高级英语阅读考试题目及答案完整版模板

1、Reading1:ThisisWaterWhatsthepointofthefishstory?Theimmediatepointofthefishstoryisthatthemostobvious,ubiquitous,importantrealitiesareoftentheonesthatarethehardesttoseeandtalkabout.Whatisournaturaldefault-setting,accordingtoWallace?Doyouagreewithhim?Ifyes,giveexamples;ifno,examplestoo,please.A:Thedefa

2、ult-settingisthatwetendtobelieveinthefactthatwearetheabsolutecenteroftheuniverse,therealest,mostvividandimportantpersoninexistence.Iagreewiththeauthor.Herearetwoexamples:First,whenoneofourroommatesisangrywithsomeday,youthinkunconsciouslythatwhetheryoudosomethingwrong.Infact,youroomategetinatrouble.S

3、econd,whenwefailedinanexam,wetendtoabeliefthatthetestpaperistoodifficultratherthanyoudontgetpreparedwellforit.（举例最好自己想下）Iamtheabsolutecenteroftheuniverse,therealest,mostvividandimportantpersoninexistence.Yes,Ido.Theworldasyouexperienceitisrightthereinfrontofyou,orbehindyou,totheleftorrightofyou,onyo

4、urTV,oryourmonitor,orwhatever.Otherpeoplesthoughtsandfeelingshowtobecommunicatedtoyousomehow,butyourownaresoimmediate,urgent,real.3.Isitpossibleforustoadjustournaturaldefault-setting?Ifyes,how?Andbytheway,whyshouldweadjustit?A:Yes,itis.Weshouldpayattentiontowhatsgoingoninsidemeandstayalertandattenti

5、veinsteadofgettinghypnotizedbytheconstantmonologueinsideyourownhead.whatsmore,weshouldlearnhowtoThinkandhowtodecide.Thereasonwhyshouldweadjustitisthatthinkinginthewayofdefault-settingthatweexperiencetheboring,frustrating,crowedpartsofadultlife.B:Yes,itis.LearninghowtothinkLearninghowtoexercisesomeco

6、ntroloverhowandwhatyouthink.Itmeansbeingconsciousandawareenoughtochoosewhatyoupayattentiontoandtochoosehowyouconstructmeaningfromexperience.Ifwedontadjustit,wewillbetotallynosed.Whatdoesitmeanbylearninghowtothink?Andwhatisthejustifiablewaytothink?Learninghowtothinkreallymeanslearninghowtoexercisesom

7、econtroloverhowandwhatyouthink.Itmeansbeingconsciousandawareenoughtochoosewhatyoupayattentiontoandtochoosehowyouconstructmeaningfromexperience.Whatisthemeaningofcollegeeducation?Doyouagree?Ifyes,furtherexplainsplease,ifno,defineyourmeaningofcollegeeducationandfurtherillustrateit.Collegeeducationisth

8、atitenablesmytendencytoover-intellectualizestuff,togetlostinabstractargumentinsideourheadinsteadofsimplypayingattentiontowhatsgoingonrightinfrontofus.WhatdidWallacerefertoastheworkofchoosing?A:Whenyouaregoingthroughpetty,frustratingcraps,youneedtomakeaconsciouschoiceofhowtothinkandwhattopayattention

9、to.B：Makeaconsciousdecisionabouthowtothinkandwhattopayattentionto.WhatistheonlyTruematterofthelong,lonelydayinanddayout?A:TheonlyTruematteristhatyougettodecidehowyouregoingtotrytoseeit.Yougettoconsciouslydecidewhathasmeaningandwhatdoesnt.Yougettodecidewhattoworship.B：Theonlythingwhatscapitrtuaelilsy

10、thatyougettodecidehowyouaregoingtotrytoseeit.Yougettoconsciouslydecidewhathasmeaningandwhatdoesnot.Yougettodecidewhattoworship.WhydidWallacesuggestthegraduatingseniorstoworshipsomespiritualthingsinsteadofanythingelse,saymoneyandpower?Anoutstandingreasonforchoosingsomesortofspiritualthingstoworshipis

