2019年12月英语六级真题第2套

2019年12月六级第二套PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispartyouareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofhavingasenseofsocialresponsibility.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Itfocusesexclusivelyonjazz.B)Itsponsorsmajorjazzconcerts.C)IthasseveralbranchesinLondon.Itoriginatedwithcowboys.D)Itdisplaysalbumsbynewmusictalents.B)Itsmarkethasnowshrunk.C)Itslistenersaremostlyyoungpeople.Itsdefinitionisvariedandcomplicated.D)Itremainsaswidespreadashiphopmusic.B)Itisstillgoingthroughexperimentation.C)Itisfrequentlyaccompaniedbysinging.D)Itsstylehasremainedlargelyunchanged.B)Takemusiclessons.D)Consuljazzmusicians.Learntoplaythem.C)Listentothemyourself.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Shepaidhermortgage.C)Shemadeabusinessplan.B)Shecalledontheman.D)Shewenttothebank.6.A)Herpreviousdebthadn’tbeenclearedyet.B)Hercredithistorywasconsideredpoor.D)Shedidn’tpayhermortgageintime.C)Shehadapparentlyaskedfortoomuch.7.A)Payadebtlongoverdue.C)Startherownbusiness.B)Buyapieceofproperty.D)Checkhercredithistory.8.A)Seekadvicefromanexpertaboutfundraising.B)Askforsmallerloansfromdifferentlenders.C)Buildupherownfinancesstepbystep.SectionBD)Reviseherbusinessproposalcarefully.Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA)，B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Itisprofitableandenvironmentallyfriendly.B)Itiswelllocatedandcompletelyautomated.C)Itissmallandunconventional.D)Itisfertileandproductive.Theirurgetomakefarmingmoreenjoyable.B)Theirdesiretoimprovefarmingequipment.C)Theirhopetorevitalizetraditionalfarming.D)Theirwishtosetanewfarmingstandard.Itsavesalotofelectricity.B)Itneedslittlemaintenance.D)Itloosenssoilwhileweeding.C)Itcauseshardlyanypollution.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Ithasturnedcertaininsectsintoanewfoodsource.B)IthasstartedonexpandbusinessoutsidetheUK.C)Ithasimportedsomeexoticfoodsfromoverseas.D)IthasjoinedhandswithSainsbury’stosellpetinsects.Itwasreallyunforgettable.C)Ithurtshisthroatslightly.B)Itwasapleasantsurprise.D)Itmadehimfeelstrange.Theyaremoretastythanbeef,chickenorpork.B)Theyaremorenutritiousthansoupsandsalads.C)Theycontainmoreproteinthanconventionalmeats.D)Theywillsoongainpopularitythroughouttheworld.Itisenvironmentallyfriendly.C)Itrequiresnewtechnology.SectionCB)Itisapromisingindustry.D)Itsaveshugeamountoflabor.Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.Tocategorizedifferenttypesoflearners.B)Tofindoutwhatstudentsprefertolearn.C)Tounderstandthemechanismofthehumanbrain.D)Toseeiftheyareinherenttraitsaffectinglearning.Itwasdefective.B)Itwasmisguided.D)Itwasthought-provoking.C)Itwasoriginalindesign.Auditoryaidsareasimportantasvisualaids.B)Visualaidsarehelpfultoalltypesoflearners.C)Readingplaintextsismoreeffectivethanviewingpictures.D)Scientificconceptsarehardtounderstandwithoutvisualaids.Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.Notplayingaroleinaworkplacerevolution.B)Notbenefitingfromfree-marketcapitalism.C)Notearningenoughmoneytoprovideforthefamily.D)Notspendingenoughtimeonfamilylifeandleisure.Peoplewouldbeworkingonlyfifteenhoursaweeknow.B)Thebalanceofpowerintheworkplacewouldchange.C)Technologicaladvanceswouldcreatemanynewjobs.D)Mostworkerscouldaffordtohavehouseoftheirown.Lossofworkers’personaldignity.B)Deprivationofworkers’creativity.C)Deteriorationofworkers’mentalhealth.D)Unequaldistributionofworkinghours.