新视野大学英语1

UnitThreeAGoodHearttoLeanonBackgroundInformationManhattanisanislandinNewYorkBayatthemouthoftheHudsonRiver.ItisoneofthefiveboroughsthatcomprisetheCityofNewYork.ItisalsoNewYorkCity'sbusinessandculturalcenter.ManhattanisconnectedbybridgesandtunnelstoNewJerseytothewest,andthreeNewYorkCityboroughs,theBronxtothenortheastandBrooklynandQueenonLongIslandtotheeastandsouth.Pre-readingactivitiesInthisstory,amandescribesthathefeltashamedwhenwalkingdownthestreetwithhiscrippledfatherwhenhewasyounger.Hedidnotlikethewaypeoplestaredatthetwoofthem.Hisfather,ontheotherhand,nevershowedthathenoticedother'sreactiontohisdisability.Hewasveryactiveandoftentookpartinactivitieswithhisson.Overtime,thesonlearnedthathisfatherhadaverygoodheart.Hisfatherhasbeengoneformanyyearsnowandheregretsnottellinghimhowmuchheadmiredhim.Heoftenrememberstheexamplehisfatherset.AnswertoQuestionOne:Becausehisfatherwascrippled.AnswertoQuestionTwo:hefeltashamedtobewithhisfatherwhenhewasyounger.Nowheregretsnottellinghisfatherhowmuchheadmiredhim.Vocabularylean:vi.beagainstawallorothersurface他喜欢斜靠在桥栏杆上看着船只经过。Shewasleaningonthebridge,watchingtheboatsgoby.她斜靠在公园的树上读书。Shewasleaningagainstatreeinthepark,readingabook.bendinacertaindirection比萨斜塔theLeaningTowerofPisa他俯身向前,听那小女孩说什么。Heleantforwardtohearwhatthelittlegirlsaid.leanon:dependon他们有困难时总寻求我们的帮助。Theyalwaysleanonuswhentheyareintrouble.这位部长依靠他的顾问提供信息和建议。Theministerleanedonhisadvisersforinformationandadvice.Hewasseverelycrippledandveryshort severe:a.verybadorserious他头部的伤很严重。Hisheadinjurieswerequitesevere.庄家歉收造成粮食严重短缺。Thebadharvestledtoseverefoodshortages.severely:ad.seriously房子在去年地震中遭到严重损害。Thehousewasseriouslydamagedinanearthquakelastyear.17岁那年她在ー次车祸中严重伤残。Shewasseverelydisabledinthecarcrashattheageof17.cripple:vt.makesomeoneunabletowalkormoveproperlybecauseofdamagetothebackorlegsacripplingblow:致残的ー击那次车祸使他终生残废。Thecarcrashcrippledhimforlife.n.[C]someonewhoisphysicallydisabled,especiallysomeonewhoisunabletowalk.我们爱椅子下面装了轮子,残疾人能用它们四处移动。Weputwheelsonthesechairssothatcripplescouldusethemtomovefromoneplacetoanother.Culturalnotes:whereasatonetimeitmighthavebeenacceptabletocallapersona“cripple”ifinjuriesordeformitieskepthimfromwalkingproperly,itisnolongerso.Nowadaysweusetheterms“handicappedperson"or"disableperson/individual"insteadof“cripple".Someespeciallysensitivepeopleprefertheterms"handi-capableperson"and"specially-ableperson".Iwouldinwardlystruggleattheunwantedattention:Itriedtoovercomemyfeelingofembarrassmentcausedbythepeoplewatchedus;Ididnotwantthemtowatchus.Ifheevernoticedorwasbothered,heneverleton:Henevershowedthathewasawareofitortroubled.leton:makeknown;tellsomeonesomething别泄露有关会议的任何消息。Don'tletonanythingaboutthemeeting.我想他所知道的内情比他准备透露的要多。