英汉互译复习资料

1、供复习用（供第二轮复习用）20140603翻译技巧课后练习一、回答问题何谓翻译？（开放式问题）翻译的过程是什么？翻译是技能、艺术还是科学？（开放式问题）翻译的标准是什么？一名合格翻译工作者应具备什么样的素质？（开放式问题）钱钟书先生关于文学翻译的标准是什么？二句子翻译练习，注意语境对翻译选词的影响见第3章：英汉词义对比与翻译中根据语境选词句子翻译练习：注意语境对翻译选词的影响After he had a row with his wife at home he had a row with his mistress on the lake.Needing some light to see b

2、y, theburglar crossed the room with a light step tolight the lightwith the light green shade.Lead as an element that gets into your body is absorbed into the bones and thus does harm to your health.Child enrolment is also affected by household size, birth order, livestock ownership and the ability o

3、f the household to absorb economic shocks.You could tell he was absorbed in his conversation, and not paying much attention to the road.As luck would have it, no one was in the building when the explosion occurred.As luck would have it, there was rain on the day of the picnic.He made a wise choice.W

4、e went away, as wise as we came.People praised highly the hero s glorious deeds.He had lied to me and made me the tool for his wicked deeds.Under the direction of the teachers, he has made great progress.Under the direction of Hitler and Mussolini, Franco started a civil war.For 15 years, Dr. Neil T

5、odd has been searching for cats. Not big cats, like lions or tigers or pumas or leopards; nor fancy cats, like overbred Persians or Abyssinians or Siamese or Angoras.谁说他从不喝酒？你看，他喝起白酒来，一杯又一杯的。Keys to Exercises在家里同妻子吵架后，他与情人在湖上泛舟。夜贼需要一点亮光来看东西，便蹑手蹑脚穿过房间，点亮了那盏带浅绿色灯罩的灯。进入体内的铅元素被吸收进骨骼，从而对身体产生危害。儿童报名入学还受到很

6、多因素是影响，包括家庭规模、出生顺序、牲畜饲养情况以及家庭消解经济意外的能力。可以看出，当时他只顾着说话，没有太注意路上的情况。幸运的是，爆炸发生时，楼里没有人。不幸的是，野餐的那天下起了雨。他做出了明智的选择。我们离开时跟进来的时候一样，仍然一窍不通。人们高度赞扬这位英雄的光辉事迹。他欺骗了我，使我成了他从事罪恶勾当的工具。在老师的指导下，他取得了长足的进步。在希特勒和墨索里尼的唆使下，佛朗哥发动了一场内战。15年来，内尔托德先生一直在找猫，不是大型猫科动物，如狮子、老虎、美洲狮、美Who says he never drinks? Look, he is really a chain dr

7、inker of spirit.三句子翻译练习，注意英译汉时的省译与汉译英时的增译见第四章：英译汉的省译与增译No man is too old but he may learn.The boy entered the room, his coat wet through.When Danone decided to set up manufacturing operations in Indonesia to locally produce dairy products and milkbased drinks, they invited Wahaha to join them.Mr. Li

8、 ordered a book and it has just arrived.In winter, additional trains operate directly from Goschenen to Brig on Saturdays and Sundays.She looks like any other little girl in her first year at school: a smart uniform, a happy smile and a bag of books.While Einsten is supposed to have been so distract

9、ed by solving problems that he forgot to put on his socks, Sidis simply did not know how to dress himself properly even by the time he was an adolescent.She went, with her neat figure, and her sober womanly step, down the dark street.Almost 500,000 additional primary school pupils arrived to enroll

10、on the first day of school, double the number anticipated.Everything is satisfying and we are confident of our success.11大部分发展中国家独立后，在发展民族经济、改变贫穷落后面貌、缩小同发达国家之间的差距等方面取得了很大进 步。Keys to Practice活到老，学到老。男孩子走进屋里，大衣都湿透了。达能决定在印度尼西亚开展生产业务，在当地生产乳制品和牛奶饮料时，邀请哇哈哈加入。李先生订了一本书，现在刚到。冬季，美国星期六和星期日还增开从格申恩到布拉格的直达列车。她看起来

11、跟一年级其他小女孩一样：漂亮的校服、开心的笑容和装满书本的书包。爱因斯坦可能由于沉迷解决问题二忘记穿袜子，希迪斯甚至到了青年时代还不知如何正确她顺着黑暗的街道走去，显出利落匀称的身材，迈着女人端庄的步子。入学的第一天，又有近50万小学生报名读书，是预期人数的两倍。一切进展顺利，我们相信能够成功。Most developing countries have made great progress in developing their economy, shaking off their poverty and backwardness and narrowing the gap between