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.ItistheworstmanagedairportinGermanhistory.B)ItisnowthebiggestandbusiestairportinEurope.C)IthasbecomesomethingofajokeamongGermans.D)IthasbecomeatypicalsymbolofGermanefficiency.Thecity’sairportsareoutdated.B)Thecityhadjustbeenreunified.D)Thecitywantedtoattractmoretourists.C)Thecitywantedtoboostitseconomy.Themunicipalgovernmentkeptchanginghands.B)Theconstructionfirmbreachedthecontract.C)Shortageoffundingdelayeditsconstruction.D)Problemsofdifferentkindskeptpoppingup.TourismindustryinBerlinsuffers.B)Allkindsofequipmentgetsrusted.D)Complaintsbylocalresidentsincrease.ReadingComprehension(40minutes)C)Hugemaintenancecostsaccumulate.PartIIISectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thepersistenthazeovermanyofourcitiesisareminderofthepollutedairthatwebreathe.Over80%oftheworld’surbanpopulationisbreathingairthatfailstomeetWorldHealthOrganizationguidelines,andanestimatedmillionpeopledied26fromoutdoorairpollutionin2015.Globally,urbanpopulationsareexpectedtodoubleinthenext40years.Anextra2billionpeoplewillneednewplacestolive,servicesandwaystomovearoundtheircities.Whatismoreimportant,thedecisionsthatwemakenowaboutthedesignofourcitieswill27theeverydaylivesandhealthofthecominggenerations.Sowhatwouldthecomponentsofasmog-free,oratleastlow-pollution,citybelikeTraffichasbecome28withairpollution,andmanycountriesintendtobanthesaleofnewpetrolanddieselcarsinthenexttwodecades.Butsimply29toelectriccarswillnotmeanpollution-freecities.Thelevelofemissionstheycausewilldependonhowtheelectricitytorunthemis30,whilebrakes,tyresandroadsallcreatetinyairborne31astheywearout.Acrossthedevelopedworld,caruseisindeclineasmorepeoplemovetocitycenters,whileyoungpeopleespeciallyare32forothermeansoftravel.Researchersarealreadyaskingifmotorvehicleusehasreachedits33andwilldecline,buttransportplannershaveyettocatchupwiththis34,insteadlayingnewroadstotackletrafficusersofLondon’sorbitalM25motorwaywillknow,newroadsrapidlyfillwithmoretraffic.IntheUS,studieshaveshownthatdoublingthesizeofaroadcan35doublethetraffic,takingusbacktothestartingpoint.A)alternateF)mergedK)prematurelyB)crownG)miniaturesL)simplyC)determineH)optingM)switchingD)generatedI)particlesN)synonymousE)locatingJ)peakO)trendSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowMuchProteinDoYouReallyNeed[A]Themarketingistempting:Getstrongermusclesandhealthierbodieswithminimaleffortbyaddingproteinpowdertoyourmorningshakeorjuicedrink.Orgrabaproteinbaratlunchorforaquicksnack.Today,youcanfindproteinsupplementseverywhere—onlineoratthepharmacy,grocerystoreorhealthfoodstore.Theycomeinpowders,pillsandmorethan$12billioninsalesthisyear,theindustryisboomingand,accordingtothemarketresearchcompany,GrandViewResearch,isontracktosellbillionsmoreby2025.ButdowereallyneedallthissupplementalproteinItdepends.Therearepros,consandsomeho-humstoconsider.[B]Forstarters,proteiniscriticalforeverycellinourbody.Ithelpsbuildnails,hair,bonesandmuscles.Itcanalsohelpyoufeelfullerlongerthaneatingfoodswithoutprotein.And,unlikenutrientsthatarefoundonlyinafewfoods,proteinispresentinallfoods.“ThetypicalAmericandietisalothigherinproteinthanalotofusthink,”saysregistereddietitianAngelaPipitone.“It’sinfoodsmanyofusexpect,suchasbeef,chickenandothertypesofmeatanddairy.Butit’salsoinfoodsthatmaynotcomeimmediatelytomindlikevegetables,fruit,beansandgrains.”