谓语动词含有have to, had to时，反意疑问句通常用其适当形式。例如：We have to get there at 8 a.m. tomorrow, dont we?They had to take the early train, did

4、nt they?need和dare既可以作情态动词,又可以作实义动词,注意有两种反意疑问句形式。例如：You neednt hand in your paper today, need you?You dont need to hand in your paper today, do you?He dare ask the teacher, dare not he?He doesnt dare to ask the teacher, does he?如果陈述句的谓语动词含有used to时，也可以有两种反意疑问句形式。例如：He used to live in London, usednt/

5、didnt he?如果陈述句中出现 never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, rarely, few, little, nobody, no one, nothing等含有否定意义的词时,反意疑问句通常要用肯定式。例如：She seldom goes to the concert, does she?He has few good reasons for staying, has he?如果陈述句中的主语是不定式短语、动名词短语、从句、everything或nothing时，反意 疑问句通常要用it作主语。例如：To sell/ Selling newspaper wa

6、s his job, wasnt it?What he said is true, isnt it?Everything is all right, isnt it?如果陈述句中的主语是不定代词 everybody, everyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, each of等时,反意疑问句通常要用they或he作主语。例如：Somebody borrowed my bike, didnt they/ he?Each of them passed the exam, didnt they?No one was hurt, was he/were t

7、hey?8.如果陈述句用I am时,反意疑问句通常要用arent I?。例如：Im late, arent I?9如果陈述句是含有宾语从句的复合句式，反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态 通常要与主句保持一致。例如：He never said that he would come, did he?I told that not everyone could do it, didnt I?但是,如果陈述句是I dont think (believe, suppose, imagine等)含有宾语从句的复合句式 ，反意疑问句的主语以及谓语动词的人称、数、时态通常要和从句保持一致，并且要用肯

8、定式。 例如：I dont think the lady can complete the difficult job alone, can she?I dont believe he knows it, does he?10.如果陈述句是含有there be结构时，反意疑问句要用there，省去主语代词.英语中的反意疑问句反意疑问句，又名附加疑问句，是英语中疑问句形式的一种。这一结构由第一部分提出看法, 第二部分提出质疑。如果第一部分为肯定形式，第二部分通常用否定形式；第一部分为否定 形式，第二部分就用肯定形式，两部分的时态要一致。例如：It is a fine day, isnt it?I

9、t isnt a fine day, is it?从功能上讲，特别是在口语中，同样是反意疑问句，通过使用不同语调所表达的语意却 大不相同。传统的解释是，句子后半部分读作轻声调时，表示信息咨询；句子后半部分读作 降调时，含有期望对方肯定之意。反意疑问句从语言功能上讲有犹豫不决、避免冲突等底 蕴。这与西方文化对女性社会角色的认定相吻合，故多为女子所使用。其次，来自方言变体 的研究表明，在英语文化中，反意疑问句常用来表示纡尊降贵的言外之意，暗含明显的优 越感。近年来，在我国的大学英语四、六级考试中，反意疑问句的考点屡有出现。例如在2002 年 6 月 CET-4 中 43 题为：There has

10、been a great increase in retail sales,?A) does there B) isnt there C) hasnt there D) isnt it这该如何选择？反意疑问句是较容易掌握的一种语言现象，但在具体应用时，当主句中 含有特殊的词或词组，或主句为一种特殊句型时，有的学习者往往犹豫不决。针对这种情况, 笔者总结了以下几点，希望能对学习者有所帮助。一、当主句的主语或谓语为特殊的词或词组时：当陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, someone, no one , nobody, somebody等合成词或词组时，反意疑问句部分的主语

11、在非正式文体中，往往用they,有时 也用he;而当陈述部分的主语为this, that, everything, nothing, something等时，反意 疑问句部分的主语用it,如：Somebody called on him yesterday, didnt they?当陈述部分是there存在句时，反意疑问句主语也用there。如：There is no way out, is there?因此在上述考题中，应选C。当陈述部分带有表示所有含义的have时，反意疑问句部分既可用have引导，也 可用do引导，但当have不表示所有含义时，附加疑问句必须用do引导。You have