Ithinkheknowsmoreaboutitthanhe'spreparedtoleton.Itwasdifficulttocoordinateoutsteps--hishalting,mineimpatient:WehaddifficultwalkingtogetheratthesamespeedbecausehewasslowandunsteadyandIwalkedquickly,havingnopatiencetowaitforhim coordinate:vt.cause(differentparts,bodyparts,etc.)toworktogetherverywell.那项计划协调得不好,所以失败了。Theplanwasnotverywellcoordinated,soitfailed.我们必须齐心协カ去帮助遭受水灾的灾民。Wemustcoordinateoureffortstohelppeopleaffectedbytheflood.halt:v.stop政府正采取措施抑制房价上涨。Thegovernmentistakingmeasurestohalttheriseinhousingprices.n.[singular]astoporpause生产因罢工而停顿下来。Productionwasbroughttoahaltbythestrike.公共汽车突然停了下来,避免了一场车祸。Thebuscametoahaltsuddenlytopreventanaccident.impatient:a.easilyannoyed;notpatient.对学东西慢的学生,教师不应该没有耐心。Ateachershouldnotbeimpatientwithslowlearners.Butaswestartedout,he'llalwayssaid,“yousetthepace,I'lltrytoadjusttoyou/':Butwhenwebeganourwalk,healwayssaid,"yousetthespeedofyourwalkandtwilltrytochangemyspeedtokeepup.”startout:begingoingsomewhere我们一早出发,这样可以在天黑之前到达最高峰。Westartedoutearlysothatwecouldreachthesummitbeforenightfall.pace:n.[singular]speedofwalkingorrunning他悠闲地往前走。Heproceededataleisurelypace.年轻人看了一下手表,加快了步伐。Theyoungmanquickenedhispaceafterglancingathiswatch.[singular]thespeedatwhichsomethinghappens.许多人抱怨现代生活的快节奏。Manypeoplewerecomplainingaboutthefastpaceofmodemlife.公司决定放慢开发新产品的速度。Thecompanydecidedtoslowdownthepaceofnewproductdevelopment.vi.walkwithslow,regular,evensteps他在急诊室外踱来踱去等医生回来。Hepacedoutsidetheemergencyroomashewaitedforthedoctortocomeback.他踱来踱去,思考解决问题的办法。Hepacedbackandforthashewasthinkinghowtosolvetheproblem.adjust:becomeormakesuited(tonewconditions);change我的眼睛还未适应房中的黑暗。Myeyeshaven'tadjustedtothedarknessintheroomyet.Hewenttoworksick...:Hewenttoworkevenwhenhewasill...Heretheadjective"sick"indicatesaclause"evenwhenhewassick".Examples:Hewenttobedhungrylastnight.Thetomatoesshouldbepickedgreen....despitenastyweather:althoughtheweatherwasverybad.despite:prep.Inspiteof尽管年龄悬殊，他们还是密友。Despitethedifferenceintheiragestheywereclosefriends.尽管雨雪交加,我们还是一大早就走了。Despitetherainandsnow,wewentatearlydawn.makeit:managetoarriveontime我想我们会及时到达。Ithinkwe'lljustmakeit!想要在超市关门前赶到那里,我们必须抓紧时间。We'Hhavetohurryifwewanttomakeittothesupermarketbeforeitcloses.besuccessfulatsomething想在演艺圈出人头地,并非易事。It'shardtomakeittothetopintheshowbusiness.多年之后,他爬上了公司上层。Yearslater,hemadeittotheupperlevelsofthecorporateladder.Oncethere,hewouldclingtothehandrail...Assoonashegotthere,hewouldholdontothehandrailforsupport...Oncethere:thesubjectandtheverb"be"canbeomitted.Once(theyare)inbed,thechildrenusuallygotosleepveryquickly.Once(itis)damaged,ittakesmanyyearsfortheenvironmenttorecover,cling:vi.holdsomeoneorsomethingtightly我紧抓住一颗树,支撑着我的身体。Iclungtooneanotherforsupportmyself.他们互相紧抓对方,相互支持。