12、 themselves and developed countries.四句子翻译练习，注意语态转译 第5章(p98)EXERCISETranslate the following sentences, paying attention to the conversion of the voices:1.She told me that her master had dismissed her. No reason had been assigned; no objection had been made to her conduct . She had been forbidden to a

13、ppeal to her mistress.He was guided in his everyday life by an unshakable conviction that moral values are absolute.Not only politeness but reverence is demanded in church.felt uneasy for the whole day as I was aroused from deep sleep by the ringing of the telephone early in the morning.5.It has bee

14、n decided that the fund will be distributed to those who need help badly.6.If there is any confusion or misunderstanding in the application, the patent might not be granted or the inventor might not be fully protected.Rainbows are formed when sunlight passes through small drops of water in the sky.

15、8.Selenology is founded on the data collected by shuttles.Governments of low-income countries must be persuaded to give greater priority to education in their discussions with donors, and to allocate to it a greater share of the savings from debt relief.To help the partners achieve their objectives

16、in line with the new concept, marketing and sales activities in conjunction with tourist partners, especially those for the Davos-Zermatt connection, will be intensified.The girl is hard to get along with.敬请告知开户行和账户号以便我方尽快汇款。练习答案她告诉我男主人解雇了她，没有说明任何理由，对她的行为没有任何意义，也不许她向女主人求情。日常生活中他有一条不可动摇的信念，那就是：道德标准高于

17、一切。或：日常生活中，一条不可动摇的信念指引着 他，那就是：道德标准至高无上。教堂里不仅要有礼貌，还要有虔诚的态度。清晨电话铃声把我从梦中吵醒，我一天都无精打采。已经决定将这部分资金拨给那些急需帮助的人。若申请中有令人费解或误解之处，则不授予专利权，也不为发明人提供充分保护。彩虹是阳光穿过天空中的小水滴时形成的。或阳光穿过天空中的小水滴时形成了彩虹。月球学是在宇宙飞船收集到的数据的基础上建立的。或：在宇宙飞船收集到的数据的基础 上建立了月球学。必须说服低收入国家政府在与捐助国进行商谈时，将教育放在更优先的位置，并将债务减免款中的更大份额分配给教 育部门。为帮助合作双方按照新设想实现目标，将进一

18、步和旅游伙伴共同举办市场推广和销售活动，尤其是与达沃斯-采尔马 特路线有关的上述活动。这女孩很难相处。Your information as to your opening bank and account number would be appreciated so that the remittance could be done as soon as possible.25.Electric currents can be classified into two kinds: direct and alternating.五句子翻译练习，注意定语从句的处理第七章定语从句1.Our rec

19、ords show that a large group of young people, about 95% of them boys, are computer freaks who live for nothing but the machine.Home workers are people who have made decisions regarding their careers and life-styles.have amassed the first-hand data which serve to prove my argument to be tenable.The c

20、ook turned pale, and asked the housemaid to shut the door, who asked the tinker, who presented not to hear.They also want the park to attract more venture capital, which was introduced in the Park in 2000.Through this initiative,3,900 children with disabilities have been successfully integrated into

21、 regular schools, where they received personalized support.The front garden was a gravel square; four evergreen shrubs stood at each corner, where the y struggle to survive the dust and fumes from a busy main road.After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into

22、the night.Before Rivera left for Mexico, he made a crucial trip to Italy, where he studied the work of Giotto, Uccllo, Piero della Francesca, Mantegna, and Michelangelo.We illustrate the phenomenon through the example of Lenovo, which now ranks as the 3rd largest company in the world in the PC marke

23、t, after the acquisition of 旧M sPC Division in 2004.Then he was seen by the first policeman, who shouted at him and began to run toward him.The ambassador was giving a dinner for a few people whom he wished especially to talk to or to hear from.机器翻译虽然在过去几十年有了长足的发展，但近期内还是无法完全取代人工翻译。练习答案（参考译文）1、 我们的记录

24、表明，许多年轻人，其中95%是男孩，成了电脑迷，电脑是他们生活的唯一内容。2、在家工作的人是按照自己的职业和生活方式做出这种选择的。3、我所搜集的第一手资料足以证明我的论点是正确的。4、厨子的脸色变得苍白，要女仆把门关上，女仆叫布立特尔关，布立特尔又叫补锅匠关，补锅匠装作没听见。5、 他们还希望该工业园吸引更多的风险资本，实际上，该工业园2000年已经吸引了风险资本。6、通过该行动，3900名残疾儿童成功进入了常规学校，在那里，他们获得了个性化支持。7、前面的园子是个沙砾铺成的正方形：四个角上各有一丛冬青，它们在来自繁忙大街的尘烟中挣扎着生长。8、饭后，四个主要谈判人物继续进行会谈，一直谈到深

