Module 4 Great Scientists基础练-2021-2022学年外研版高中英语必修四

1、Module 4 Great Scientists 兽悔阅读理解（一）AOnce Wilhelm K. Roentgen and several other scientists were experimenting with passing electric currents through certain gases in a special glass tube from which the air had been taken away. Then one day Roentgen noticed that though the tube was covered with black

2、paper, some strange kinds of radiation （辐射） were coming through and making a screen nearby give out light. Roentgen could see nothing out of the tube. But then he discovered that if he put the screen in the next room on the other side of the closed door, the rays still seemed to affect it. The scree

3、n showed that the rays could pass not only through the black paper but also through wood.The next thing he found out was that if he put his hands between the rays and a photographic plate, the rays would print a shadow of the bone framework of his hands on the plate. In fact, the rays could pass as

4、easily through the fleshy （肉的）part of his hand as through the black paper, but hardly at all through the bone. So Roentgen made the first X-ray picture of a hand showing just how the bones in the hand fitted together.Roentgen called these unknown rays X-rays, but other scientists called them Roentge

5、n rays in honor of the man who first found them.What was in the special glass tube?A. Air. B. Water. C. Gases. D. Paper.According to this text, Roentgen discovered X-rays.by accidentthrough his hard workby doing lots of experimentswith the help of several other scientistsWhat can X-rays hardly pass

6、through?A. Wood. B. Bones. C. Flesh. D. Black paper.What can be the best title for the text?The Discovery of X-raysThe First X-ray Picture of a HandThe Discovery of Electric CurrentsThe Use of Rays and Photographic PlatesBAlmost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shop

7、ping cart. They will in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know-or even think to ask-who it was that invented them.Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of put

8、ting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.On June 4, 1937, Goldmans first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn,t w

9、ait to see them using his invention.But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they werent using his carts. Dont you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket? o

10、ne shopper replied.But Goldman wasn5t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping. Seeing this, the real customers gradually beg

11、an copying the phony （假的）customers.As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come-those who came bought more.Todays shopping carts are five times larger than Goldmans original model. Perhaps thafs one reaso

12、n why Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937一the coming of the shopping cart.What does the underlined part chrome-plated contraptions in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. Suitcases. B. Shopping carts.C. Baskets. D. Private cars.What was the purpose o

13、f Goldman5s invention?To make shopping easier and attract more business.To help the old do shopping easily in his market.To reduce the burden of his employees work.To prove him to be a good inventor.Why did Goldman hire a group of people to push carts around his market?To keep the groceries from bei

14、ng stolen.To attract people to buy things in his market.To make his market different from the others.To encourage people to use his shopping carts.What can we infer from the last paragraph about Goldman?He becomes very famous because of his invention.His invention has had a great effect on food indu

15、stry.His invention gives a great idea to todays shopping carts.Supermarket business has benefited a lot from his invention.（二）AMany scientists first determined they loved science in the classroom. Here are some of them that spend their lives spreading their love of science.Maria ChristoforakiChristo

16、foraki is a high school student at the Lyceum of Gazi in Greece. In June 2017, she was part of a team from her school that competed in the European CanSat Competition. This is a contest in which teams build models of satellites （卫星）.Much creativity is requiredand Christoforaki says that is the best

17、part.Kelly KnightKnight is a forensic （法医的） scientist-someone who uses scientific techniques to help solve crimes. Shes a professor at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia. But thafs not all she does. ulm also a Zumba instructor and I have my motorcycle license, “ she says. Shes still workin

18、g on getting a motorcycle, though.Sara MacSorleyMacSorley has a degree in science, who doesnt work in a laboratory but is now the director of the Green Street Teaching and Learning Center at Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. She spends her time promoting education. MacSorley still love

19、s science. Shes now working on a coloring book about women in science, technology, engineering and math.Erin WinickWinick was a student in mechanical engineering at the University of Florida in Gainesv川e. As an engineer, she also runs her own company, Sci Chic, making science and engineering-inspire

20、d jewelry （珠宝）.Her science creativity also goes beyond jewelry. 41 love making and wearing space and science-inspired clothing, she says.Where does Maria Christoforaki start her love for science?A. At school. B. At home.C. In the lab. D. In a company.What is Kelly Knights hobby?A. Music. B. Travelin

21、g.C. Motorcycling. D. Clothes design.What was Sara MacSorley trained to be?A. A teacher. B. A scientist.C. A writer. D. An engineer.What can we learn about the four women from the text?They have a great love in science.They are working in scientific labs.They are scientists with other skills.They st

22、arted their love in science early.BMost of the time, people wear hats to protect themselves from harsh weather conditions. Hats are also worn to show politeness and as signs of social position. But nowadays, hats, especially women5s hats, are much more than that. More exactly, hats have changed into

23、 fashion and style symbols by many movie stars. whafs more, people now consider many different features when choosing even a simple hat. Many designers point out that, when choosing the right hat, its important to consider the color of your skin as well as your hair, your height, and the shape of yo

24、ur face.First of all, the color of the hat should match the color of your skin and hair. For instance, black hats should be avoided if you are dark skinned. If a purple hat is placed on top of red hair, one will look as attractive as a summer flower. Second, the height of the hat is also an importan

25、t point. Tall women should not go for hats with tall crowns, just as short women should choose hats with upturned brims （帽沿）to give the look of height. Third, and most importantly, the shape of the face decides the kind of hat one should pick. A small, gentle hat that fits the head looks good on a s

26、mall face. However, women with big, round faces should choose a different style.As the saying goes, Tine feathers make fine birds.” A good hat can not only help your dress but also support your features, so why not choose the best possible one next time you want to be in public?What does the underli

27、ned word “harsh” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Good. B. Poor. C. Strange. D. Different.According to the article, what kind of women would look most attractive?A big-faced woman who wears a small, nice hat.A short red-haired woman who wears a purple hat.A small dark-skinned woman who wears a black

28、hat.A tall woman who wears a hat with a huge upturned brim.What does the last paragraph suggest?Hats can make you look much taller.Hats are not as important as character.Hats can help you look better in public.Hats are worn on the head to keep warm.What can be the best title for the text?How to Desi

29、gn a Nice HatHow to Choose a Proper HatHow to Improve Your FeaturesHow to Show Your Social Position（三）If you could have one superpower, what would it be?Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds, see through walls, or have superhuman strength may sound silly, but it actually gets to the he

30、art of what really matters in your life.Every day in our work, we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world.They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess： The power to make a difference in the lives of others.Were not saying that everyone ne

31、eds to contribute their lives to the poor. Your lives are busy enough doing homework, playing sports, making friends, and seeking after your dreams. But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself. Find an iss

32、ue you are interested in and learn more. Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money to a cause. Whatever you do, don5t be a bystander. Get involved. You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you5re older. But why not start now?Our own experience working together on h

33、ealth, development, and energy in the last twenty years has been one of the most rewarding （值得做 的） parts of our lives. It has changed who we are and continues to fuel our optimism about how many the lives of the poorest people will improve in the years ahead.What does the underlined part in Paragrap

34、h 2 refer to?A. Your lifestyle. B. Your life value.C. Your trouble in life. D. Your life experience.Why does the author say we are inspired every day?We possess different kinds of superpowers.We have got the power to change the world.Some people around us are making the world better.There are many p

35、owerful people in our life and work.What does the author stress in Paragraph 5?Learning more and contributing more to a cause.Rising above self and acting to help others.Working hard to get a bigger opportunity.Trying your best to help the poor.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?The author believes the lives of the poorest will get better.Much more progress will be made in the near future.The work on health is the most valuable experience.Peoples efforts have been mater