《桥梁建筑新论》-第一章绪论（New theory of bridge construction Chapter 1 Introduction）

1、24/24桥梁建筑新论-第一章绪论（Nw theory f brie osutin Caper 1ntroduction)”Bigebuidg theory- h ist chateis te itrotion oTxtBridgebilding he th firs chapeLwei9604， Hllo！ Today isunay 20021-13bkmak oline consutn srviceesageoardYou now in a psin o”bride space ntwr ofessional Wn a ”hgay bige in thspr ha en ad 0 time

2、s.Bige bidng heo” th firstchaprAutho： hn Shidng（copright， withou rmisin frmthe athor， dont reprit）Te firtcapter the inroductionTetatu of 1。1 idge ahitcturet resnt， theutor ao id not seehe”bidge rchitecte in otr ritigs said, prbably bcue of soewok onl on tbrige ashetics, r nlylaboutth art o bridge cn

3、tuct cocreteecaue of t I the textbooks of te author see, proablyiuing:Aery rougdsrition o he bige deelopmet;The casftion sytem of he dge sstemnt enough；The ilecros bidholelatprnciplsan cros-seciona esg c.；Theclasificatin framentd strutur d comone cosssetinform 4;Altoughte talko bdg aesthetis， n he l

4、dcap esign， bu a not yet estalishd sysem of thry。The tudy f mecanics and aesthetics, th relationshi of structure trss serio reah, deg of bridg poect nd selcte theoreica resear is scany.Itepat， nueric calulation sing the sidrue or mchaical ompute， compatinl mthods aevry liite，and oten ned a depunders

5、tandng o te mchnical proerie ofheuctre （truraPerfoane），sucsthe force transmisionpath, n t lear bering strture ssm whih isanimportnt componen of whicisthe pmis of a sendary comont undr the poposedsimpfie ca ucture， wichs in the umercltime n caachiev coputingowr rnge， ca led to satiactory rsults, some

6、tes, oftene o me otr spec h sacriice, or expl, he sttr of saicsructr or ndtrmine number less； h cmpaison stage in te progrm, but alsoto make choic o iffernt strctalsystems.Objetielspekng, h impoanceof bidge concpualdsgn fvrable Butaobecase of th calculan mes bkwar， the dgestcte large n， nonnea n cop

7、lex sste behar reearh is not eouh, wich retictste devlopmn the brdge.thhe developmnt of scnce and echnloy， lectronc compr（letronic diitaomputer ashg speed），hapacity i lag，tis moreand more widely udin te fied ridge，h analss of engineerng strcture bcom an asy jbto d， othat the aation of the tructre di

8、nr f preou heavyou，andcan egnsch as th kash kaikobrge， theGat t Bige of Deark andHongg.Nnerideand sin M Bri an other fu buidings。 Bbeaust oputer tslf iot on the stuture of syseffectvenes ifference makefvrabehngs，whch wilad tote srctre o tem isnosuitablto acep.hrfore， thedesiger ca nt only can us str

9、ucura anlyss softwae，and shoud hve e energ，ad h thorog resrch ofbrigeonstucn techoly， the structreof sperir，echnally feasendecooially reasnable, eautifl an hrmonous, t k p for t ineuacy o te copter.Th systemati archture is to buil bridges of bridge ngineerng ch i ressng mattr of th mo, by one o the

10、ain cnnts satter，sysematic ad scietifi ernc tty。Characteistics ofthe1。2 bridg arhitectuT sayth chateristc of bridgearhieure，prhsol thehousi architcre ae mpr an be spyed. hink thatthe siiaritis and differces eweenthe bridge architecturean buidi rchiectuest sirties n ifrncesetwen thbridge and the hous

11、e.hehousing strucure h olowing characteristic： s the man enveope;- the flaterrin；-goloical chnges lil；hprss；Thcolumn s the ainbarin member；Andthdead load of h tald ofmot;he cstructon s ofte usd to bilup layers of suppr。The bidg structehas he olowing hrcterisics：-s th airosn tructure (expos）， i pn io

12、en builing incomparble;Oftn, acrostriver,vethecanyon;Ad crss e terai ad gology are comlex adhangeable;nd oft a nrrow bet alng the bride direction;nd temanbeargmember tendingandsring (bea)， pressure(arc） r pull (bre）；ive load(is, pederian)account for alre proprtio；The nstucn methods， theconstructo pc

13、s is complx, an may chage e oplx ystm.his detrmnesh maimum charactristics f bridgeuildng s dife fro theoher brige constructionmust ist eet the reqiremets ofstatic balance, hefrce ofgrvity is t chaaceristics of te building cractersticof bridgearchitetur。Aa egaie eample， the2mentoned i e SeineRivr i r