11、thatprettymuchanythingelseyouworshipwilleatyoualive.HowdidWallacedefinetherealimportantfreedomandifyouwouldliketo,pleasegiveyourdefinitionoffreedom.Thereallyimportantkindoffreedominvolvesattention,awareness,discipline,effort,andbeingabletrulyabletocareaboutotherpeopleandtosacrificeforthem,overandove

12、r,inmyprettylittleunsexyways,everyday.Finally,whatiswater?Themostobvious,importantrealitiesarethehardesttoseeandtalkabout.Reading2:MoonLandingFaked.Whypathologicalexplanationscannotbesufficientlyusedtoexplainconspiracytheories?Becauseconspiracytheoriesarenotjusttheimplausiblevisionsofaparanoidminori

13、ty.Therearesomanypeoplecomingtobelieveinit.并不是少数妄想狂的难以置信的幻觉。Howdoyouunderstandcontradictoryconspiracytheory?A:Inmyopinion,peopledonttendtobelieveinaconspiracytheorybecauseofthespecifics,butratherbecauseofhigher-orderbeliefsthatsupportconspiracy-likethinkingmoregenerally,suchasaseveredistrustofauthor

14、ity,.出于一种更高层次的信仰，严重的对权威的不信任。Whatisthedefinitionof“conspiracytheory”(Para.7)?Whomightthose“powerfulindividualsandorganizations”be?Aconspiracytheoryisusuallydefinedasanattempttoexplaintheultimatecauseofanimportantsocietaleventaspartofsomesinisterplotconjuredupbyasecretallianceofpowerfulindividualsando

15、rganizations.Governmentorofficials.一些有权有势的个人和组织组成了一个秘密联盟，而这个秘密联盟策划了那些险恶的阴谋。Whydopeoplerefusescience?A:Thereasonwhypeoplerefusescienceisthattheconspiracycanhelpthemmakesenseoftheworldbyprovidingsimpleexplanationsforcomplexsocietalevents-restoringasenseofcontrolandpredictability.Andtheycanbecomediseng

16、agedfromimportantpoliticalandsocietaltopics.B:Widespreadbeliefinconspiracytheories.Receivingpositiveinformationaboutorevenmerelyexposedtoconspiracytheoriescanleadpeopletobecomedisengagedfromimportantpoliticalandsocietaltopics.阴谋论为复杂的社会事件提供简单的解释，提供了可控和可预测的感觉。Reading3:WhatsIsntforSale?Whatarethehidden

17、costsmentionedintheleadingparagraph?A:“Thehiddencosts”mentionedintheleadingparagraphmainlymeansthattherearesomethingsmoneycannotbuyinthepast,butitispossibletoday.Thelogicofbuyingandsellingnolongerappliestomaterialgoodsalone.Forexample,nonviolentoffenderscanpayforaclean,quietjailcell,withoutanynon-pa

18、yingprisonerstodisturbthem.B：Marketsandmarketvalueshavecometogovernourlivesasneverbefore.钱过去不能买的，但今天成为可能，几乎一切可售，买卖逻辑不仅适用于物质商品，市场几乎凌驾于我们。Canyouthinkofanythingthatmoneycantbuynowadays?B：Family,affection,time,friendshipandsoon.A:Frommyperspective,thelovetoyourfamily,friendsoranybodyelsecannotbeboughtby

19、moneynowadays.Howdidthemarketthinking/marketfaithcomeintobeing?A:AstheColdWarended,noothermechanismfororganizationtheproductionanddistributionofgoodshadprovedassuccessfulatgeneratingaffluenceandprosperityasmarketthinking.Andyetevenasgrowingnumberofcountriesaroundtheworldembracedmarketmechanismintheo

20、perationoftheireconomy,somethingelsewashappening.Marketvalueswerecomingtoplayagreaterandgreaterroleinsociallife.ItincreasinglygovernstheB：Asthecoldwarended,marketsandmarketthinkingenjoyedunrivaledprestige.Theerabeganintheearly1980s,whenRonaldReaganandMargaretThatcherproclaimedtheirconvictionthatmark

