小学英语-现在完成时

1、精品文档新概念英语法串讲在完成时现在完成时指的是过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果某一时间开始并 一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。一、现完成时的用 过去某时发生的动作到目前为止这个动作已经完成。如：1I have finished my 我做完家庭作业了。过去某时开始做，到现在已完成2He has come 他已经来了。过去某时开始离开某地到这来，现在已在这。 表示动作发生在过去并延续到现在,有可能继续延续下去。如：1I have studied for six 我已经学了六年英语了。六年前开始学英语，一直学到现在, 也可能继续学也可能就此不学了。2I have li

2、ved Shenyang 我从 1990 年就在沈阳住。从 1990 年开始住在沈阳一直住到现在，也可能继续也可能就此为止。二、现完成时的结1肯定式：主语 + have has 过去分词2否认式: 主语 + have + not 过去分词3一般疑问式 Have Has 主语 + 过去分词4特殊疑问式 特殊疑问词+have/has+ 主+过去分词三、现完成时的时状语现在完成时常用的时间状语包括 “already, etc。例如：We have learned about 3000 English by the of this 到上学期末我们已经学了 个英语单词。.精品文档注意：1) 当表示一段时

3、间，现在完成时可以用 for 或 since 引导的状语。例如：Ive known Li for 我认识丽丽已经 年了。I have worked since years 自从 8 年前我就在这工作。2) 当在肯定陈述句中含有 already just 时转换成否认句时把句中的 already 或 just 去掉，在句末加上 例如：I have already seen the I haven seen the He has come 注意：for since 用法。for+时段 为时间since+去一个时间点译为：自从以来since+段+agosince+句过去时It is+时段+since

4、+从句过去时四、过分词变化规么如下1 、规那么动词：规那么动词的过去分词的构成规那么与规那么动词的过去式的构成规那么相 同。四点变化规那么：1)般动词在词尾直接加“ ed 。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited(2)以“ e 结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d 。live-lived-lived ,(3)以“辅音字母 + y 结尾的动词，将 y 变为 i ，再加“ ed 。 study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed 。 stop-stopped-

5、stopped , drop-dropped-dropped2 、 不规那么动词变化需参看不规那么动词表逐一熟记。例如; cut- cut,hit- hit- hit.精品文档五、使时考前须知“have/ got 形式上是一种完时，但和 have/ has 为同一意思有。例如：Have got pen-friends? Yes, I 你有笔友吗？是的，我有。Has got of work do? he hasn他有许多工作要做吗？不，他没有。 have/has 、have/has been to 和 have/has in 的区别。have/ gone 去了，在去某地的路上或在某地，人还未回来

6、have/ been 曾经去过，人已经回来了have/ been 已经在，常与一段时间连用He has to Shenyang 他以前曾去过沈阳。He has in Shenyang ten 他在沈阳 10 年了。Has gone Shenyang? 他去沈阳了吗？ have/ been 常和 once, twice, ever 连用；have/ gone 么不可。例如: Has ever been Paris? 汤姆去过巴黎吗？ Yes, s been there many 是的，他去过好几次了。 Where they 他们去哪里了？ Theyve to 他们去沈阳了。4非延续性动词(称作终

7、止性动词)能用现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语的句型中。这类动词有：come, start, die, buy, finish, borrow, 等。但它们能够 用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。arrive, be be buy .精品文档begin, start be die be deadget be leave, be ；go out be borrow finish/end be over open be openclose be closed join be a member 六、在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如 already肯定, 否认，疑问

8、 just, before, recently,still, lately,never 等例如: He has already finished the work.典型例题 1：His party since 1978A.joind B.has joined C.was in D.has been in解析 ：此题考查学生对现在完成时的熟练掌握。 1978 表自从 1978 一直到现在， 表示这件事情从过去一直持续到现在，应该用现在完成时，而且动词必须是延续性动词AB 均为 瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，故排除； 为一般过去时，也不行。答案 ；D.要牢记 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。

9、如： yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等；而现在完成时那么常与 just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和 thesedays ,this week ,since ., for . 等表示一段时间的状语连用现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。 典型例题 2： you _ your homework yet ?Yes . I _ it a moment ago .A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ;

10、 done ; finishedC.Have ; done ; have finished解析：此题考查一般过去时和现在成时的用法区别。问句中 yet 明应该用现在完成时，而 答复中的 a moment ago 是一个表示过去的时间状语，应该用一般过去时。答案： B附： 动过式去词1、AAA 型原形、过去式和过去分词同形：cost let letput put read.精品文档2、 型过去式与过去分词同形：bring brought brought build built builtbuy catch caught dug felt feltfind have hear held held

11、keep kept kept leave left leftlend lent lent meet met met pay paidsay said said sold send sent shine shone shonesit sat smelt spend spent teach taught taughttell think thought understood understood3、ABC 型原形、过去式和过去分词各异：be was/were been begin began begun blown do done drew drink drank drunk drive driv

12、en eaten fall fell fallenfly flew flown forgot forgotten give gave go went gone grew knew known lie lay ride rode ridden ring rang saw seen shown sang sung take taken threw thrown woke woken wear wore worn wrote written4、ABA 型原形与过去分词同形：become come come 5、AAB 型原形与过去式同形： beaten现在完成时习一、选填空 Kate never C

13、hinese _ hasn she has isnt is .精品文档 -Mum, I out and basketball?-_you_ your homework Do ；finish Arefinishing ；finish Have； His brother been Stone twice_he came to after before since for Tom_the CD player two has borrowed has has I_a from since didnt receive haven got didn have haven heard -Have ever_

14、Beijing -Yes, went gone been been My parents _ Shandong ten have in have to have to have I won go the concert because I _my lost don lose have is coming Where is Liu? - He_ the has to has to been in came Shanghai years we_here for two have to have in have have How long_you _your paper? - About three

15、 did ； have；get have； havebought tells _China for over eight has has in has to has to.精品文档 His parents_ more 3 have here have started to work have there have the university14I_ letter him since A receive Bhavent got didnt have havent heard 15Where you these ？ have _to Dalian with A ；gone Bbeen gone

16、；been gone；gone 16How long you _ ？A Bborrowed C lent17Wheres ？ _ NanjingA going Bhas Chas Dwent 18We have lived five years A Bsince before Dafter19 have watched When _ ？A ；watched Bdo； did ； Dwill； Brown _ to Great A been has been have has gone二用词的适当形填空 I_ already _(see) the I_(see) it last _he_(fin

17、ish) work yet? Not _you_(be) Hong Yes, I_(be) there .精品文档 _you ever_(eat ) chocolate? No, My father_ just_(come) from is tired Wheres Ming? He_(go) to the teachers here since I_(move) How long_ the _(stay) here For 三 句型转换 ( 每空一词 ) I have to Macau 为否认句I_ to Macau He hasnt to school because hes ( 就划线局

18、部提问)_ _ come school? He learned English 5 ( 就划线局部提)_ _ _learned English? I bought new bike ( 用 just 写)I_ _a new We to learn English three years 改为同义句We_ _English _three 四填入 has / been 或 has / have Harry ： I you Annabels Restaurant Diana： wasnt I _ never_ Sam： Sally Tim are holiday, they? Where_they Sue： To Florida, Sam： How times_they_there?Sue： This their third .精品文档 Stev