新概念Lesson141143被动语态精讲

1、被动语态第一页，共四十六页。1.Many people speak English. English is spoken by many people . Lucky 52 is watched on TV by many people . Football are played by them.2.Many people watch Lucky 52 on TV.3.They play football.第二页，共四十六页。语态：表示主语和谓语动词之间的关系。英语有两种语态，即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Many studen

2、ts study English.(主动语态) English is studied by many students. (被动语态)语态第三页，共四十六页。助动词be变化规则:I用am,you用are,is连着she、he、it.单数is,复数are. 如：The desk is made of wood. The desks are made of wood.He is asked a question by the teacher.被动语态的结构助动词be+及物动词的过去分词不同的时态有不同的被动语态结构1.一般现在时的被动语态结构：第四页，共四十六页。by many students.

3、主动语态变被动语态的方法1.Many students study English.Englishis studied2.They make shoes in that factory.Shoesare madeby themin that factory.第五页，共四十六页。主动语态变被动语态的方法1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。2.把主动语态的谓语变为被动语态的谓语。3.把主动语态的主语变为被动语态的by 短语。（ by短语可以省。 by短语 后跟代词的宾格。）by the teacher.3.The teacher often asks him questions.Heis as

4、kedquestions第六页，共四十六页。1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者They make shoes in that factory. Shoes2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数.are made3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态.4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词 5. 修改原句的主语 -即by+ 主语/ 宾语. by them.主变被解题步骤宾变主,主放后,前加by动变被,看清be, 结构分别be+ pp第七页，共四十六页。They play football on Sunday.Lucy does the homework in the evening.

5、They often use computers in class.We make these machines in Beijing.Football is played by them on Sunday.The homework is done by Lucy in the evening.Computers are often used by them in class.These machines are made in Beijing.第八页，共四十六页。肯定句：主语be + 过去分词(by )否定句：主语be not 过去分词(by )一般疑问句：Be 主语过去分词(by )?

6、特殊疑问句： 疑问词be主语过去分词 (by ) 被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。by many students.Englishis studiedby many students.Englishis not studied第九页，共四十六页。1. They bought ten computers last term by them last term.2.一般过去时的被动语态结构：was/were +过去分词last year.2.We planted many trees last year.Many treeswere

7、 plantedTen computerswere bought第十页，共四十六页。They built the tall building last year.He took good care of his little brother yesterday.We cleaned our classroom just now.They used this room for resting.The tall building was built by them last year.His little brother was taken good care of by him yesterda

8、y.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.第十一页，共四十六页。Look at this and then rewrite the sentences below in the passive, like the example .ActiveSomeone cleans the windows every week .Someone cleaned them last week .PassiveThe windows are cleaned every week .The

9、y were cleaned last week .People often invite me to parties .Someone invited me to one last week I _I _am often invited to parties .was invited to one lastweek .第十二页，共四十六页。Look at this and then rewrite the sentences below in the passive, like the example .ActivePassive3. Someone paints our our house

10、 every year . 4. Some people painted it last year .5. People often overtake him on the road .6. Someone overtake him a minute ago .Our house _It _He_He_ is painted every year . was painted last year . is often overtaken on the road was overtaken a minute ago .第十三页，共四十六页。Look at this and then rewrite

11、 the sentences below in the passive, like the example .ActivePassive7. Someone waters the flowers every day .8. Someone watered them yesterday .The flowers _They _ are watered every day . were watered yesterday .2第十四页，共四十六页。How do they feel ? How did theyfeel ? Rewrite the sentences likethe example

12、.Someone embarrassed her .Something is worrying me .Something excited him .Something is amusing them .She _I _He _They _ was embarrassed .am worried . was excited .are amused3第十五页，共四十六页。3.一般将来时的被动语态结构：will be+过去分词1.They will finish the work in ten days.by them in ten days.The workwill be finished2.T

13、om will clean the room tomorrow.The roomwill be cleanedbyTom tomorrow.第十六页，共四十六页。We will have a sports meeting next week.Children will take some photos in the schoolyard tomorrow.The headmaster will give a talk this afternoon.A sports meeting will be had by us next week.Some photos will be taken by