14、is n theLi Aster Armad bdge filure of terchitect cmpetitio graph isshockin, inm vw， t is becauef tse whodesigdth building mous arcie of thebrde costrucn chartrst of lack f undestandin， iled tothe fruit.The authrnot nl, teauthor pu forwardtwty prinipes， he brde esin houl foll the twenty principles， t

15、e riesp arangeet hold foow e seven pincples， coneronbrigeitrnal f nalyis and relvant sytem f rough brd landscp eig,t buid abrdge arectre。hecontensf 13 bridge aritcueBrdge rchtete （brdgeacecture）, noonly holdthebidge astec （BideAethtics），whic sould include thptima brige sress teory， and put it in a v

16、ery impontpoion，a h sametime, inudigtheovealldesign， rdge esgnancomparn et。The baic theorticlknoldge o bdge arcitece requie: theoreti mechanic, material chanics, stcturalmechancs， strcual dsgn pnciple， hydraics,soil mhac, brde evoent histoy, theti， dgnad cntructio f brige Th brige uidn desisbv tebas

17、c they an Achteure （Landape rchitture） oranicintegratin.Cnidrng aic kolge rlated in ridge engerngtextbok n general havediscussed, and even bigeashetics， ansc arcitectal deign andmoorahon, s heronybiefly， adill fs onte optialbre desgn ey, the ridge span ayu， cross scti sltoan schme dsign an coarion，n

18、d eflyntodues th Najin Rod Taizho yinjiangebridge plannig addesign etc.。herefore,this bookfo the flong hatrs:Th first chaptrtlls the satus of bridge consuton desgn， an dsssethe ahitt and nineer ties， technlogyan art， reionhip betnstructure and ncton nth onsruin thmpnce n thgeerl incile o modern arch

19、itectrl desig.The second chapter：theutle oft developmn of brige This is th uetandig of he basi knwlednecsry fr bride contructin.Th hirchaer： theresobe struurof bridge rule, t utor summarzes 20 pnples This is o of h mi ontns of tisbook.Te furh chaer: th brdgeclassificain，th bd is iied int 5catgies， a

20、ew evaluation ofthbridg re Thisi oneote mn contes of this boo。Te fth hapter: hbde intel force rough estmteancrstion ie, ccult ethos lsd her ivery ug,bt is cnducive o siple, coveitand fst to calculat te intenal force， an gives a gh section szeTheix hater: te bdge desi， aily epns th 2 princpes of brid

21、e san laout，he desin shu beae into conseao， planni ad pject seleion. hi ion themanoentsofhis ook。The seventhchapte:engineering esign caes Najing higway izou Yiiang River Bidge， h bid s mpl， thewhole pocess of arhiectra desig f idg. Ths ne o he ain contens o tsbook.he eigth capter：the nwsructure andt

22、he prospc e ridge, bridge ull bridge manl trouces t atr n other ew bridge and deas，the fuur proect ofte brige。Divison labor anoopeatin.3 1。4archiet and struure ngieersThearchite o atits, aesthetes itse，the la freal ndertain of tehnology， theeis no tecnia deignceativeinpiration，te lack f extsive an s

23、ireoperatin witthe ngineer，t rhitectu dgni otspefial， fficut tosapehethetic categr, wchnder he contctionof noatin。On the ctrary， the ructue enee are”impotance of things, despis exernal thiinside,emphasis one thinkig of te technolgy sl a the internal orazation ofhe rltioship, easy ofallnt the edous c

24、acultions and etais ofte comple proces， an ivoles the naure， ciety andeope psycologcal felings cas uildinprblemsimpy truted to technalproblemsofonew the theoy ofcholoto become the only to a ceai exen ”。Fo th blem ofth relatonhip betwee technoogy ad ar,trcual engierand arcitc ervi sai technology and

25、ar” ulding a book：Atecnicaly pefectks,Posibl i he artitic efec ispoo；Howeve,wheteracient rmodr，tno one rcognized utsaning achtecuesthecsTh technologyis ot good.Hee, to muchphis on te at o nervdimesio，hileignring the mporta oftecnoy, bcausehefunti of the structr culnmetthe beaty。 As a negi eaml， th h

26、as provedevything。 I addion， tcurren hinarcitectural wor cloely ith tephenmeon hat littl atention， conmpt art technolo ”conep. or his view of the rvi diensio, eg tifr.”r，chnology an lght” arhitc ”tehnoloy，on he oray， light ar enginershve otods noherexm， such a the cntructi of manyarge Chiacy crossra