21、ets,notgovernment,heldthekeytoprosperityandfreedom.Anditcontinuedintothe1990swiththemarket-friendlyliberalismofBillClintonandTonyBlair,whomoderatedbutconsolidatedthefaiththatmarketsaretheprimarymeansforachievingthepublicgood.冷战后，没有任何组织生产和分配物品的机制，可以堪比市场带来的巨大财富和繁荣（prosperity、booming）Whatdoessomethingb

22、igger（Para.20）referto?Itwasthereachofmarkets,andofmarketvalues,intospheresoflifetraditionallygovernedbynonmarketnorms.Whyisitnotgoodthatwearemovingtowardasocietyinwhicheverythingisupforsale?Therearetworeasons.First,itsaboutinequality.asmoneycomestobuymoreandmore,thedistributionofincomeandwealthlooms

23、larger.Second,itisaboutthecorrosivetendencyofmarkets.Puttingapriceonthegoodthingsinlifecancorruptthem.Becausemarketsdontonlyallocategoods,theyexpressandpromotecertainattitudestowardthegoodsbeingexchanged.1不公2腐败在一个什么都可以出售的社会，生活再难有尊严（dignity）,当金钱买越来越多的东西时，由收入和财富的分配差距会越来越大。2将生活中的美好事物标价，会使之变坏，因为市场不仅在分配资

24、源，他更表示和提倡东西都可以交易的态度。Reading4:WhoruinedthehumanitiesDoyouagreewithwritersviewthat“classroomruinsliteraturesjoy”?Ifyes,how?Ifnot,giveyourreasons.Idontthinkso.Frommyperspective,itisnotclassroombuttheteachingmethodinclassroomthatruinsliteraturesjoy.Manyteacherscanmakethesecurriculumsinterestingbyspecial

25、teachingmethod.Whatstheauthorsopinionaboutthenotionthatgreatliteraturecanhelpyouwithreadingandthinkingclearly?Andwhatsyourview?Intheauthorsopinion,thenotionthatgreatliteraturecanhelpyouwithreadingandthinkingclearlyisachimera（妄想）.1agreewiththeauthor.Forexample,theliterarymasterworksofWesterncivilizat

26、iondemonstratethelimitationsofso-calledclear-thinking.TherearesonnetsbyShakespearethatnolivingpersoncanunderstand.伟大的文学作品能够帮助你更清晰地阅读和思考，这其实也是妄想。很多人的诗到现在也没人理解，对很多人来说，高中毕业时，文学之火已经在我们所有人的心中充分燃烧起来。3.Ofcourseitsimportanttoreadthegreatpoetsandnovelists.Butnotinauniversityclassroom.Wheredoyouthinkisanappro

27、priateplace?AsfarasIamconcerned,thelibrary,cafeteria,aquietgardenisanappropriateplacetoreadthem.Coffeeshop4.Howdidtheliteratureinfluencetheauthorbeforehewenttocollege?Takeanexampletodescribetheliteraturesinfluencetoyou.Beforehestudiedliteratureincollege,heplungedintotheturbulentemotionsofJulienSorel

28、.Chekhovsstoriessustainedhimwithwordsthatcapturedhissadness.Keatsslanguagefilledhimwithabeautythatrepelledhissadness.Bookstookhimfarfromhimselfintoexperiencesthathadnothingtodowithhislife,yetspoketohislife.Itleadshimtoahuman.(Literaturechangesmywayofthinkingandmakesmeexperiencevarioustastesoflife.自己

29、想)Whatistherelationshipbetweenthewarandteachingliterature?Inasense,thestoryofteachingliteratureasaprofessionisastoryofwar.Aftersoldiersreturnhomein1945,teachingliteratureasaninvestigationoflifesenigmas(难题)struckadeepcollectivechord.AndaftertheVietnamWar,majoringinEnglishbeganitsslowdeclineandthepopu

30、larityofliteraturespelleditsdoom.PleasesummarizeLionelTrillingsperspectivesofliteratureeducation?Trillingwasexasperated(激怒)bytheabsurdityofteachingmorallysubversivemodernistworksinthemorallyconventionalprecincts(范围)ofauniversity,tothepointwherehesomewhathystericallyexaggeratedwhathecalledthe“forcean