14、children in the schoolyard tomorrow.A talk will be given by the headmaster this afternoon.第十七页，共四十六页。4.含有情态动词的被动语态结构：can/may/must/should + be+过去分词1.Amy can take good care of Gina by Amy.Ginacan be taken good care of2.You should drink more water.More water should be drunkby you.第十八页，共四十六页。1.He can ta

15、ke care of the baby.2.Lucy may draw the pictures.3.You must turn off the lights.4.They should learn English well. The baby can be taken care of by him.The picture may be drawn by Lucy.The lights must be turned off by you.English should be learned well by them.第十九页，共四十六页。5.现在进行时的被动语态的结构is / am / are

16、+ being 过去分词1.Some workers are painting the rooms nowby some workers now.The roomsare being painted2.He is watching TV.TVis being watched by him.第二十页，共四十六页。6.现在完成时的被动语态的结构have / has been 过去分词1.We have made twenty more keysby us.Twenty more keyshave been made2.We have finished our compositions.Our co

17、mpositionshave been finishedby us.第二十一页，共四十六页。表格：被动态基本结构时态被动语态结构一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般将来时过去将来时现在完成时过去完成时am/is/are donewas/were doneam/is/are being donewas/were being doneshall/will/be going to be donewould be donehave/has been donehad been done第二十二页，共四十六页。6. Another man-made satellite was sent up in

18、to space by them last week (济南市中考题） another man-made satellite into space last week.变主动语态7.People there planted many trees last year. Trees _ _ by people there last year. (青岛市中考题）8. They grow vegetables on the farm. The vegetables _ _on the farm（上海市中考题）They sent upwere planted are grown中考题第二十三页，共四十六

19、页。Look at this and then rewrite the sentences below in the passive, like the example .ActivePassivePresentperfectSomeone has caught the thief.The thief has been caught .Someone has cleaned the windows .The windows have beencleaned .Futurewith willSomeone will catch the thief soon .The thief will be

20、caught soon .Someone will clean the windows .The windows will be cleaned . A: Has my watch been repaired yet ? (soon) B: _ _ No, Im sorry. It hasnt been repaired yet, but it will be repaired soon .第二十四页，共四十六页。Look at this and then rewrite the sentences below in the passive, like the example .2. A: H

21、ave those letters been typed yet ? (this afternoon) B: _ _ No, Im sorry. They havent been typed yet, but they will be typed this afternoon .3. A: Has my room been tidied yet ? (at the weekend) B: _ _ No, Im sorry. It hasnt been tidied yet, but it will be tidied at the weekend .A: Have the children b

22、een invited to the party yet ? (next week ) B: _ _ No, Im sorry. They havent been invited yet, but they will be invited next week .第二十五页，共四十六页。Look at this and then rewrite the sentences below in the passive, like the example .5. A: Has John been told yet ? (tomorrow) B: _ _ No, Im sorry. He hasnt b

23、een told yet, but he will be told tomorrow .A: Have those jobs been finished yet ?(by 6 oclock) B: _ _ No, Im sorry. They havent been finished yet, but they will be finished by 6 oclock .2第二十六页，共四十六页。My daughter was invited to a childrens party. 我的女儿被邀请到一个儿童聚会 。I havent been told about it . 没有人告诉我这件

24、事被动语态的用法（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁.Its / was said / believed / reported / + that Its reported that about three hundred people were killed in this earthquake. 据报道，这次地震中大约有三百人死亡。 （2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。The cup was broken by David.（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型.第二十七页，共四十六页。 I was given a book by him. （以I做主语） A book wa

25、s given to me by Tom. （以物book作主语） We are taught English by him. （以人当主语） English is taught to us by him. （以物作主语）被动语态的几种类型1.带双宾语句子的被动语态.（指物的宾语叫直接宾语， 指人的宾语叫间接宾语）常见的接双宾语的动词有: to: pass, give, teach, show, bring, hand for: make, buy, draw, sing, get,以“人”当主语时，变法和一般的变法一样；以“物”当主语时，在保留的间接宾语前必须加to或for.如：1.He g