27、ds crab ye allretin oeras， the clouds of th state,to hctyse take nreasonable, regardlessf peestrians, rdi， let a person prduce e felg of opresson.In addtin， the unoordinte span lyut，excessv copesin an misfisbidg bridge openingandenionmtelecto and o ar eveywhere。The sructure of tefaous degnr LTngyan

28、said:frm te sciec of deign， to chiev he pupse o r.” I think, maser Lirveled h relatnship beteen tchnly an t ssence。nct，te achcure is betwee tehnologyad art discipies. Atouhe rchitectsnd engiees us na, emais technica asects；althu smemphsis on ding technoly， adsombiling fcuson t.ut thealuatin of abuld

29、ing， te doube tandard （。e。， tenoog n Art) s always prsen，but lsoe bjectiv adreasonale.his rquirs clecooperatonbetweeachitects and enginr， architects py mor atntion t e roe of eoly.The 15 incple f modern aricturldesg （rinipl of derachiectual dgn）Therige bgst thebuildn, but h general princple i abouth

30、e buildinidustil andciv bilings， btthis didnot fect th enerl prcipl of arhitectual deign for the desig f bridgebildin, d，ridge cotruction thyust abb tuansf years o ua pactice and eerh，an is totudytheprctieachtectural achevemnts， is eso-clled”outid the bo， jde”.The premise is t crate architectal esig

31、n achitectur eities，salso indo istccetion; its neessary toonsder thepepes maerialeds， bu soconsider e eds f eopl sprtul life.In the architecturaldeign process， we s coider te vrous acors tosolve l kis o cntractio, unty. Pactihow tathe acheral desig is todal ih eproem heoerlllaout， landspe desin， rch

32、ectural featres, stction ehnoo nchtecural art。Th overall ayoutro ovrllsiuation，compehnie oideationof aiousfacts afeing execed the uiing ido a outdo spa， make th ovallarangemnt， makethbuilinginena fuo and extrnl conditons, corinte eac otheaically.For exmple： the deign o snglebuiling bidigs shold be t

33、h uingprinciple in gneral conceptn，andis constraind b th ovalllyu. S，Th deign sould ollow fom theotide t theinsea frmte iside t the outsie of th fs riipl， from th verlllayot to。Accrdingo txtenal ctons,t solve thbpoble， ad then h moomr （singleUnit) aomiation of ous pacesin arhitectur dsign.In thi pce

34、s， the snge bling esign in shape， size nd height(aye）， acitecturl rm,coor, orination，unhie ad afficit the oeall ayout n he srrundin enviroent t ahieve arny， nd inasig builing de tndsto tue, the adstnd deemie te overal ayoutIn the eral deg oncpt, it is ncess to consder he interal factorsof fntion, sr

35、uure, enomyan beuty,aso at o cndr te lcl hstorical and cultura bacgrounnd te eqrementof city lannng, environment, ite conins andote externalfacts.I usualythe fst to statfromthody, in rder xpess th idea o esgners Size i etermnd， and e stdyhe orgnizationadorgazan spcelne Reserch ontebdy(ote ide， is a

36、brige) ist sole e contradictionbewe th internal andxtrnal cauesbetee te function d for oth roblem。The overal dgnof the bridgeepeiallbridge siteegneeg ondtions, suatopogry, pysgom, imae, hyrolgy， geolog,seismi， avigatio, or ros th lie， at this point, the rige nd theei oftheuidigare que difft。Thebaict

37、rtng pointof he buildingfuctnofarchitectura desii to ma huing showd the graest conen or uers Terfore， ingfnctns alwaywith h elopmentohuan societyand t changeo ifeste n deveoent. thte sca progss, ecndeopent d theiroemn f civiliatin， thfunciona eqiements of t buildingmore and moreig. As of190s， te bvi

38、orlsince and pscholgyha eeintouced to stdy arhitecr, archtectualfeatures of t or detid andindptnatre; pt forad the oncept of lansce esin hasgreay erichedthe rhitctr.A fnction patton buldg geralyinldes manyarts, nd each art ofthe funcion inot thsame， theefor, the desn of buildings， acording their res

39、ective unctional requiremens ofeh at and te rainsh， combin them ito seveal reltiely depenentpartiton，the ayt f he buidingare resnablead lar。 Forexae:Fo use ncose cotac t each oher nar thepatiti；For tuse mual intrrene，to be spaated；Toill se the mi and auliry se separate ariti prton;Te pulic re （fegns

