课例说明和讲解2

中考英语总复习之阅读篇——阅读技巧训练之语境猜词法说明1：在中考英语阅读中，我们主要从以下五点方法训练以提高学生阅读的效率：带题阅读法抓首、尾句法有意设问法（巧用五个W）词义猜测法找信息源法在本节课例里，主要训练的是学生猜词的能力。在猜词方法上主要分为两种情况：1、孤立地根据构词法猜测词义。2、在语境中根据上、下文猜测词义。说明2：引出Wordshavetheirownfamily,课例以Everyonehastheirownfamilytoo.简单介绍英语单词的构词法。其中包括说明初中英语常见的前、后缀的意思及介绍合成词。这就是猜词的第一大方法：一、根据构词法猜词在学生对构词法有了初步的印象之后进行一个简单的练习。练习1：Matchthemeaningwiththenewwords.1.rebuildA.不安全的2.modernizeB.误解的3.man-madeC.重建4.unsafeD.现代化5.misunderstandingE.人造的说明3：事实上绝大多数单词不是孤立出现的。如何在特定语境中猜测词义？课例以dissent、jog、numb三个新单词切入，导出三个利用不同方法在语境中猜词的句子：1．Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.2．Whydoesjogging--runningslowly--becomesopopular?3．It'sreallycoldoutside,andmyhandsarebothnumb.帮助学生通过观察和探究性学习，总结出语境猜词的简单规律，主要有以下三点：根据关联词猜词；根据定义、释义、举例或复述猜词；根据生活经验及普通常识猜词。从归纳到总结，再由总结重新回到实例。通过展示实例巩固规律。二、根据关联词猜词表示因果关系的：because，as，since，for，so，asaresult，ofcourse，表示同义关系的：and,or,similarly，like，justas，also表示反义关系的：though,unlike,instead(of),ratherthan,ontheotherhand,still,but，while，however,yet,eventhough,although等等。例如：Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwassofaint.（faint：昏暗的）Tomisveryrude,buthisbrotherisquitepolite.（polite：有礼貌的）Sheisbeautiful,andherdaughterisasprettyasher.（pretty：漂亮的）三、根据定义、释义、举例或复述猜词常用的：be，or，thatistosay，inotherwords，becalled，tobe,referto,beknownas,mean或破折号或定语从句等来表示。Janeiswarm-hearted,shelikestohelp.（warm-hearted：热心的）Porkisthemeatofpigs.（pork：猪肉）Iloveanyofcomedies:Mr.Bean,KongFu,CrazyStone.（comedy：喜剧）四、根据生活经验及普通常识猜词Chinaisourmotherland.（motherland：祖国）Kangaroomothershavepouchestocarrytheirbabies.（pouch：育儿袋）说明4：在学生对规律有了一定理解后，教师有层次地安排相应的练习，加深并巩固学生的印象。练习2：Choosetherightmeaningofthenewwordsinsentences.1.Alotoftheworld’sresourcesnaturallikeoilcomefrompoorcountries.A.环境B.资源C.汽油2.Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread.A.帽子B.雨鞋C.眼镜3.Mymomwasalittleheavy.AndIwasalmostasplumpasmymom.A.丰满B.苗条C.强壮4.Childrenhaveschoolbagswithtwostrapstocarrythem.A.口袋B.肩带C.纽扣练习3：Lookattheblackboard.Trytoguessthemeaningofthenewwordsasquicklyasyoucan.Wealthymeanshavinglotsofmoney.（wealthy：富裕的，有钱的）Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltoyourhealth.（detrimental：有害的）Mymother-in-law,myhusband’smother,wasateacher（mother.-in-law：婆婆）Theboyhadahappyfamilybefore.However,afterthewar,hebecamehomeless（.homeless：无家可归的）Youmuststopdreamingandfacereality.说明4：简单介绍在阅读中可以直接避开生词的情况，提高学生中考阅读的效率。五、巧妙避开生词我们这里所说的巧妙绕开生词的方法和上面分析文章结构特点的思路是统一的，也就是说，只要我们从总体上把握了文章，不用认识每一个单词也能照样理解整篇文章。1、英语文章中不是所有的词的功能都是同等的， 有些词担负着传达主要信息的功能， 而有些词主要起语法作用或者它所传达的信息和下文的其他信息没有联系。这类词有：表示人名，地名，机构名等专有名词。遇到这些词，只要我们能辨认出它是专有名词，就能理解文章而不必知道它的意思。2、如果我们对文章中的某一个单词不熟悉，我们可以根据文章中的其他信息来帮助判断。这类信息有：同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号（如破折号、冒号都表示解释和说明）等。