美国历史课件

AmericanIndiansAmericanIndians1TheBeringStraitTheBeringStrait2ChristopherColumbus-discoveredAmericain1492ChristopherColumbus-discovere3TheUnitedStatesofAmericaTheUnitedStatesofAmerica4EarlyAmericaFirstBritishsettlementatJamestown,Virginia(ChesapeakeBay)in1607In1620,agroupofPuritanssetoutforVirginiaonboardtheMayflowersomehowreachedPlymouthharbor(MassachusettsBay)After1680,Englandceasedtobethechiefsourceofimmigration,asgreatnumberscamefromGermany,Ireland,Scotland,Switzerland,andFranceforvariedreasonsEarlyAmericaFirstBritishse5JamestownJamestown6JamestownSettlementJamestownSettlement7MayflowerMayflower8ReasonsforImmigration(1607-1830)

PoliticalFreedomReligiousToleranceEconomicOpportunity-Peoplewantabetterlife-betterjob-moremoneyPoliticalRefugeesfearfortheirlivesSomewantfreeatmosphereForcedImmigration(Slavery)FamilyReunificationTherearetwotypesofmotivationforimmigrationPush(needtoleaveinordertosurvive)Pull(attractedtonewwayoflife).ReasonsforImmigration(1607-913ColoniesDefinition:TheEnglishcoloniesfoundedalongtheAtlanticcoastofAmericaVirginia1607NewYork1626Massachusetts1630Maryland1633Connecticut1636RhodeIsland1636Delaware1638NewHampshire1638NorthCarolina1653SouthCarolina1663NewJersey1664Pennsylvania1682Georgia1732GeorgiaS.CN.C.VirginiaDPenn.N.J.N.Y.Mass.N.H.CRM13ColoniesDefinition:TheEn10TheroadtoIndependenceTheRoyalProclamationof1763MolassesActof1733theSugarActof1764TheCurrencyActof1764theQuarteringActof1765TheStampActof1765theDeclaratoryActof1766.ThisactassertedtheauthorityofParliamenttomakelawsbindingthecolonies"inallcaseswhatsoever."TheTownshendActsof1767(-1770)Boston"TeaParty"(1773)the"CoerciveorIntolerableActs"TheAmericanRevolution1775-1783theTreatyofParisTheroadtoIndependenceTheR11WestwardExpansionandSectionalConflictsthe"LouisianaPurchase"in1803MissouriCompromiseof1820TheNullificationCrisisin1832Texanindependence(1836)WarwithMexicoin1846theTreatyofGuadalupeHildagoinwhichMexicocededtheSouthwestregionandCaliforniafor$15million.TheCompromiseof1850theKansas-NebraskaAct"bleedingKansas."AbrahamLincolnelectedaspresidentin186011Southernstatessecededin1861CivilWar1861-1865WestwardExpansionandSection12GrowthandTransformationIndustrialRevolutionCorporationRevolutioninAgriculturePopulationGrowthGrowingCitiesTransportationDevelopmentGrowthandTransformationIndu13War,ProsperityandDepressionWorldWarI(1914-1918)TheBooming1920'sTheGreatDepressionWar,ProsperityandDepression14TheNewDealandWorldWarIITheNewDealandWorldWarII15PostwarAmericaColdWarColdWarathome(McCarthyEra)TheCivilRightsMovement(origin)PostwarAmericaColdWar16DecadesofChangeTheVietnamWarDétenteTheCivilRightsMovementUS-SovietRelationEndofColdWarDecadesofChangeTheVietnam17ImmigrationPerDecadeImmigrationPerDecade18Peaks/wavesofimmigrationThecenturyfollowing1820canbedividedinto3greatperiodsofimmigration,or"waves."Thesethreehaveimmigrantscomingfromprimarilythreedifferentregions.(thereismoredetailbelow):1820-1860,GreatBritain,Ireland,andWesternGermany.

1860-1890,Theabovecountriescontinuedtoprovide,aswellasScandinavianNations.

1890-1910,ThemajoritywasAustria,Hungary,Italy,andRussia,upuntilWorldWar1.