Theyclungtooneanotherforsupport.Continuetobelieveordosomething他抱着ー个信念:儿子还活着。Shestillclingstotheideathathersonisalive.他们固守着旧的做事方法。Theyclingtoalltheoldmethodsofdoingthings.freeof:notcontainingsomethingunpleasant我们需要一个没有战争的世界。Whatweneedisaworldfreeofwar.膳食免费供应。Mealsareprovidedfreeofcharge.subjecthimselftosuchshameandstress:makehimexperiencesuchshameandstress.Subject:vt.causetoexperiencesomethingunpleasant.他受到了严刑拷打。Hewassubjectedtoseveretorture.科学家对这种产品进行了数次测试。Thescientistssubjectedtheproducttoanumberofsevereplaint:[C,U]awrittenorspokenstatementinwhichsomeonesaystheyarenotsatisfiedwithsomething.如果你有意见,请与客户服务部联系。Ifyouhaveanycomplaints,pleasecontactourcustomerservicesdepartment我们的聚会非常吵闹,为此警方接到好几起投诉。Thepolicereceivedseveralcomplaintsaboutthenoisefromourparty.nor:Thereversedorderisusedin“nor"clause.我从未撒过谎,现在我也不打算破这个理例。Ihaveneverbeendishonest,nordoIplantostartbeingsonow.我从未去过巴黎,我妻子也没去过。IhaveneverbeentoParis,norhasmywife.unabletoengageinmanyactivities...:Althoughhewasunabletotakepartinmanyactivities...Here"unableto../'isusedtoshowconcession.InEnglish,adjectivesoradjectivephrasesareoftenused,especiallyatthebeginningofasentence,toshowreason,concession,etc.Moreexamples:Gladtoaccept,theboynoddedhisagreement.Anxiousforaquickdecision,thechairmancalledforavote.Rathernervous,themanopenedtheletter.engage:vi.(causeto)takepartinorbeinvolvedinsomething官员们不应参加商业活动。Officialsshouldnotengageinbusinessaffairs.那位教授日夜从事科学研究。Theprofessorengageshimselfinresearchdayandnight.Vt.employsomeonetodoaparticularjob.我聘用他做些日常工作。Ihaveengagedhimtodoroutinejob.公司雇佣她为新的销售经理。Thecompanyhasengagedherasitsnewsalesmanager.Attractsomeone'sattentionandkeeptheminterested那款新玩具不能长时间地吸引儿童的注意力。Thenewtoydidn'tengagethechildforlong.我喜欢玩吸引我的注意力、使我积极开动脑筋的游戏。Iliketoplaygamesthatengagemymindandkeepmybrainactive.haveagoodtimejustsittingandwatchinghaveagood/hard/difficulttime+v-ing我费了好大劲オ找到你。Ihadahardtimefindingyou.她好不容易劝说她接受那份工作。Shehadadifficultpersuadinghimtoacceptthejob.occasion:[C]atimeatwhichsomethinghappens.我在办公楼里几次遇见她,没多久就成了好朋友。Imetheronseveraloccasionsintheofficebuilding,anditwasnotlongbeforewebecamegoodfriends.你来的那个时候我不在家。Ontheoccasionofyourvisit,Iwasnotathome.breakout:begintohappen.如果火灾发生,是不是每个人都知道该怎么办?Doeseveryoneknowwhattodoifafirebreaksout.他们开始打架时,我正好在房间。Iwasintheroomwhenthefightbetweenthembrokeout.content:a.satisfiedandhappy我不满足于美丽的梦想,我要的是美丽的现实。Iamnotcontentwithbeautifuldreams:Iwantbeautifulrealities.身居陋室,整日作画,他已心满意足。He'sperfectlycontenttoliveinasimpleroomandtopaintpicturesallday.aid:vt.givehelporsupport他被指控为恐怖份子提供帮助。Hewasaccusedofaidingtheterrorists.n.[U]help他们举行了一场音乐会,筹款来帮助那家经费拮据的医院。Theyheldaconcerttomakemoneyinaidifthepoorhospital.urge:vt.stronglysuggestthatsomeonedoessomething我劝他休假一年,去欧洲学绘画。