或者该词如果不影响做题的话我们就直接绕开忽略这个生词。说明5：实战操练：从历年中考题中先精选一篇阅读理解文章的第一段，尝试将所学的猜词方法运用到实际习题中，然后完成整篇阅读文章。（A篇为课堂练习，B、C为课后练习）练习4：Guessthenewwords’meaninginpassage.Lastweek,alltheteachersandstudentsofourschoolwatchedaspecialperformancebysomedisabledpeople.Thefirstprogramwasadancenamed“TheLightofLife.”Tomysurprise,allthedancershadlostoneoftheirlegs.Astheyareperforming,Icouldseehowtheyhadhavetofacesomanydifficulties.However,theyshowedusmanywonderfulprograms.Fromtheseprograms,Icouldseehowlivelytheirmindswere.练习5：ReadingComprehension.ALastweek,alltheteachersandstudentsofourschoolwatchedaspecialperformancebysomedisabledpeople.Thefirstprogramwasadancenamed“TheLightofLife.”Tomysurprise,allthedancershadlostoneoftheirlegs.Astheyareperforming,Icouldseehowtheyhadhavetofacesomanydifficulties.However,theyshowedusmanywonderfulprograms.Fromtheseprograms,Icouldseehowlivelytheirmindswere.Thetwopersonswhocameoutnextshockedusall.Thefirstonewasasinger.Hewasveryyoung,butunfortunately,hehadlostbothofhishandsinabigfire.ThesonghebroughtuswasAutumn”andhesangitinsuchalowandsweetvoice.Thoughitwaswarmspring,IfeltalittlecoldwhenIheardthesong,asifitwasreallylateautumn.“Howmuchloveandfeelingishiddenheart?Iwishtoholdyourhandsagain.”hearingthis,Icouldn’tkeepbackmytears.Theotheronewasalsoayoungman.Helostbothofhisarmswhenhewassix.Fromthenon,hisfeetbecamehis“hands”.However,hecouldmanageanumberofthingswithhisfeet.Whatmovedusmostwashisfeet-writing.Thetwowords“FlyingHigh”expressedhiswishes.“Ifyourwingsaregone,yourheartcanstillfly,saidZhangHaidi,”adisabledwriter.Intheworld,therearemanydisabledpeople,yetmostofthemdon ’tgivein.Theyhawishesandbeautifuldreams.JustasZhangHaidisaidtheycouldstillfly.Disabilitydoesn ’tmeancomplete（彻底的） failure.Onceyoutryhard,miracleswillhappensoonerorlater.Ibelievewherethereisawill,thereisaway.1.Theteachersandstudents_____lastweek.A.sawafilm B.heldaparty C.watchedaperformance2.Whydidthewriterfeelcoldwhenheheardthesong “LateAutumn ”?______A.Becauseitwascoldatthatmoment.B.Becauseitwaslateautumnandtheweatherwascool.C.Becausethesongwasmoving.3.Theunderlinedword “shocked”probablymeans________.A.surprised B.crashed C.warned4.“FlyingHigh ”expressedthewishesof________.A.apersonwithnoarms B.apersonwithneitherhandsnorfeet.5.Whatdoyouthinkisthebesttitleforthispassage?