[C]Ternment’srecommendeddailyallowance(RDA)fortheaverageadultis50to60gramsofproteinaday.Thismaysoundlikealot,butPipitonesays:“Wegetbitsofproteinhereandthereandthatreallyaddsupthroughouttheday.”Take,forexample,breakfast.Ifyouatetwoeggstoppedwithalittlebitofcheeseandanorangeontheside,youalreadyhave22gramsofprotein.Eachegggivesyou7grams,thecheesegivesyouabout6gramsandtheorange—about2grams.Addalunchofchicken,riceandbroccoli,andyouarealreadyovertherecommended50grams.“YoucangetenoughproteinandmeettheRDAbeforeyouevengettodinner,”saysPipitone.[D]Soifit’ssoeasytogetyourproteininfood,whyaddmoreintheformofpowders,snackbarsoraboostatyourlocaljuicebarNoneedto,saysPipitonebecause,infact,mostofusalreadygetenoughproteininourdiet.“Wholefoodsarealwaysthebestoptionratherthanaddingsupplements,”shesays,notingtheFDAdoesnotregulatesupplementsasrigorouslyasfoodsortherecouldbelessprotein,moresugarandsomeadditivesyouwouldn’texpect,suchascaffeine.[E]Ifyouareconsideringasupplement,readthelistofingredients,shesays,althoughthisisnotalwaysreliable.“I’veseenveryexpensiveproteinsupplementsthatclaimtobehighqualitybuttheymightnotreallybebeneficialfortheaveragehealthyadult,”shesays.“Itcouldjustbeawasteofmoney.”[F]Buttherearecertainsituationsthatdowarrantextraprotein.“Anytimeyou’rerepairingorbuildingmuscle,”Pipitonesays,suchasifyou’reanextremeenduranceathlete,trainingforamarathon,oryou’reabodyyou’remoderatelyexercisingfor150minutesaweek,astheCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionrecommends,orlessthanthat,you’reprobablynotanextremeathletesexpendlotsofenergybreakingdownandrepairingandbuildingmuscles.Proteincangivethemtheedgetheyneedtospeedthatprocess.[G]Veganscanbenefitfromproteinsupplementssincetheydonoteatanimal-basedproteinsourceslikemeat,dairyoreggs.And,forsomeonealwayson-the-gowhomaynothavetimeforameal,aproteinsnackbarcanbeagoodoptionforoccasionalmeal,individualsrecoveringfromsurgeryoraninjurycanalsobenefitfromextraprotein.So,too,canolderpeople.Ataroundage60,“musclesreallystarttobreakdown,”saysKathrynStarr,anagingresearcher,“andbecauseofthat,theproteinneedsofanolderadultactuallyincreases.”[H]Infact,alongwithhercolleagueConnieBales,Starrrecentlyconductedasmallstudythatfoundthataddingextraproteinfoodstothedietofobeseolderindividualswhoweretryingtoloseweightstrengthenedtheirmuscles.Participantsinthestudywereseparatedintotwogroups—onegroupwasaskedtoeat30gramsofproteinpermealintheformofwholefoods.Thatmeanttheywereeating90gramsofproteinaday.Theothergroup—thecontrolgroup—wasputonatypicallow-caloriedietwithabout50to60gramsofproteinasixmonths,researchersfoundthehighproteingrouphadsignificantlyimprovedtheirmusclefunction—almosttwiceasmuchasthecontrolgroup.“Theywereabletowalkfaster,hadimprovedbalance,andwerealsoabletogetupoutofachairfasterthanthecontrolgroup,”Starr67participantswereover60yearsofage,andbothgroupslostaboutthesameamountofweight.[I]Starrisnowlookingintowhetherhigh-proteindietsalsoimprovethequalityofthemuscleitselfinseniors.She’susingCTscanstomeasuremusclesizeandfat,andcomparingseniorsonahigh-proteindiettothoseonregulardiets.Shesaysherfindingsshouldbeavailableinacoupleofmonths.[J]Inthemeantime,70-year-oldCorlissKeith,whowasinthehighproteingroupinStarr’slateststudy,saysshefeelsabigdifference.“Ifeelexcellent,”shesays.“IfeellikeIhaveadifferentbody,Ihavemoreenergy,I’mstronger.”ShesayssheisabletotakeZumbaexerciseclassesthreetimesaweek,workoutonthetreadmill,andtakelong,briskwalks.Keithalsolostmorethan15pounds.“I’mafashionableperson,sonowI’mbackinmy3-inchheels,”shesays.