25、夜。9、里唯拉回墨西哥之前，去了一趟意大利，这次旅行非常重要，在那里，他研究了乔托、乌切罗、皮耶罗.德拉.弗兰西 斯卡、曼特尼亚和米开朗基罗的作品。10、 我们以联想为例阐述该现象，因为联想自2004年收购 旧M的PC分部后已成为世界PC市场的第三大公司。11、接着，第一名警察看到了他，便向他大喊，并开始向他奔来。12、大使只宴请了几个人，因为他特别想和这些人谈谈，听听他们的意见。13、Machine translation, which has enjoyed great development in the past decades, cannot totally replace huma

26、n translation.六句子翻译练习，注意长句的分析及翻译第八章There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them.Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance.We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes, can see cl

27、early in the night.You must grasp the concept of “ hwoisrkve” ry wimhpicortant in physics.He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for.Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man.Men become desperate for work, any work, which wil

28、l help them to keep alive their families.For any machine whose input and output forces are known, its mechanical advantage can be calculated.They have built up a new college here, where students will be trained to be engineers and scientists. trlyl to get an illustrated dictionary dealing with techn

29、ical terms, which will enable me to translate scientific literature more exactly.练习答案（参考译文）这个方案富于创造性，独具一格，很有魄力，因此他们都很喜欢。铜的电阻很小，所以广泛地用来传输电力。我们知道，由于猫的眼睛比我们人的眼睛能吸收更多的光线，所以猫在黑夜也能看的很清 楚。你必须掌握“功”的概念，因为它在物理学中很重要。他坚持要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要尽管电子计算机有许多优点，但是它们不能进行创造性工作，也不能代替人。人们拼命想得到工作，不管什么工作，只要能维持一家人的生活就行。对于任何机器来说，如果

30、知其输入力和输出力，就能求出其机械效率。他们在这里建了一所学院，以培养科技人才我要设法弄一本有插图的技术名词词典，以便把科学文献译得更准确。七句子翻译练习，注意英汉思维差异对翻译的影响第11章 英汉翻译中语序的调整1.So in 2003,Mr.Li, the CEO of TCL, met with Charles Dehelly, the CEO of Thomson , to discuss a possible alliance between the two television giants.As the TCL_Thomoson alliance was crumbling ,

31、Thomson announced it was acquiring an8%stake in konka, another Chinese TV manufacturer, and one of TCL s major competitors.Much sother ,less personal , problem was the cultural provincialism of the Norwegian government, but this he soon overcame.Time magazine of June 17,1996 devoted a good deal of i

32、ts issue to discussing people who are the most influential in the country in their opinion.There won t be any profit unless those kids enable you to make all the deliviesr on time.6.If it works once, it can work twice.His escape was nothing short of a miracle.Herby maybe dying somewhere, calling out

33、 for his mum and dad, and with only strangers round him.北京首信股份有限公司是我国最大的移动通信终端，移动通信系数及数据通信等产品研发，生产，销售和系统集成的 高新技术企业之一。展望未来，本公司将坚定多元化经营战略格局，在生产规模化，经营国际化，管理现代 化，队伍职业化的目标指引 下，努力成为一家综合型国际金融投资企业。练习答案（参考译文） 所以，2003年，TCL的首席执行官李先生会见了汤姆逊的首席执行官查尔斯.戴利，讨论两家大型电视机公司 结盟 的可行性问题。就在TCL 汤姆逊联盟瓦解之际，汤姆逊宣布将收购另一家中国电视机制造商康佳集

34、团8%的股份，而后者又是TCL 的主要竞争对于之一。蒙克遇到的另一个问题不是个人问题，而是挪威整个环境下的文化地方主义，但他很快克 服了这一难题。4.1996年6月17日的时代周刊以大量篇幅讨论他们心目中这个国家最具影响力的人物。5.一次得手，二次不愁。那些孩子不帮你按时将这些东西送出去，你就什么利润也得不到。他的逃跑是个奇迹。赫伯这 会儿也许在什么地方快要死了，嘴里正喊着爹呀娘呀的，身边也没个亲人。Beijing Capital Co.,Ltd.is the largest Chinese hi-tech enterprises specialized in R&D, manufacturi