31、dterror”ofmodernistliterature(thereisterrorinSyria,notinGide).Buthewasnotabletoseethattheclassroomalsoruinsliteraturesjoy,aswellastrivializing(轻视).Whatistheauthorreallyagainst?Iamagainsttakingthesestartingepiphaniesoftheirrational,unspoken,unthought-ofsideofhumanlifeintothecollegeclassroomandturning

32、themintotheblandexercisesincompetition,hierarchyandinformation-accumulationthataretheseworksmortalenemies.我反对的是把这些令人惊异的顿悟带入大学课堂把他们变成竞赛中枯燥的练习题，等级体系和信息的堆砌，他们都是这些作品不共戴天的敌人。Incommonsense,thelackofliteratureeducationleadstoperniciouspersonalcondition,buttheauthorthinksitsasentimentalfantasy.Doyouagree?If

33、yes,pleasegivesomereasons.Ifnot,why?A:Yes,Iagree.Asweallknow,literaturedidnotevenbecomepartoftheuniversitycurriculumuntiltheendofthe19thcentury.So,thecollegeteachingofliteratureisarelativelyrecentphenomenon.Beforeit,literaturedevelopedevenbetter.So,maybethelackofliteratureisafantasy.直到19世纪末文学才成为大学课程

34、的一部分，所以，大学文学教学是最近的现象，在此之前，文学发展的甚至更好。所以，说文学的缺失只是个幻觉。Howdoyouunderstand“awhale-shipwasmyYaleandmyHarvard”?(Para.30)Readingliteratureshasnothingtodowiththeenvironment.Ifyouaretrulyinterestedinliteratures,youmaylearnmuchanywhere,andtheplacewhereyouareisjustyourYaleandyourHarvard.阅读文学作品与环境无关，如果你真的对文学感兴趣，

35、你可以在任何地方学习，而你学习的地方就是你的耶鲁，你的哈佛。Literaturerequiresonlythatyoubehuman(Para.21).Howdoyouunderstandthissentence?A:Literaturedoesnotlikeotheracademicsubjectsthatrequiresspecializedknowledgeandamasteryofskillsandmethods.Itdoesnothavetobetaughtanymorethandreaminghastobetaught.Allyouneedtounderstandthatisahe

36、art.文学不像其他的学科那样需要专业知识和掌握一些技巧与方法。而文学无需去教，就像梦想也不需要教一样。Reading5:LovePeople,NotpleasureHowdidABDAL-RAHMANassessedhislife?Heassessedhislifethatwasfulloffame,richesandpleasurebeyondimagination,buthenumberedthedaysofpureandgenuinehappinesswhichfelltohislot:Theyamountto14.WhatdoesIamanunhappypersonmeanaccor

37、dingtotheauthor?ItmeansYourunhappinessisx,yourhappinessisy,andxy.Cancircumstancesleadtounhappiness?WhatmadeAl-Rahmanunhappyandwhy?Circumstancescanmakepeopleunhappy,AndAl-Rahmansownsearchforwell-beingmadehimunhappy.Becausethepursuitoffame,wealthandpleasureultimatelyprolongshissuffering.Whatarethebiga

38、ndsmallcircumstantialsourcesofunhappinessmentioned?Somepeopleareoppressedorpoororhavephysicalailmentsthatmakelifeachore.Researchunsurprisinglysuggeststhatracismcausesunhappiness.Anothercommonsourceofunhappinessisloneliness.Therearealsosmallercircumstantialsourcesofunhappinessthatordinarydailyactivit

39、iesandinteractionskickupsuchasspendingtimewithonesboss.Whatcanpursuitoffame,wealthandpleasureleadto?Peoplewhopursuedextrinsicgoalssuchasachievingreputationorfameexperiencedmorenegativeemotions,suchasshameandfear.Theyevensufferedmorephysicalmaladies.Peoplewhoratematerialisticgoalslikewealthastopperso