IurgedhimtotakeayearofftostudydrawinginEurope.队长鼓励自己的队员更努力ー点，去赢得比赛。Thecaptainurgedhisteamtogreatereffortstowinthegame.n.[C]astrongwishorneed我突然有一种冲动,想告诉老板我对他的看法。IhadasuddenurgetotellthebosswhatIthoughtofhim.我们应该克制自己对金钱的欲望。Weshouldcontroloururgeformoney.takeadive:agreetoloseafightorgamedishonestly,especiallyaboxingmatch.Thisisaslangexpression,oftenusedasametaphor,meaning“pretenddefeat”,asitisusedinthissentence.Thephrasecomesfromprofessionalboxingwhenboxerispaidinsecretbygamblerstolose,sothegamblerscanwintheirbet.onleave:awayfromworkorduty我休假回来会很忙。WhenIreturnonleave,Iwillbeverybusy.他盼望休假。Heislookingforwardtogoingonleave.see(toit)that:makesurethatsomethingisdone父亲确保我的业余时间不会白白浪费。Fathersawtoitthatmuchofmysparetimewasnotwasted.务请注意不要再迟到。Seethatyouarenotlateagain.Hehasbeengonemanyyearsnow...:Hehasbeendeadformanyyearnow...(Euphemism)reluctant:unwillingandthereforeslowtodosomething他勉强作了承诺。Hegaveareluctantpromise.他们很不愿意帮助别人。Theywereveryreluctanttohelpothers.worthy:a.(表语或定语)他是个值得重视的对手,我很高兴与他正面交锋。He'saworthyopponent,andIamhappytofacehim.她证明了自己是前任冠军当之无愧的继任者。Sheprovedherselfaworthysuccessortotheformerchampion.她的行为令人钦佩。Herexcellentbehaviorisworthyofadmiration.这是ー场值得称赞的演出。Thisisaperformanceworthyofplain:saythatoneisnotsatisfiedwithsomething他向我抱怨饭菜不好。Hecomplainedaboutthefoodtome.他们加班加点工作,从不抱怨。Theynevercomplainedaboutworkingextratime.她抱怨没人去火车站接她。Shecomplainedthatnoonewenttotherailwaystationtomeether.When^complain"means“saythatonehasapain,illness,etc.",thepreposition"ofisusuallyused.他去找医生,说自己呼吸困难。Hewenttothedoctorcomplainingofdifficultyinbreathing.envious:a.(of)wantingsomethingthatsomeonehaveit.我十分羡慕你的新工作,真希望自己也能有这份工作。Iamveryenviousofyournewjob;IwishIcouldhaveit.嫉妒之人永不会满足。Anenviousmanshallneverbehappyforthethingshehas.TextStructureThepassageisafirstpersonnarrative,whichdescribesmyfather'sgoodheart.Therearemanythingsthatmakeagoodheart,suchashavingtheabilitytodealwithembarrassment,beinghardworking,havingself-discipline,possessingthecouragetosubjectoneselftoshameandstress,andnotshowinganyenvytowardthemorefortunateorable.Apersonwithagoodheartsetsanexamplethatotherpeoplecanfollow,andagoodheartisaproperstandardtojudgepeople.Thewriterusesdifferentwritingtechniques,suchasexemplification,metaphor,andflashback.Thepassagealsocontainsthewriter'sowncommentsandreflections.Thepassagecanberoughlydividedintofourparts.PartOne(P1-4).Allthefourparagraphsareflashbacksaboutwhatthewritercanrecallofhisfather.P1:thetraitsofagoodheart:theenduranceofembarrassment.P2:hisfathersettingastandardforhimtoadjusttoandfollow:"yousetthepace.Iwilltrytoadjusttoyou：'(metaphor)P3,4:ahard-working,self-disciplinefather.PartTwo(5-6).Itisthewriter'scomments:hefeelsamazedatthecourageforhisfathertosubjecthimselftosuchshameandstresswithoutanycomplaint.PartThree(7-10).Itisthewriter'sreflectionsonwhata"goodheart''meansandthenherecallsmoreandmorehowhisfatherdisplayedhisgoodheartintheupcomingparagraphs.PartFour(11-13).Thesethreeparagraphsaremainlythewriter'sowncommentsandreflections.Hisfatherwasveryproudofhimandlivedthroughhisexperiences.Thenthewritercontrastshisfather's"goodheart"withhisown"bad''heart.Headmittedthathisfatherwasagreatermanthanheis.Thelastparagraphisatouchingending.Thewriterrealizedthathisfatherhadhelpedhimkeephisbalanceinlife,justashehelpedhisfatherkeepbalanceduringtheirwalks.Herethemetaphorappearsonceagaintoshowthatitishisfatherwhosetsaproperstandardforhimtoadjusttoandfollow.SentencestructureExercises6HehadhisearspiercedeventhoughItoldhimnotto.Itwasanexcitinggameeventhoughnogoalswerescored.Exercise7AfterlearningsomesimpleChinese,theAmericangirlwasableto...Whendoingthewritingexerciseforthiscourse,youshould...Untilfinished,theproblemwasacontinuousworrytome...Whileworkingatthecomputer,theyoungmanwas...Thegrasswillgrowmorequicklyifwateredregularly.VI.TranslationChineseintoEnglishIhavedecidedtoacceptthenewpost,eventhoughthejobisnotverywellpaid.Thejobhasbeentakentobeverysimpleuntil(itis)actuallystarted.NowthatyouarepanningtomovetoCanada,youmusttrytoadjusttocoldweatherinwinter.4.Hepromisedtohelpustobuythehouse,butwithalittlereluctance.Thisisanimportantmeeting.Pleaseseetoitthatyouarenotlateforit.Heisanexperiencesbusinessmanwhohasengagedinforeigntradeforquiteafewyears.EnglishinChinese.他决心向那个女孩谈谈自己的计划,即使他知道她很可能拒绝听。. ー离开那条长长的正街,他就发现自己身处城里十分贫穷的区域。.听到那首歌,我不禁悲从中来，想起了那些困苦的日子。.每个想过健康生活的人,都必须在工作和娱乐之间寻求适当的平衡。.我的第一位老板真让人讨厌,让每个人日子难过似乎是他的乐趣。我干了没多久就走人了。.你能确保在本周末之前完成这项工作吗?伦敦有重要公干,总公司正在考虑派你去。RewritingoftheTextWithsuchdifferentwritingtechniquesasexemplification,metaphor,flashback,etc.,theprose“AGoodHearttoLeanon“tellsusthatthewriter'sfatherisphysicallycrippled,buthehasagoodheartandsetsagoodexamplefortheson,whichhelpshimovercomethedifficulties.Thewriterrecallshisfather'straitsofagoodheart.Forexample,whenhewasgrowingup,hewasembarrassedtobenoticedthathewalkedwithhiscrippledfatherbuthisfatherneverleton.Whenwalkingtogether,itwasdifficulttocoordinatebuthisfathersaid,“Yousetthepace,Iwilltrytoadjusttoyou."Howgreathisfatheris!What'smore,hisfatherstucktoself-disciplineandworksharddespiteallthedifficultiesoftravelingtohisworkplace.Thewriterwasproudofthis.Thewriterhashisowncommentsonhisfather'sgoodheart.Thewriterfeelsamazedatthecouragetosubjecthimselftosuchshameandstresswithoutanycomplaint.Besides,henevertalkedabouthimselfasanobjectofpity,nordidheshowanyenvyofthemorefortunateorable.Whathelookedforinotherswasa“goodheart".Thenthewriterhashisownreflectionsonwhata"g