35、ng and sales ofcommunication products.10.looking ahead, we will continue to pursue our diversified operation and strive to become a comprehensive international investment company with scale business, internationalized operation, modernized and a professionalized team.九篇章翻译练习原文 1 （ passage 2, page 25

36、4）1911年，在一个小县城里边，我生在一个小地主的家里。那县城差不多就是中国的最东最北部一一黑龙江省，所以一年 之中，倒有四个月飘着白雪。父亲常常为着贪婪而失掉了人性。他对待仆人，对待自己的女儿，以及对待我的祖父都是那样的吝啬而疏远， 甚至于无情。有一次，为着房屋租金的事情，父亲把房客的全套马车赶了过来。房客的亲属们哭着，诉说着，向着我的祖父 跪了下来，于是祖父把两匹棕色的马从车上解下来还了回去。为着这两匹马，父亲向祖父起着终夜的争吵。“两匹马，咱们是不算什么的，穷人，这两匹马就是命根。”祖 父这样说着，而父亲还是争吵。九岁时，母亲死去。父亲也就变了样，偶然打碎一只杯子，他就要骂到使人发抖的

37、程 度。后来就连父亲的眼睛也转 了弯，每从他的身边经过，我就像自己的身上生了针刺一样：他斜视着你，他那高傲的眼光从鼻梁经过，嘴角而往下流 着。 译文：In 1911, I was born in a minor landlord s family in aosumntaryll ctown in Heilongjiang,China s farthest northeastern province where it snows for four months of the year. My father was so greedy that he almost became inhumane.

38、 To his servants, children and even his father, he was just as miserly / ma?z?li （小气的） and indifferent, or heartless for that matter. Once due to a tenants delay in rent paying, my father detained （扣留）his carriage and horses. The tenants family knelt in front of my grandpa, pleading（恳求）for mercy wit

39、h tears in their eyes. My grandpa unharnessed （解下马具）the two brown horses from the cart and gave them back to the tenant. Over this, my father quarreled with my grandpa for the whole night.“Two horses do not meanmuch to us, ” said my grandpa, “ but -thbeloyoadrteolitfhee poor. ” But my father bickere

40、d（争吵 ）on.My mother died when I was 9 years old and my father became even more bad-tempered. If you accidentally broke a cup, he would keep cursing you until you shivered all over.Later even his eyes could cast crooked （弯曲）glances. Whenever I passed by him, he would eye me sideways with his arrogant

41、look streaming down the bridge of his nose and then off the corner of his mouth, making me feel as if pricked on needles.原文 2：Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. Don t be afraid of those who might have a better idea or who might even be smarter than you are. David Ogilvy, founder of

42、 the advertising firm Ogilvy& Mather, made this point clear to his newly appointed office heads by sending each a Russian nesting doll with five progressively（逐步 ）smaller figures inside. His message was contained in the smallest doll, “If each of us hires people who are smaller than we are, we shall

43、 become a company of dwarfs. But if each of us hires people who are bigger than we are, Ogilvy &Mather w ill become a company of giants.And tha” tis precisely what the companybecomesone of the largest and most respected advertising organizations in the world.译文：总是给予他人应得的荣誉。不要害怕别人有更好的主意或比你更聪明。奥美国际广告公

44、司的创始人大卫奥格威送给每一位新任命的部门经理一个俄罗斯套娃。套娃里面共有五个娃娃，一个比一个小。他的赠言放在最小的娃娃里：“如果我们每个人都聘用比自己矮小的人，那我们公司就会成为 侏儒公司。如果我们每个人都聘用比自己高大的人，奥美将成为 巨人公司。”该公司恰恰成为了巨人公司一一世界上 规模最大、声望最高的广告公司之一。原文3：Any science may be likened to a river, says a Johns Hopkins biologist, Professor Carl P. Swanson. “ It has its obscure and unpretentiou

45、s beginning; its quiet stretches as well as its rapids; its periods of drought as well as of fullness. It gathers momentum with the work of many investigators and as it is fed by other streams of thought. It is deepened and broadened by the concepts and gen eralizati ons that are gradually evolved.S

46、o it is with the scie nee of biological con trol in its moder n sen se. In U.S, it has its obscure begi nning a cen tury ago with the first attempts to in troduce n atural en emies of in sects that were proving troublesome to farmers, an effort that sometimes moved slowly or not at all, but now and