12、a good friend, havent you / dont you?We had a good time in the city, didnt we?当陈述部分主语为used to时，反意疑问句部分动词可用used to或did形式引导, 如：Your father used to drink a lot, usednt he / didnt he?当陈述部分的主语是one时，反意疑问句部分的主语在正式场合用one,在非正式场 合用you,如：One should be happy in this situation, shouldnt one/ shouldnt you?6如果陈述部分

13、的动词或形容词是加否定前缀构成的，则反意疑问句中动词仍用否定， 如：He is unmarried, isnt he?而当陈述部分的主语为nothing时，则反意疑问句中动词用肯定，如：There is nothing left, is there?当陈述部分为ought to时，反意疑问句部分可用should引导，也可用ought to形 式，如：He ought to go by train, shouldnt/oughtnt he?当陈述部分带有情态动词need,dare时，反意疑问句部分一般由need,dare等构成, 如：The boy neednt make such a loud

14、 noise, need he?但当need ,dare作行为动词时，则应按行为动词构成反意疑问句的方法，即加助动词 来构成反意疑问句部分。当陈述句部分为动词wish时，反意疑问句用may的肯定形式，如:I wish to shake hands with you, may I?当陈述句部分含有情态动词must时，要根据must的具体含义而定。1）当陈述部分的must表示一定，”想必等推测意义时，反意疑问句部分不用must, 而必须根据must后的动词而采用相应的助动词来构成反意疑问句。如：You must be very happy, arent you？He must have taugh

15、t English for many years, hasnt he?2）当陈述部分的must表示必须的含义时，反意疑问句部分用mustnt，如：They must hand in their papers right now, mustnt they?3）当陈述部分的must表示有必要时，反意疑问句部分用neednt，如：He must go now , neednt he?4）当陈述部分为mustnt表示禁止时，反意疑问句部分用must，如：You mustnt smoke in the room, must you?二、当主句的主语或谓语动词为特殊结构时：当陈述部分为Im.结构时，反意疑

16、问句一般为arent I,如：I am right, arent I?当陈述部分为youd better或youd rather时，反意疑问句用hadnt you或 wouldnt you, 如：Youd better finish your homework, hadnt you?动词不定式，动名词短语或其他短语作陈述句部分的主语时，反意疑问句的主语通常 用it，如：To get rid of a bad habit is not easy, is it?三、当主句为特殊句型时：当陈述句是一个主从复合句，反意疑问句部分一般应根据主句的谓语动词而定，但当 陈述句为并列复合句时，依后一句谓语而定

17、，如：Its not colder than it was yesterday, is it?但当主句是I suppose, I think, I believe等结构时，反意疑问句往往应根据从句的主、 谓来定，但要注意否定的转移。如：I dont suppose he is serious , is he?2.祈使句也可用反意疑问句，其谓语形式通常用情态动词will, shall, can等构成，如:Pass me the sugar, will you?Dont talk like that, will you?如果是否定祈使句，反意疑问句部分则用all right, OK等，如：Lets

18、 not go to the park, OK?由Lets引导的祈使句的反意疑问句部分用shall we或will you,这取决于us的含义。 当us包括说者与听者在内，陈述部分形式为Lets，疑问部分用shall we，而当us只指听 者，陈述部分形式为Let us,疑问部分用will you,如：Lets try harder, shall we?Let us go now, will you?3.感叹句的反意疑问句，其动词用to be的现在时，而且通常为否定，如：What a fanny man, isnt he?四、特殊形式的反意疑问句陈述部分与附加部分同时都是肯定或否定，则表示说话

19、人怀疑、嘲讽的态度。如：Your car is outside, is it?He doesnt like his job, doesnt he?有时反意疑问句部分主语为you,与陈述句主语不同，此时，反意疑问句相当于How about you? What do you think of it?其谓语也跟主句谓语一致。如：I hope they wont have to wait all day, dont you?因此，英语中的反意疑问句是一种既简单又复杂的语言现象，在我们的学习中，不但要 能够全面地掌握其用法，还要能够在正确的场合中正确地使用，这对于我们外语学习者是非 常重要的。1.当陈述

20、部分的主语是I,而句子又用来征询对方的意见时，附加疑问句中的主语用you。 女口：I find English very interesting, dont you?I dont like that film, do you?2 .当陈述部分的主语是 everybody, everyone, someone, nobody, no one, somebody等合成代词时，附加疑问句中的主语通常用they。但亦可用he,尤其是nobody, no one等作主语，具有否定概念时。如：Somebody phoned while I was out, didnt they?Everyone enjo