26、ave me a book. 2.He teaches us English. 第二十八页，共四十六页。keep, make 三类的动词常常有宾语补足 语，在被动语态中，宾语补足语位置不变。 We keep food fresh in the fridge. 主 谓 宾 宾补 Food is kept fresh in the fridge. I saw him go into the office building. He was seen to go into the office building. 2.含有宾语补足语的句子的被动语态第二十九页，共四十六页。They take good

27、care of my child. My child is taken good care of .I turned off the radio. The radio was turned off (by me) 3.含有短语的主动语态变被动语态第三十页，共四十六页。下列这些短语本身即是被动语态的形式，不需再加by be covered with 用覆盖着 be interested in 对感兴趣 be surprised at 对感到惊奇 be made of （from）用制造的动词短语的被动语态 take care of be taken care of cut down be cut

28、 down laugh at be laughed at look afterbe looked after第三十一页，共四十六页。即feel , hear , listen , have , make , let , look , watch , see , notice ，这些词在主动句中，其后的动词不定式不加to，但变被动句时必须加to. 1.I saw him play basketball last Sunday.Hewas seento play basketball last Sunday.2.We heard them sing in the classroom.Theywas

29、 heardto sing in the classroom.4.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态第三十二页，共四十六页。（1）当主动结构中的宾语是反身代词和相互代词 时，不能改为被动语态。 We often help each other. 我们常常互相帮助。 （2）当谓语是表状态的及物动词时（如have , like , take place , belong to ） 如： I like these flowers. 我喜欢这些花。 I will have a meeting. 不说A meeting will be had. 应说A meeting will be held . 5.不能用

30、于被动语态的几种情况第三十三页，共四十六页。 把下列句子变成被动语态:A car knocked him down yesterday.2）Two doctors and ten nurses make up the medical team3）When I got there, they were cutting up a fallen treeA fallen tree was being cut up, when I got there.He was knocked down by a car yesterdayThe medical team is made up of by twoP

31、ractice第三十四页，共四十六页。4)Well put on the play next Sunday5)Workers are building a new teaching building in our school6)They had completed the railway by the end of last year The play will be put on next SundayA new teaching building is being built by workers in our schoolThe railway had been completed b

32、y the end of last year第三十五页，共四十六页。填空（完成被动语态填空） 1. They often clean their classroom after school . （改为被动语态） Their classroom _ often _ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week . （同上） A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week . iscleanedwas given byPractice第三十六页，共四十六页。3. A lot of people in Chin

33、a can speak English now . （同上） English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. （同上） English _ _ _ for about two years. 5. They will publish these story-books next month. （同上） These story-books _ _ _ next month. can be spokenhas been learnedwill be publis

34、hed第三十七页，共四十六页。1. In some countries , tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served 2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980. A. have been taken place B. took place C. have taken place D. were taken place3. The new type of car is going to _ in three years. A. turn out

35、 B. be turned out C. has turned out D. have been turned out4. The woman murdered her friend and _ to _. A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , die C. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die被动语态专项练习：选择填空第三十八页，共四十六页。5. Do you like the skirt ? It _ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt6. Are y

36、ou still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who _ for ? A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do you wait 7. _ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says 8. I want to sit at the table near the window. Sorry , _ already. A. it took B. it takes C. it is

37、taking D. it has been taken第三十九页，共四十六页。9. The letter _ three days ago and it_ yesterday. A. had post , had arrived B. was posted , arrived C. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived10. He told me that the final examination _ next Thursday. A. is given B. will be given C. would have given D

38、. would be given11. Water _ into ice. A. will changed B. must be changed C. should change D. can be changed 12. Plays _ twice a month in that theatre. A. put on B. are put on C. was put on D. often put on 第四十页，共四十六页。 13. The birds _ fly away last Saturday. A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. were l

39、et to 14. A strange sound _ yesterday evening. A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard 15. A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates. A. sent to B. will sent to C. was sent to D. will be sent for 16. Miss Chen _ just _ to speak at the meeting. A. has been asked B. has been asked C. Have been asked D. have been asked17. Meat _ out in this shop . We can _ now. A. have been sold , get nothing B. has been so