From1905until1914,anaverageofmorethanamillionaliensyearlyenteredtheU.S.WiththeoutbreakofWorldWar1,thenumberdeclinedsharply.In1921thenumberagainrose,butonlyforashorttimeuntilchangingconditionsinEuropeaswellasnewU.S.LawsgoverningImmigrationwereestablished.Peaks/wavesofimmigrationThe191607-1830

Theslavestradethrivedthroughthe18thcentury.AfricathusmadeasubstantialadditiontotheAmericanpopulation.Therewereabout500,000AfricanAmericansherebythetimeoftheAmericanRevolution.Thegreatmajoritywereslaves.Theuniquequalityofthismigrationhadplantedtheseedsofdifficultythatwouldpermanentlymarkthenation1607-1830

Theslavestradethr201830-1890InthedecadeprecedingtheelectionofLincoln,2,598,214immigrantscametoU.S.mainlyfromGreatBritain,Ireland,andGermanywithfewfromNorway,Sweden,andtheNetherlands

Afterthepanicof1857andoutbreakoftheCivilWar,immigrationdeclined,butaftercollapseofConfederacy,immigrationassumedahugevolumeagainNotuntilthe1840'sdidwaveafterwaveofimmigrationwasdepositedonAmericanshoresfrompracticallyeverycountryofEuropeThisiswhereIrishimmigrationbeganitswave,especiallyafterthepotatocropfailureThis"EraofMassImmigration"wasinitiallyfromnorthernandwesternEuropeThe1830'swasasurgeofGermanimmigrantsIn1848,withthediscoveryofGold,therewasaspurofChineseandLatinAmericanimmigrantstothewestcoastInthe1870'slargenumberofScandinavians,Chinese,andCanadiansimmigratedtotheU.S.1840'sand1850's-1.5millionimmigrants1840's-1880's(Germans)-4millionimmigrantsTotalnumberofimmigrantsinthiswaveisabout7.5million1830-1890Inthedecadeprecedi211890-1924

Chineseimmigrationwasstoppedin1892&1902In1907Japaneseimmigrationwaslimited

1890-1924

Chineseimmigration221968-Present

Cubanimmigrationpickedupsharplyduringthe1950'sasaresultofincreasingpoliticalturmoilinCubaManyofthefirstCubanstofleeCastro'sdictatorshipintheearly1960'swerefromwealthyfamiliesandwerewelleducatedTheU.S.,grantedasylumtothesepeopleandofferedfederalhelptoqualifiedapplicantsinfindinghomesandinmakingjobcontactsMostlaterCubanimmigrantswererelativesofthefirstgrouporwerepoorpeoplelookingforworkAmajorinfluxofCubanimmigrantswasthearrivalin1980oftheMarielitosTheMarielitoswereabout125,000peoplethattheCubangovernmentwantedoutofCubaTheyincludedmanyunskilledworkers,criminals,andmentallyillpeopleThesepeoplewereputaboardboatsattheCubanportofMariel,andsenttoMiamiTheU.S.governmentallowedthesepeopletoenter,notknowingthatsomeofthemwerecriminalsSomewereplacedinU.S.prisonsManyofthemwererehabilitatedandreleasedFewwerereturnedtoCuba1968-Present

Cubanimmigration231830-1890

Nationality

PrimarilyIrishandBritishimmigratedtoAmericaduringthistimeperiod.

Circumstances

Irish:TheIrishimmigratedtoAmericaforseveralreasons,oneofwhichwasthepotatofaminethatkilledoveramillion.Alongwiththis,theyresentedtheBritishruleoftheircountry,andtheBritishlandlords.ThisincludedtheBritishProtestantismandBritishtaxes.Withthistherewastheonsetofprolongeddepressionandsocialhardship.Irelandwassoravagedbyeconomiccollapse,thatinruralareas,theaverageageofdeathwas19.Bythe1830'sIrishimmigrationwasgrowingquickly,andin1945withthepotatofamine,thenumberofimmigrantsskyrocketed.

British:ThereasonstheBritishcametoAmericaarenotnearlyasdetailedasthereasonsfortheIrishcominghere.TheBritishcametosimplylookforbetteropportunitiesofwork.1830-1890

Nationality24ReasonsforImmigration1890-1924Germanscameafterthe1848revolutionJewscameforreligiousfreedomItaliansandAsianscameforWorkRussianscametoescapepersecutionAmericahadjobsAmericahadreligiousfreedomAmericawashypedupinmanycountriesas"LandofOpportunity"ReasonsforImmigration1890-1925IndianReservationIndianReservation26USpopulationbyraceUSpopulationbyrace27PopulationChartPopulationChart28Population(1)Population

275,562,673(July2000est.)Agestructure

0-14years:21.25%(male29,956,875;female28,597,880)

15-64years:66.11%(male90,345,154;female91,827,471)

65yearsandover:12.64%(male14,472,865;female20,362,428)(2000est.)Populationgrowthrate