40、nalprioritiesaresignificantlylikeliertobemoreanxious,moredepressedandmorefrequentdrugusers,andeventohavemorephysicalailmentsthanthosewhosettheirsightsonmoreintrinsicvalues.Whataretheastonishinginnovationsgeneratedbyeverydaypeoplesimpulsetofame?Howdidtheymakeusunhappy?Theyaretheadventofrealitytelevis

41、ionandsocialmedia.Youbuildafakelife-oratleastanincompleteone-andshareit.Furthermore,youconsumealmostexclusivelythefakelivesofyoursocialmedia”friends”.Fewthingsareasliberatingasgivingawaytoothersthatwhichweholddear.Wedoyouholddearandwhatareweliberatedfromifwegiveawaytoothers?Whatweshouldholddearareth

42、estrengthtoloveothers,condemnationofmaterialismandadeepskepticismofourownbasicdesires.Andweshouldbeliberatedfromtheformula“Lovethings,usepeople”.AccordingtoBrooksinLovePeople,NotPleasure,whypursuitoffame,money,pleasurecanbringusunhappiness?Pursuitofwhatgoals,doyouthink,canmakeushappy?Justlikedrugsan

43、dalcohol,onceyoubecomeaddicted,youcantlivewithoutit.Welookforthesethingstofillaninneremptiness.Theymaybringabriefsatisfaction,butitneverlasts,anditisneverenough.Andsowecravemore.Intrinsicgoalssuchasdeep,enduringrelationships,areassociatedwithhappierlives.就像酒和药，一旦上瘾，你就不能离开它。我们寻找这些东西来填补内心的空虚。他们可能带来短暂的

44、满足感，但是不会持续，这是远远不够的。所以我们渴望更多。内在目标如深，持久的关系，与快乐的生活。Wh；at花unlt/ppiitus虽mndUihrvlEtitnifltip轴ithhsappiiiEjiTA：H2imin芒曲nndnnh：aTwiiic$也疋terLainl,rdHLcd-bul九疋“olnclii/lvc)jno$ie_A$mil一beinhappierih和iih亡合讥耳亡山址弓holm亡hhchaion亡匕mTlhIsounhapZcrih笛iHUrflgC-Wh,3ren占plt?unliMppy?jX：Pecp亡blmenircumLant亡一uchopprCHwi

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47、si$ant4.EtMtUidugHLutitewtrgllli瓯liH,gxu：al、pipt,cuniKdgiBugIt乩tiiitesji-kn1讪沆re；a$tniji乩gugtiulptkiYPriW：ijntto；aeaiitiidatpmgLghdEtitKk.haLook3pleasure1?A：FrainHntMTluliantaryp亡rspccHv上一Gun亡一w亡yhhndgcxu/YHriel亡丑介inakc：llemar芒LikrkldonourUN/VMotherNalurtdoesnlnalh；care亡ilhe；rwmywh亡Lhervduareunhappi

48、咅h亡_iu$Lwanlg,olllownlio严anotirgen亡liemaltriLFein合philosophitnlpCrSMClhc一v/iLhhanirilug|DurBiiil一ncar)lcHrCHUnacledlaEHriMlhing_yhicalplt?35；iircsdrEavorzmon耳iYicndEand就ran耳crs_W亡lent1白bt?mu耳hiinlhetytlcura”ing加ltlpnjpin書.Whmfhent?E(i:LoEu社u(?ihing%丁A:llrLiquireslh凯lhecuuni耳亡kj疋1111血1亡DriMcdnillhe暑r

49、anglh心lovealher乳nch9$cimdrinnaiMn“FnuilLiriiiliNniand3dix：卩xk亡卩l证抵eofourownbasicdi：5；ire&litm心呂ehf*?!；$:rlLringi亡goHgwere在沾心山皿龍wilhhflppit?rli”eS-$LLChHd亡Cp-Cndijringrel2licin$hip.Ejc1rinicgoal_iich2$nipuiaHonr也me-耳cneTnlctlniLilincnu)Lii)nw_t?3nmcirt心lcckicinsnd空0匕也1modizlopul届mc-Edkingwilhinourenv