40、tog at） an prve pattis （on strong separate part）;Theuse f ”dynmic” and sati parion artition seprately；he clan a and may pducesmoe， dst， odor， nose an pollutio of pttion eprately.B stealine orgnizationPee ill travelin te uding evironmet,or nth builteniromen s achitecturadsin to akereasonabl rrngmens

41、o traffi fw.easonabe affiflow to nsur th eahpartii betwen covie and iple， a t am time,to avoid mutua inerrece of different strea。 hebuildingshoud b pplrentd,thrre, houd take he peopl s the min roue wire raffic ote cotructon， e spaeide and otie the istrictdesigned lgicl adordery， nncte pace seue.Ccom

42、biationo pane and spae obintionD towads, lihin vetltionhe orthrn heiseebuingfr the wine oobtainmosunshine, t t to gt to the Souh or so the our hemspere;on the cntry。Hot d humd r of thebildin，iorer tosolvethe problems ofaur ventiltin, to hoose good i orientaton,vniation and sing bling cnsrcton ogniat

43、iogrups within he ”Chuantageng，in ordrtomitainsooh airflow Fo idoornirnmen comrt requiee, will be used forartificial lightin and ventltion air ondioin faciis t sov， to me p rk f natral lihtig ad venilatin.T fnti ofridge costrction tbefar more hosing fo les， he ahrthinks： bridge ulding funcios： ones

44、thing moethan the three crsing; afi； watch。he cnsuction chnoogyA tucue is biling te mwok, with oter closlyreae tctue detrme theie andform of thebuiding spce to a gret exent。On the bilinof te strcture andvlutio of cnstaits，with the unction o the oher hadThe uthor thns tht the stucture andftnahe mar t

45、hems orchiectural design。n the pandeign， the first to onsder whtherte trctur n meet thuse function ofuilig pace szeadthe umer of level requiremets； at the sm time to consde heraionalit f onmy anechnooyIn addition， asacording t he ste coition, the localuppl of terils, constrctionondti ad tenicallevel

46、 of scre selectionB equipmeman hain, ventiatio, aironitoni sstem，elctic ihing systemetcTe bidestructue is a crosng suctue， loaislrge， te sructur is rlativly complex, acordingl， he einfocemen plns tha buidng come.Thebridge euipments very few， nd mos designisrelaivel imle, geel lighti sysem， air / wae

47、rigtion aning ighs orwarnin lghts.Th ul effctorchiectual t ndactica adbatu. ut ti twofold prformace i nt alwaysbalncd。 Fr example:And fo e poductinof ndustralcntruction， is fncion and the prodctin efiency is the primrtretment forart， in a seday osion;opolitical ndecooicn cultra ativities c s srvice

48、architcure， art they livig in a imprtan potion;- mmorial arcitectue nd sculture, thart s the man.I thik, as a bd builing tehnlog han a ightly iprtant，bt hey cn really taketestTebascemets of arcietual for and at.Te ontrucon o h nrnal and eternal sace arintdepndent， iivisible (lrgenerne shoud pay prtc

49、uar ttnon tothis pin). olow thebldingosrucin he frm forml ey (principlOf archtctural om），but alsothe puruit o spa andtehnicl peroranc,a oide te folowin facor。Ad her perfecrhitctral syle i th roportiofstrctue， good staleand suitable vlmChracterTh caracerof the buidig denso the n o thebuili adidin con

50、tns， he fuctinl equient of t bas characteristc sape determes oaret etn， namelte fnonsrtu. Te rchitectua form shod conscousl etern chaacterstics dterned by fone sene of thetimesThe architetinhe esg rcess ceaion， cooperatewihrlevant profesineginer， str th latest technology theory，The use ofewcologies，

51、 new pocesses， new aterils， new sruct annew aristic teciu, the architectual esig eflctsheg l， has he sense of heties.nal styland loa harctertics。T buidn oftn ecause of diferent rgions d diffrnt ethic rupsand reect diferent style.Intheexploatin f mrn achitectur at he sme time, wemutonsdthe area of ma

52、tal， structure， technologyndnational custos, csos, traition an economic onditio，to create a nw form h ehnichrceristics ad cl caraceristihe ladcapedesign fth bulding is a paof thenirnment，i adion to uiing their own beaty,ulding size, lume， image, tril an lor shoud becornaed wth the surroundin environ

53、mnt。 Architectureign to th bjcve nvrnnt” a th ubectiveconept of eaig thr。 On the oe han, tonalze henromental effct of bilding， nthe othe ha， to nalyze he inflence envisagein the architcur f teral nirnment Fom the pspectivo sstem heoy,t compensve deig oregoal lndsa。Th dfferencsandrens bete t tucturan uction of he 1。A