0.91%(2000est.)Population(1)Population

275,29Population(2)Birthrate

14.2births/1,000population(2000est.)Deathrate

8.7deaths/1,000population(2000est.)Netmigrationrate

3.5migrant(s)/1,000population(2000est.)Sexratio

atbirth:1.05male(s)/female

under15years:1.05male(s)/female

15-64years:0.98male(s)/female

65yearsandover:0.71male(s)/female

totalpopulation:0.96male(s)/female(2000est.)Population(2)Birthrate

14.230Population(3)Infantmortalityrate

6.82deaths/1,000livebirths(2000est.)Lifeexpectancyatbirth

totalpopulation:77.12years

male:74.24years

female:79.9years(2000est.)Population(3)Infantmortality31Population(4)Ethnicgroups

white83.5%,black12.4%,Asian3.3%,Amerindian0.8%(1992)

note:aseparatelistingforHispanicisnotincludedbecausetheUSCensusBureauconsidersHispanictomeanapersonofLatinAmericandescent(especiallyofCuban,Mexican,orPuertoRicanorigin)livingintheUSwhomaybeofanyraceorethnicgroup(white,black,Asian,etc.)Population(4)Ethnicgroups

w32Population(5)Religions

Protestant56%,RomanCatholic28%,Jewish2%,other4%,none10%(1989)Languages

English,Spanish(spokenbyasizableminority)Literacy

definition:age15andovercanreadandwrite

totalpopulation:97%

male:97%

female:97%(1979est.)Population(5)Religions

Prote33177517753417901790351800180036181018103718201820381830183039AmericanIndiansAmericanIndians40TheBeringStraitTheBeringStrait41ChristopherColumbus-discoveredAmericain1492ChristopherColumbus-discovere42TheUnitedStatesofAmericaTheUnitedStatesofAmerica43EarlyAmericaFirstBritishsettlementatJamestown,Virginia(ChesapeakeBay)in1607In1620,agroupofPuritanssetoutforVirginiaonboardtheMayflowersomehowreachedPlymouthharbor(MassachusettsBay)After1680,Englandceasedtobethechiefsourceofimmigration,asgreatnumberscamefromGermany,Ireland,Scotland,Switzerland,andFranceforvariedreasonsEarlyAmericaFirstBritishse44JamestownJamestown45JamestownSettlementJamestownSettlement46MayflowerMayflower47ReasonsforImmigration(1607-1830)

PoliticalFreedomReligiousToleranceEconomicOpportunity-Peoplewantabetterlife-betterjob-moremoneyPoliticalRefugeesfearfortheirlivesSomewantfreeatmosphereForcedImmigration(Slavery)FamilyReunificationTherearetwotypesofmotivationforimmigrationPush(needtoleaveinordertosurvive)Pull(attractedtonewwayoflife).ReasonsforImmigration(1607-4813ColoniesDefinition:TheEnglishcoloniesfoundedalongtheAtlanticcoastofAmericaVirginia1607NewYork1626Massachusetts1630Maryland1633Connecticut1636RhodeIsland1636Delaware1638NewHampshire1638NorthCarolina1653SouthCarolina1663NewJersey1664Pennsylvania1682Georgia1732GeorgiaS.CN.C.VirginiaDPenn.N.J.N.Y.Mass.N.H.CRM13ColoniesDefinition:TheEn49TheroadtoIndependenceTheRoyalProclamationof1763MolassesActof1733theSugarActof1764TheCurrencyActof1764theQuarteringActof1765TheStampActof1765theDeclaratoryActof1766.ThisactassertedtheauthorityofParliamenttomakelawsbindingthecolonies"inallcaseswhatsoever."TheTownshendActsof1767(-1770)Boston"TeaParty"(1773)the"CoerciveorIntolerableActs"TheAmericanRevolution1775-1783theTreatyofParisTheroadtoIndependenceTheR50WestwardExpansionandSectionalConflictsthe"LouisianaPurchase"in1803MissouriCompromiseof1820TheNullificationCrisisin1832Texanindependence(1836)WarwithMexicoin1846theTreatyofGuadalupeHildagoinwhichMexicocededtheSouthwestregionandCaliforniafor$15million.TheCompromiseof1850theKansas-NebraskaAct"bleedingKansas."AbrahamLincolnelectedaspresidentin186011Southernstatessecededin1861CivilWar1861-1865WestwardExpansionandSection51GrowthandTransformationIndustrialRevolutionCorporationRevolutioninAgriculturePopulationGrowthGrowingCitiesTransportationDevelopmentGrowthandTransformationIndu52War,ProsperityandDepressionWorldWarI(1914-1918)TheBooming1920'sTheGreatDepressionWar,ProsperityandDepression53TheNewDealandWorldWarIITheNewDealandWorldWarII54PostwarAmericaColdWarColdWarathome(McCarthyEra)TheCivilRightsMovement(origin)PostwarAmericaColdWar55DecadesofChangeTheVietnamWarDétenteTheCivilRightsMovementUS-SovietRelationEndofColdWarDecadesofChangeTheVietnam56ImmigrationPerDecadeImmigrationPerDecade57Peaks/wavesofimmigrationThecenturyfollowing1820canbedividedinto3greatperiodsofimmigration,or"waves."Thesethreehaveimmigrantscomingfromprimarilythreedifferentregions.(thereismoredetailbelow):1820-1860,GreatBritain,Ireland,andWesternGermany.