21、yed the party, didnt they?Nobody wants to go there, does he?当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything, nothing, anything, something时，附 加 疑问句中的主语一般用it,不用they。如：Everything seems all right now, doesnt it?Nothing is kept in good order, is it?Something must be done to stop pollution, isnt it?当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that或these,

22、 those时，附加疑问句中的主语分 别用it和they。如：This is important, isnt it?That isnt correct, is it?These are your friends Tom and Jack, arent they?5.如果陈述部分是以代词one作主语，附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one，非 正式场合用you,在美国英语中，在非正式场合还可以用he。如：One cant be too careful, can one?或 can you?One should do his duty, shouldnt he?6如果陈述部分用Im.结构，附加疑问部

23、分一般用arent I。如：I am strong and healthy arent I。当陈述句为there be结构时，附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如：Theres no help for it, is there?Theres something wrong, isnt there?陈述部分带有 seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little,nowhere, nothing 等否定词或半否定词时，附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如：Bob rarely got drunk, did he?Few people know him, do the

24、y?She seldom goes to the cinema, does she?如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀，那么，该陈述部分作肯定处理，附加疑问部 分一般仍用否定形式。如：He was unsuccessful, wasnt he?Tom dislikes the book, doesnt he?当陈述部分为主从复合句时，附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对 应关系。如：She says that I did it, doesnt she?I told them not everybody could do it ,didnt I?但当陈述部分的主语是I，谓语是think,

25、 believe, suppose, expect这类动词时， 附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意否定的转移。I suppose that hes serious isnt he?I dont think she cares, does she?当陈述部分是并列句，附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如：Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now, shouldnt he?11.在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中，附加疑问部分一般用wil

26、l you, wont you, would you,有时也可用 can you, cant you, why dont you, could you 等。如：Dont open the door, will you?Give me some cigarettes, can you?Take a rest, why dont you?但是，以lets开头的祈使句，附加疑问部分用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句，如果 含义是allow us，不包括听话人在内，疑问部分用will you。如：Lets have a basketball match this afternoon, sh

27、all we?Let us go out for a rest, will you?当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时，疑问部分用mustnt。如：You must work hard next term, mustnt you?I must answer the letter, mustnt I?但若表推测这层含义时，不能用must，而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构(即must 之后的动词)以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如：You must have made a mistake, havent you?They must have seen the film last week, di

28、dnt they?He must be in the library, isnt he?当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时，疑问部分可用usednt或didnt。如：The old man used to smoke, didnt he?或 usednt he?Tom used to live here, usednt he?或 didnt he?14当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时，疑问部分用oughtnt或shouldnto 如：He ought to know the answer, oughtnt he?We ought to read this book, oughtnt

29、 we?或 shouldnt we?15.当陈述部分含有had better时，疑问部分用had。女如 DYoud better finish your homework now, hadnt you?感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时，且常用否定形式。如：What a clever boy, isnt he?What a lovely day, isnt it?陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时，疑问部分的 主语通常用it。如：Learning how to repair motors takes a long time, doesnt it?Between

30、 six and seven will suit you, wont it?Where to hold the meeting has not been decided, has it?在口语和非正式文体中，为了加强语气，只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽 刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答，这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如：Oh, he is a writer, is he?Youll not go, wont you?陈述句中的谓语动词是wish，表示愿望时用may，且用肯定形式。如：I wish to have a chance to learn English, may I?当陈述部分带

31、有表示“所有”含义的动词have (has)时，疑问部分既可用have 形式，也可用do形式。如：You have a new bike, havent you (或 dont you) ?She doesnt have any money in her pocket, does she?反意疑问句的巩固练习： TOC o 1-5 h z dont think that the necklace is made of diamond,?do I B. do you C. isnt it D. is itHis wife had the carpets and the curtains clea

32、ned,?hadnt B. had C. didnt she D. did she3.Its my sons wedding next week, and I have to do my best for that,?havent I B. dont I C. dont he D. isnt it TOC o 1-5 h z Harry wouldnt become a teacher if it hadnt been for the holiday, ?would he B. had it C. would it D. had heNo one left here yesterday,?didnt theyB. did they C. didnt one D. did oneBirds rarely build nests in our garden,?dont they B. do they C. didnt they D. did theyYou must h