_____A.AStrangeWriterB.SomeDisabledpeopleC.ASpecialPerformanceBIlefthomeforNewZealandtostartmynewlifeonmy15thbirthday.MyfatherandmothertookmetoHongKong,wherewehadtosaygoodbye.Whenweweresayinggoodbye,IsuddenlyfeltafraidthatIhadneverhadbefore.ThiswasthefirsttimeIhadtraveledsofarbymyself.Andgoingtoafar-awayplaceIhaveneverbeenbeforemademefeelterrible.IheldbackmytearsuntilIcouldnolongerseemyparents.AsIwaswipingawaymytears,Irealizedthat,fromthatmomenton,Iwouldhavetodoeverythingbymyself.AftermyarrivalinWellington,myteacher,Ms.Lang,showedmearoundmynewschool.Afewdayslater,Istartedhavingclasses.Therewereonly20studentsineachclass.Onlymaths,science,socialstudiesandEnglishwerecompulsory,andstudentscouldchooseothersubjectsforthemselves,Ichosemusic,Japaneseandhealth.InNewZealand,studentsareveryactiveinclass.Andteachersarenotasserious.Theyoftenletusplaygamesinclass.Wecansitwithanyonewelike,andtheteachercansitatherowndeskoratastudent’sdesk.Theschoolhadaneasymanner,withfewrules.Becausetherewasnohomework,wecouldjoinclubsordoanythingweliked.Ialwayswenttothelibraryafterschool,whereIfoundalotofbookstohelpwithmystudies.StudyinginNewZealandisverydifferentfromstudyinginChina.InNewZealand,studentsdependonthelibrarytogainknowledgeinsteadofwaitingforwhatteachersaskthemtodo.Timewentfast.ThetwomonthsafterIarrivedflewby.Thenaweekofexamsbegan.Ididnothavetotaketheseexams,becauseIhadonlybeenattheschoolforashorttime.However,mymathsteacherencouragedmetotakethemathsexam,asshethoughtIcoulddowell.Thoughtherewasn ’tmuchpressureonme,IworkedveryhardtogetreadyfortheexambecauseIknowthatnopainmeansnogain.Whenthedayoftheexamcame,IfoundthatIfinishedthepaperfasterthantheotherstudents.Oneweeklater,myteachertoldthewholeclasswhohadgotthetopmark:Itwasme!Igot94percent.Allmyclassmateswereveryhappyandsaidcongratulationstome.Itwasoneofthehappiestdaysofmylife.6.ThewordWellington“”inhetfourthparagraphisthenameof_______.A.thewriter ’snewteacher B.thewriter ’snewschoolWhenshewaswipingawayhertears,thewriterrealizedthat________.shewouldstartanewlifeinNewZealandallbyherself.shecouldnolongerseeherparentsinHongKong.C.shehadtosaygoodbyetoherparents.8.Theword “compulsory”inthesixthparagraphmeans_______inChinese.A.必修的 B.选修的 C.义务的Thewriteralwayswenttothelibrarybecause________.shemustgetreadyfortheexamsshewantedtogainknowledgewiththehelpofmanybooksshehadnohomeworkandhadnothingtodoThewriterdidn’thavetotaketheexams,________.soshefoundshefinishedthepaperfasterthantheothersbutshethoughtshecoulddowellandtookthemathsexambutshetookthemathsexamanddidbestofallinitCManyexpressionsinAmerica,asinothercountries,comefromthenamesofpeople.“JohnHancock”isthebestknownexample.Hancockwasarichman.HehelpedthepatriotsintheAmericanRevolutionandbecameaheadinthewaragainstBritain.HewasoneofthefirstmentosigntheDeclarationofIndependence.Yetheisrememberedbestforhislargesignature.ThestoryistoldthatwhenHancocksatdowntosigntheDeclarationofIndependence,hesaidthathewouldwritehissignaturelargeenoughforJohnBulltoreadwithouthisg