药学专业外语 甘 草课件

1、专 业 英 语Traditional Chinese Medicines中国药科大学生药学研究室王 磊e-mail: 甘 草Radix GlycyrrhizaeEnglish Name Liquorice RootOrigins Gancao is one of the most commonly used Chinese herbs, and classified as a superior herb in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing. The Chinese name Gancao means the sweet herb, hence its name. Since a

2、ncient times in China, it has been called the National Venerable Master (国老) because it has the merit of harmonizing and mollifying drugs in a prescription and eliminating various toxicities. It is the dried root and rhizome of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. , Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. Or Glycyrrhiza g

3、labra L. , family Leguminosae.harmonize：调和 mollify：缓和Plant MorphologyGlycyrrhiza uralensis: A perennial herb, 30100 cm high, covered with white pubescences, glandular scars or glandular hairs throughout. Rhizome cylindrical; main root relatively long, stout, outer bark reddish-brown to dark brown, t

4、aste sweet. pubescences: 软毛，绒毛，到达青春期； glandular : 腺体的 Stem erect, branchelets with ridges. Leaves pinnately compound, alternate, leaflets 717, ovate or broadly ovate, entire; stipules deciduous.Plant Morphology羽状的托叶每年落叶的Legume (pod) curved to be sickle-like, densely covered with brown prickly glandu

5、lar hairs. Seeds 28, black, smooth. Flowering season Jun.Jul.; fruiting season Jul.Aug.It is usually grown wild in sunny calcareous grasslands and along the sandy riverbanks, and now also cultivated. Distributed in Northeast China, North China and Northwest China.legume：荚果 prickly: 多刺的 calcareous gl

6、asslands：钙质草原 Plant Morphology Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat. : Plant without glandular hairs; leaflets 3-7; Legume small, inflated. Distributed in Xinjiang and Gansu. Glycyrrhiza glabra L.: Plant without glandular hairs; leaflets 19; Legume flat and straight, glabrous. Distributed in Xinjiang, Qinghai an

7、d Gansu.Plant MorphologyDescription Radix Glycyrrhizae Uralensis: Roots cylindrical. 2100 cm long, 0.63.5 cm in diameter. Externally reddish-brown or greyish-brown, showing irregular longitudinal wrinkles and furrows, numerous transverse lenticel-like protrusions and sparse rootlet scars. Sometimes

8、the outer bark scaling off, the exposed surface appearing yellow. furrows：沟纹 sparse：稀疏的 Texture compact, fracture fibrous, yellowish-white, starchy, cambium ring distinct, rays radiate, some with clefts. Rhizomes cylindrical, externally with bud scars, pith present in the centre of fracture. Odour,

9、slight; taste, sweet and characteristic.cleft：裂隙; bud scars：芽痕 ; pith：髓Description纤维性的Radix Glycyrrhizae Inflatae: Roots and rhizomes woody and stout, some branched, the outer bark rough, greyish-brown, Texture compact, more lignified fibres and less starchy, Rhizomes with more and large adventitiou

10、s buds.Radix Glyvyrrhizae Glabrae: Texture of root and rhizomes relatively compact, some branched, the outer bark not rough, greyish-brown, lenticels small and indistinct. Descriptionlignified fibres: 木化纤维【显微特征】横切面：(1)木栓层细胞红棕色；(2)韧皮部由韧皮纤维束、韧皮薄壁细胞及筛管群等间隔排列；(3)形成层环不甚明显；(4)木质部导管直径大，单个或23个成束；(5)韧皮部和木质部均

11、有晶纤维；(6)薄壁细胞含淀粉粒。Powder: Brownish-yellow. Fibres in bundles, 814m in diameter, thick-walls, slightly lignified, surrounded by parenchymatous cells containing prisms of calcium oxalate, forming crystal fibres. Prisms of calcium oxalate frequent. Bordered pitted vessels large, reticulated vessels rare

12、. Cork cells reddish-brown, polygonal, slightly lignified. Microscopical charactersChemical ConstituentsTriterpenoidal saponins: 614% glycyrrhizin (甘草甜素)，which upon hydrolysis yields glucuronic acid （葡萄糖醛酸）and glycyrrhetinic acid（甘草次酸）。 Chemical Constituents Flavonoids: liquiritin（甘草苷）, liquiritigen

13、in（甘草苷元）(the aglycone of liquiritin) （甘草苷的苷元）， isoliquiritin（异甘草苷）, isoliquiritigenin（异甘草苷元）。 Anti-ulcer effect: The drug is effective for the treatment of gastric ulcer, probably because of the flavonoids it contains. 抗溃疡作用：它治疗胃溃疡的作用，可能因为它所含的黄酮类化合物。 Adrenocortical hormonelike actions. 肾上腺皮质激素样作用。 P

14、harmacology Detoxifying effect: Glycyrrhizin possesses detoxifying action on drugs, poisonous foods and toxins of metabolic metabolic products. Glycyrrhizin when degraded yields glucuronic acid, which in the liver will combine with toxic materials to form glucuronide to produce a detoxifying action. 解毒作用：甘草对多种药物中毒、食物中毒和代谢产物中毒等都有一定的解毒作用。甘草甜素降解时产生葡萄醛酸，在肝脏中它与毒物结合成葡萄醛酸类物质而起解毒作用。Pharmacology Antitussive, expectorant and antiasthmatic effects. 镇咳，祛痰和平喘作用。 Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects. 抗炎作用和抗过敏作用。PharmacologyActionTo reinforce the function of the spleen and repleni