语言学基础知识试题

1、2004 年硕士研究生入学考语言学基础知试Below are some questions and statements with missing words, each followed by four possible answers or fillers marked A, B, C and D. In some cases, only one choice is correct while in others more than one should be chosen. Choose ALL the correct ones. (30 points, 2 points each)La

2、nguageameansofverbal B. apurposefulC. socialand D. trueofboth humanbeings and AlinguisticstudyifitdescribesandanalysesfactsB. C. D. The sounds in the production of which there is an obstruction of the airstream at some point of the vocal tract are known as B. placesof C. D. mannersoff is a voicedbil

3、abialB. voicelessbilabialC. voicelesslabiodental i is ahighfrontunroundedB. highfrontrounded C. high middleD. highback Whichofthefollowingisa broadtranscriptionof the word A. B. C. D. Thebasic unit of phonological analysisisthe A. B. C. D. minimalLook at thefollowingi) the manwent tothe ii) *manto t

4、hetheater went It shows the importance of in producing the acceptable utterance in a A.wordB. C.co-D. Whichofthefollowing areinstancesof A.B.C. D. Whichofthefollowing are relatedto Noam GenerativeB. FunctionalC. StandardD.GBWhichofthefollowing arerelated toMAK B. FunctionalC. BindingD.Theme andWhich

5、ofthefollowing are areasofB. C. D.“GardenPath”HowtoDoThingswithWordswaswrittenbyB.WilliamC.H.P.D. StephenTheCooperative Principlewas formulatedbyB.WilliamC.H.P.D. StephenWhich ofthefollowing contains aO,myluve is likea red,redAlltheworldsaAndall themen and womenmerely Death layshisicyhand on Decide

6、whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F). (20 points, 2 points each)Therelationship between soundandmeaning isThenarrowtranscriptionsof speakand peakarespi:k andpi:kThefollowingruleshows“complementary /p/ p= / s phinotherplacesTenseandaspectaretwoimportantcategoriesoftheThephrase p

7、oorJohn isanendocentric The standard theory refers to the theory of grammar outlined in LecturesonGovernmentandAn Introduction to Functional Grammar (1985, 1994) was written by M A K SociolinguisticsstudieshowlanguageisaffectedbysocialHost: Would you like a cocktail? Its my own invention.Guest:Well,

8、mmmuhitsnotthatwedontnotThefollowingsentenceisaninstanceofmetaphor: The world is like a stage.Definethefollowingterms.(25points,5pointsinterpersonalsyntagmaticthesemantictheSapir-WhorfDiscuss the phonological rule that underlies the third person singular present tense forms of verbs in English. Keep

9、 in mind the following forms:Heworkseighthoursaday,sixdaysaThegirlcomeshereeverySheusesthecomputerat(25Determine the allomorphy of the prefix in- on the basis of the data below. Group the data according to the variants and try to determine which kinds of base take which kinds of prefix allomorph and what kind of mechanism is responsible for the allomo