50、nrc2thordyiodi2OtTlKalihconl、makelleunhappy-二Tnitharwin吧曲$h2nildboliomthe：bfliwmWn迪nkgirmtrwoNd：IaiiTEifbiiLLne:(bciiEon许h缸youWvhaiy。11沁k_Reading6:Actually,practicedoesntalwaysmakeperfectnewstudy1.WhatisK.AndersEricssonsreportaboutpracticeandsuccess?Whatmightbethereasonstosupporthisconclusion?A:Ther

51、eportisthatwhatseparatestheexpertfromtheamateur,afirst-ratemusicianorchessplayerfromawannabe,isnttalent;itsthousandsofhoursofwork.Practiceistheprimarycontributortoexcellence.Therearethreereasonstoputit:first,itisourcommonsense;second,itistheprotestantworkethic,Wedontliketheideathatsomeonecouldsuccee

52、dwithouteffortorthatlotsofdeliberatepracticemightprovefruitless;atlast,itisthesayingthatnurtureovernature.Tobelievethatperformanceresultsfromeffortcangiveusasenseofegalitarianismandcontrol.B：Successcomesfrompractice.Practicehardandyouwilldowell.Practiceistheprimarycontributortoexcellence.Themoretime

53、youspendtryingtogetbetteratsomething,themoreproficient(skilled)youwillbecome.成功源于实践。努力训练，你会做得更好。训练是卓越主要的贡献者。你花越多的时间试图把事情得到更好，你就越熟练。2.Whyis“timeontask”notalwayscorrect,accordingtotheauthor?(Para.5)A:Researchershavefoundthatonlywhen“achievement”isdefinedasroterecalldowediscoverastrong,linearrelationsh

54、ipwithtime.Whenthefocusisondepthofunderstandingandsophisticatedproblemsolving,timeontaskdoesntpredictoutcomeverywellatall-eitherinreadingormath.B：Onlywhenachievementisdefinedasroterecall,dowediscoverastrong,linearrelationshipwithtime.Whenthefocusisonthedepthofunderstandingandsophisticatedproblemsolv

55、ing,timeontaskdoesntpredictoutcomeverywellatall.只有当“成就”的定义是死记硬背的回忆，我们发现这是一个强的，时间的线性关系。当重点是需要深度了解和解决复杂的问题时，工作的时间就不是很好预测。Howtounderstand“nurtureovernature”?(Para.6)A:Itsmoreegalitariantodeclarethatgeniusesaremade,notborn.Studentsaremorelikelytoembracelearningiftheirperformanceresultsfromeffort,somethi

56、ngundertheircontrol,ratherthanfromafixedlevelofintelligencethattheyeitherpossessorlack.B:Performanceresultsfromeffortratherthanfromafixedlevelofintelligence.Geniusesaremade,notborn.好的表现是需要努力的而不是出于一个固定的智力水平。天才是造的，不是天生的。Whatmightbetheotherfactorsthataffectthequalityofperformance?Andhowaretheyrelated?W

57、hichonedoyouthinkisthemostimportant?A:Theyarestartingage,howopenyouaretocollaboratingandlearningfromothers,howmuchyouenjoytheactivityandintrinsicmotivation.Allofthesefactorsoverlapandserveascatalystsforoneanother,whichmeansthatevenifpracticedoespredictsuccesstosomedegree,thatdoesnotmeanitcausedthesu

58、ccess.Ithinkintrinsicmotivationisthemostimportant,becausethepleasureonetakesfromanactivityisapowerfulpredictorofsuccess.B：Oneishowearlyinlifeyouwereintroducedtotheactivity,othersincludehowopenyouaretocollaboratingandlearningfromothers,andhowmuchyouenjoytheactivity.Allthesefactorsoverlapandserveascatalystsforoneanother.Ithinkthelastoneisthemostimportant.Thepleasureonetakesfromanactivityisapowerfulpredictorofsuccess.一是在你生命中多早进入这个活动，其他包括你多么开放的和别人合作和学习，还有你喜欢这个活动的程度。最后这个最重要。HowiseducationrelatedwithEricssonorMacnamarasresearch?A:Theresearchneverhadtherelevancetoeducationthatsom