1860-1890,Theabovecountriescontinuedtoprovide,aswellasScandinavianNations.

1890-1910,ThemajoritywasAustria,Hungary,Italy,andRussia,upuntilWorldWar1.

From1905until1914,anaverageofmorethanamillionaliensyearlyenteredtheU.S.WiththeoutbreakofWorldWar1,thenumberdeclinedsharply.In1921thenumberagainrose,butonlyforashorttimeuntilchangingconditionsinEuropeaswellasnewU.S.LawsgoverningImmigrationwereestablished.Peaks/wavesofimmigrationThe581607-1830

Theslavestradethrivedthroughthe18thcentury.AfricathusmadeasubstantialadditiontotheAmericanpopulation.Therewereabout500,000AfricanAmericansherebythetimeoftheAmericanRevolution.Thegreatmajoritywereslaves.Theuniquequalityofthismigrationhadplantedtheseedsofdifficultythatwouldpermanentlymarkthenation1607-1830

Theslavestradethr591830-1890InthedecadeprecedingtheelectionofLincoln,2,598,214immigrantscametoU.S.mainlyfromGreatBritain,Ireland,andGermanywithfewfromNorway,Sweden,andtheNetherlands

Afterthepanicof1857andoutbreakoftheCivilWar,immigrationdeclined,butaftercollapseofConfederacy,immigrationassumedahugevolumeagainNotuntilthe1840'sdidwaveafterwaveofimmigrationwasdepositedonAmericanshoresfrompracticallyeverycountryofEuropeThisiswhereIrishimmigrationbeganitswave,especiallyafterthepotatocropfailureThis"EraofMassImmigration"wasinitiallyfromnorthernandwesternEuropeThe1830'swasasurgeofGermanimmigrantsIn1848,withthediscoveryofGold,therewasaspurofChineseandLatinAmericanimmigrantstothewestcoastInthe1870'slargenumberofScandinavians,Chinese,andCanadiansimmigratedtotheU.S.1840'sand1850's-1.5millionimmigrants1840's-1880's(Germans)-4millionimmigrantsTotalnumberofimmigrantsinthiswaveisabout7.5million1830-1890Inthedecadeprecedi601890-1924

Chineseimmigrationwasstoppedin1892&1902In1907Japaneseimmigrationwaslimited

1890-1924

Chineseimmigration611968-Present

Cubanimmigrationpickedupsharplyduringthe1950'sasaresultofincreasingpoliticalturmoilinCubaManyofthefirstCubanstofleeCastro'sdictatorshipintheearly1960'swerefromwealthyfamiliesandwerewelleducatedTheU.S.,grantedasylumtothesepeopleandofferedfederalhelptoqualifiedapplicantsinfindinghomesandinmakingjobcontactsMostlaterCubanimmigrantswererelativesofthefirstgrouporwerepoorpeoplelookingforworkAmajorinfluxofCubanimmigrantswasthearrivalin1980oftheMarielitosTheMarielitoswereabout125,000peoplethattheCubangovernmentwantedoutofCubaTheyincludedmanyunskilledworkers,criminals,andmentallyillpeopleThesepeoplewereputaboardboatsattheCubanportofMariel,andsenttoMiamiTheU.S.governmentallowedthesepeopletoenter,notknowingthatsomeofthemwerecriminalsSomewereplacedinU.S.prisonsManyofthemwererehabilitatedandreleasedFewwerereturnedtoCuba1968-Present

Cubanimmigration621830-1890

Nationality

PrimarilyIrishandBritishimmigratedtoAmericaduringthistimeperiod.

Circumstances

Irish:TheIrishimmigratedtoAmericaforseveralreasons,oneofwhichwasthepotatofaminethatkilledoveramillion.Alongwiththis,theyresentedtheBritishruleoftheircountry,andtheBritishlandlords.ThisincludedtheBritishProtestantismandBritishtaxes.Withthistherewastheonsetofprolongeddepressionandsocialhardship.Irelandwassoravagedbyeconomiccollapse,thatinruralareas,theaverageageofdeathwas19.Bythe1830'sIrishimmigrationwasgrowingquickly,andin1945withthepotatofamine,thenumberofimmigrantsskyrocketed.

British:ThereasonstheBritishcametoAmericaarenotnearlyasdetailedasthereasonsfortheIrishcominghere.TheBritishcametosimplylookforbetteropportunitiesofwork.1830-1890

Nationality63ReasonsforImmigration1890-1924Germanscameafterthe1848revolutionJewscameforreligiousfreedomItaliansandAsianscameforWorkRussianscametoescapepersecutionAmericahadjobsAmericahadreligiousfreedomAmericawashypedupinmanycountriesas"LandofO