[K]Aspeopleage,Starrsaysmusclestrengthiskeytohelpingthemstaystrongandcontinuelivingontheirownintheirownhome.“Ifeelverymuchalivenow,”saysKeith.“IfeellikeIcouldstaybymyselfuntilI’m100.”[L]ButcanpeopleoverdoproteinPipitonesaysyoudohavetobecareful.Otherresearcherssaytoomuchproteincancausenausea,headaches,andisalsoariskwhenyoueattoomuchprotein.Pipitonesaysifyouincreaseprotein,youalsohavetoincreaseyourfluidintake.“Ialwaystellpeopletomakesurethey’redrinkingenoughfluids,”whichfortheaveragepersonis60to70ouncesaday,whichtranslatesintoeight8-ounceglassesofwaterorliquidperday.[M]Therehavebeensomeindicationsthatextraproteinmakesthekidneysworkharder,whichcouldbeproblematicforindividualswithahistoryofkidneydiseaseandforthem,thesupplementsmayincreasetheriskofkidneystones,shesays.[N]Bottomline,ifyouthinkyouneedmoreproteininyourdiet,considerthesequestions:Areyouareanextremeathlete;areyourecoveringfrominjuryorsurgery;orareyou60yearsorolderIfso,addinghighproteinfoodslikeeggsandmeatproductstoyourdietcanbe,ifyou’renotsure,itisalwaysagoodideatocheckwithyourprimarycareprovider.36.Itisquiteeasyforonetotakeintherecommendedamountofprotein.37.Pipitoneclaimsthathealthyadultsneednotspendmoneyonproteinsupplements.38.Theproteinsupplementbusinessisfoundtobethriving.39.Proteincanspeedtherepairingofdamagedmuscles.40.Proteinsupplementsmayoverburdensomeinternalorgan,thusleadingtoitsmalfunctioning.41.Olderadultsneedtotakeinmoreproteintokeeptheirmusclesstrong.42.Proteinisfoundinmorefoodsthanpeoplemightrealize.43.Additionalproteinwasfoundtohelpstrengthenthemusclesofoverweightseniorsseekingweightloss.44.Pipitonebelievesthatwholefoodsprovidethebestsourceofprotein.45.Peopleareadvisedtodrinkmoreliquidwhentheytakeinmoreprotein.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Lastyear,achildwasbornatahospitalintheUKwithherheartoutsideherbody.Fewbabiessurvivethisrarecondition,andthosewhodomustendurenumerousoperationsandarelikelytohavecomplexhermotherwasinterviewed,threeweeksafterherdaughter’sbirth,shewasaskedifshewaspreparedforwhatmightbeadauntingtaskcaringforher.Sheansweredwithouthesitationthat,asfarasshewasconcerned,thiswouldbea“privilege”.Rarelyhastherebeenabetterexampleofthepowerofattitude,oneofourmostpowerfulpsychologicaltools.Ourattitudesallowustoturnmistakesintoopportunities,andlossintothechancefornewbeginnings.Anattitudeisasettledwayofthinking,feelingand/orbehavingtowardsparticularobjects,people,eventsorideologies.Weuseourattitudestofilter,interpretandreacttotheworldaroundus.Youweren’tbornwithattitudes.They’realllearned,andthishappensinanumberofways.Themostpowerfulinfluencesoccurduringearlychildhoodandincludebothwhathappenedtoyoudirectly,andwhatthosearoundyoudidandsaidinyourpresence.Asyouacquireadistinctiveidentity,yourattitudesarefurtherrefinedbythebehaviorsofthosewithwhomyouidentify—yourfamily,thoseofyourgenderandculture,andthepeopleyouadmire,eventhoughyoumaynotknowthempersonally.Friendshipsandotherimportantrelationshipsbecomeincreasinglyimportant,particularlyduringthatsametimeandthroughoutadulthood,theinformationyoureceive,especiallywhenideasarerepeatedinassociationwithgoalsandachievementsyoufindattractive,alsorefineyourattitudes.Manypeopleassumethatourattitudesareinternallyconsistent,thatis,thewayyouthinkandfeelaboutsomeoneorsomethingpredictsyourbehaviortowardsthem.However,manystudieshavefoundthatfeelingsandthoughtsdon’tnecessarilypredictgeneral,yourattitudeswillbeinternallyconsistentonlywhenthebehavioriseasy,andwhenthosearoundyouholdsimilarbeliefs.That’swhy,forexample,manysaytheybelieveinthebenefitsofrecyclingorexercise,butdon’tbehaveinlinewiththeirviews,becauseittakesawareness,effortandcouragetogobeyondmerelystatingyoubelievesomethingisagoodidea.Oneofthemosteffectivewaystochangeanattitudeistostartbehavingasifyoualreadyfeelandthinkthewayyou’dpreferto.Takesometimetoreflectonyourattitudes,tothinkaboutwhatyoubelieveandwhy.IsthereanythingyouconsideraburdenratherthanaprivilegeIfso,startbehaving—rightnow—asifthatisthecase.46.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutattitudeA)Itshapesourbeliefsandideologies.B)Itimprovesourpsychologicalwellbeing.C)Itdetermineshowwerespondtoourimmediateenvironment.D)Itchangesthewaywethink,feelandinteractwithoneanother.47.Whatcancontributetotherefinementofone’sattitude,accordingtothepassageA)Theiridols’behaviors.B)Theireducationallevel.D)Theirinteractionwithdifferentcultures.C)Theircontactwiththeoppositegender.48.Whatdomanystudiesfindaboutpeople’sfeelingsandthoughtsA)Theymaynotsuggesthowapersonisgoingtobehave.B)Theyareinawayconsistentwithapersonsmentality.C)Theymaynotfindexpressionininterpersonalrelations.D)Theyareinlinewithaperson’sbehaviornomatterwhat.49.Howcomemanypeopledon’tdowhattheybelieveisgoodA)Theycan’taffordthetime.C)Theyarehypocritical.B)Theyhavenoideahowto.D)Theylackwillpower.50.WhatisproposedasastrategytochangeattitudeA)Changingthingsthatrequireonesimmediateattention.B)Startingtoactinawaythatembodiesone’saspirations.C)Adjustingone’sbehaviorgraduallyoveraperiodoftime.D)Consideringwaysofreducingone’spsychologicalburdens.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.IndustrialfishingforkrillintheunspoiledwatersaroundAntarcticaisthreateningthefutureofoneoftheworld’slastgreatwildernesses,accordingtoanewreport.ThestudybyGreenpeaceanalyzedthemovementsofkrillfishingvesselsintheregionandfoundtheywereincreasinglyoperating“intheimmediatevicinityofpenguincoloniesandwhalefeedinggrounds”.Italsohighlightsincidentsoffishingboatsbeinginvolvedingroundings,oilspillsandaccidents,whichitsaidposedaseriousthreattotheAntarcticecosystem.Thereport,publishedonTuesday,comesamidgrowingconcernabouttheimpactoffishingandclimatechangeontheAntarctic.AglobalcampaignhasbeenlaunchedtocreateanetworkofoceansanctuariestoprotecttheseasintheregionandGreenpeaceiscallingforanimmediatehalttofishinginareasbeingconsideredforsanctuarystatus.FridaBengtssonfromGreenpeace’sProtecttheAntarcticcampaign,said:“Ifthekrillindustrywantstoshowit’saresponsibleplayer,thenitshouldbevoluntarilygettingoutofanyareawhichisbeingproposedasanoceansanctuary,andshouldinsteadbebackingtheprotectionofthesehugetractsoftheAntarctic.”AglobalcampaignhasbeenlaunchedtoturnahugetractofAntarcticseasintooceansanctuaries,protectingwildlifeandbanningallwascreatedintheRossSeain2016,anotherreserveisbeingproposedinavastareaoftheWeddellSea,andathirdsanctuaryisunderconsiderationintheareawestoftheAntarcticpeninsula—akeykrillfishingarea.TheCommissionfortheConservationofAntarcticMarineLivingResources(CCAMLR)managestheseasaroundAntarctica.ItwilldecideontheWeddellSeasanctuaryproposalataconferenceinAustraliainOctober,althoughadecisiononthepeninsulasanctuaryisnotexpecteduntillater.KeithReid,asciencemanageratCCAMLRsaidtheorganizationsought“abalancebetweenprotection,conservationandsustainablefishingintheSouthernOcean.”Hesaidalthoughmorefishingwastakingplacenearerpenguincoloniesitwasoftenhap