47、again gathered speed and momentum under the impetus of an outstanding success霍普金斯大 学生物学家卡尔斯旺森教授说“每一门科学都可以比作一条河。其源头隐隐约约，并不引 人注目；水流时而平缓，时而湍急；有汛期，也有枯水期。许多人从事研究工作，各种思想 像支流一样注入其中，这条河势头逐渐加强。新的概念和结论陆续产生，又使得河流变得更深更宽。”现代生物控制学就是如此。一百年前，这门科学在美国创立时，源头可谓隐隐约约。当时，农民备受某些昆虫之 苦。人们第一次尝试引进昆虫的天敌杀灭昆虫，该项工作有时有些进展，有时则毫无进展，有

48、时又因引进了一项突出的成就而加快速度，发展迅猛。原文4苏州，始称吴，又名“吴门、“姑苏”，位于长江三角洲，面积8848.4平方公里（其中古城为14.2平方公里），人口 570余万.境内河流湖泊密布，京杭大运河纵贯南北。是 著名的江南水乡。苏州是我国著名的风景旅游城市，享有“人间天堂”之美 誉。苏州，是吴文化的重要发源地，苏绣，绘画、篆刻、昆曲、评弹、苏剧以及饮食、服饰、语言等融汇成丰富内容。苏州素有“鱼米之乡”、“丝绸之府”、“工艺之都”，是江南富庶丰裕之地。改革开放以来， 发展更为迅速，已成为长江三角洲重要的经济中心之一。外向型经济成为苏州经济的重要支柱，目前世界500强企业中已有77家来苏

49、投资办厂，5个国家级和10个省级开发区保持着 良好的发展势头。改革开放以 来，发展更为迅速，已成为长江三角洲（delta）重要的经济 中心之一。 译文：Suzhou, originally known as“ Wd and later as “ Wumen iansituateGusiin八thjeYangtze Delta with an area of 8,848 square kilometers （including 14.2 kilometers of the Old Town） and a population of over 5.7 million. It is known as

50、 “Veniceof China” as lakes and waterways （水路，航道）are densely located within it and the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal runs through it from north to south. （节选自 264 页，有改动。）Suzhou, a renowned Chin ese city of scenic spots and tourist attract ion, is reputed as “paradise on earth . It is the cradle of Wu cultur

51、e, reflected in Suzhou embroidery, painting, seal engraving, Kunqu Opera, Suzhou Ballad （民谣，伤感的情歌）Singing, and Suzhou Opera as well as the local gastronomy （美食学）,costumes and dialect.Long known as “Land of Fish and Rice ” , “Home of Silk ” , and “Capital of Arts andCrafts ” Suzhou is a land of plent

52、y （富裕）in the Yangtze Delta. With accelerated development since the adoption of reform and opening up policy, it has become an economic center in the lower reaches （下游）of the Yan gtze River. Export-orie nted economy has become the main stay of Suzhou s economy. Up to now , 77 out of the world s top 5

53、00 enterprises have set up their factories in Suzhou and 5 national and 10 provincial development zones maintain great mome ntum. 原文5：随着信息时代的来临，知识更新日新月异，我们穷极一生的学习成果与人类的知识总量相比，犹如沧海一粟。幸 运的是，搜索引擎已经成为人类获取新知识的有效手段。人类有一种未被认识的能力叫做“搜商”它是人们借助工具 获取新知识的能力，即搜索能力。从问路、查地图、翻阅图书资料，到使用搜索引擎，都是人类搜商的体现。搜商强调的是你所获得的知识和所花

54、费的时间的比值，是智商和情商悬而未决的遗留问题一一效率问题。我们 不得不承认，即使人类拥有再高的智商，再多的大脑容量，再充足的生命时间，也不能满足理解和储存全部人类知识的 要求。同时，人类生产的许多知识对于个体来说往往是无用的。因此，我们必须在海量知识中快速搜索出对自己有用的 矢口识。 译文 5： With the coming /advent（至。来 ）of the information age, knowledge keeps changing. Our lifelong learning will only be a drop in the bucket compared with t

55、he total knowledge produced by human beings. Fortunately, the searching engine has become an effective means in acquiring knowledge. Human beings have an unidentified capability called“ s（eaSrcQhin）g，quotientwhich refers to the ability to acquire knowledge with the aid of tools, namely, the capabili

56、ty of searching. Asking the way, checking the map, and looking through literature as well as using the searching engine are all embodiment of SQ.SQ stresses the ratio of knowledge acquired to the time spent on such acquirement and thus concerns our efficiency, whi ch can t be done by our IQ or EQ. There is