2022-2023学年人教版八年级英语上册阅读理解专项

八年级上阅读理解专项（一）Everyonelikeslivinginacleanandcomfortableenvironment.Iftheenvironmentarebad,itwillaffectourbody,andmakeusnotfeelwell.Sometimeswemaybeterriblyill.Atthattimewedon'twanttowork,andwehavetostayinbedandrestathome.Sotheenvironmentisveryimportanttous.It'sgermsthatmakesusill.Therearegermseverywhere.Theyareverysmallandyoucan'tfindthemwithyourowneyes,butyoucanseethemwithamicroscope.Theyareverysmallandtheremaybehundredsofthemonaverysmallthing.Germscanalwaysbefoundindirtywater.Whenwelookatdirtywaterunderthemicroscope,weshallseetheminit.Germscanalsobefoundinairanddust.Ifyoucutyourfinger,someofthedustfromthefloormaygointoit,andyouwillhavemuchpaininit.Sometimesthegermswillhavepaineverywhere.Tokeepushealthy,weshouldtrytoourbesttomakeourenvironmentbecomecleanerandtidier.Thisneedsustoacttogether.Thewritertellusthat.welikeworkingwhenweareill.germscan'tliveinthewater.wecan'tfeelilliftheenvironmentisbad.wefeelwellwhentheenvironmentisgood.Germsare.verysmallthingsthatyoucan'tseewithyoureyes.thethingsthatdon'teffectpeople.thethingsthatyoucanfindwithyoureyes.thethingsthatareverybig.Wherecangermsbefound?Theycanbefound.A.onthesmallthingB.inairanddustC.onlyindirtywaterD.everywhereHowwillyoufeelifgermsgointothefingerthatiscut?A.IwillfeelnothingB.Iwon'tmindC.IwillfeeltenseD.IwillfeelpainfulFromthepassageweknowthat.Environmentdoesn'taffectourlifeWedon'tneedtoimproveourenvironmentGermsmaymakeusillIftheenvironmentisbetter,germswillbemore.二.阅读短文，选择正确答案。Heightisjustoneofthethousandsoffeaturesyourgenes（基因）decide.Infact,becauseyouhavetwoparents,yourgenesprovideyouaheightthatusuallylandssomewherebetweentheheightofeachparent.Ifbothyourparentsaretall,thenmostprobablyyouwillbetall,too,butifyouhavequestionsabouthowtallyou*regoingtobe,askyourdoctorifheorshecanhelpyoufinditout.Butgenesdon'tdecideeverything.Forexample,eatinganunhealthydietcankeepyoufromgrowingtoyourfullpotential（潜力）.Gettingplentyofsleepandenoughexercisewillhelpyougrowtotheexpectedheight.Nodoubtyou'rewonderinghowfastyoushouldgrow.Itdepends.There'snoperfectorrightanswer.Generallyspeaking,kidsgrowabout2inches（6centimeters）ayearbetweenage3andthetimewhentheystartpuberty（whenyourbodystartschangingandbecomingmoregrownup）.Yourdoctorwillknowhowyourgrowthhasbeengoingovertheyears.Twocentimetershereand2inchestherearenotnearlyasimportantastheheightyou'reatnow,howyou*vebeengrowinguptothispoint,andwhatotherchangesyourbodymaybegoingthrough.Don'tbescaredifyouseemtohavegrownalotinaveryshorttime.Everyonehasagrowthspurt（高峰）duringpuberty.Theageforstartingpubertyisabout10forgirlsandabout11forboys.Butitcanbeearlierorlater—between7and13forgirlsand9and15forboys.You'llusuallybegintonoticethatyou'regrowingfasteraboutayearorsoafteryourbodystartstoshowthefirstchangesofpuberty.TheChinesefortheword"puberty"is.A.童年时期B.婴幼儿时期C.习惯养成期D.生长发育期Ifyouwanttoknowhowfastandhowtallyoushouldgrow,.youshouldhaveenoughexerciseyoucanaskdoctorsforhelpyoushouldsavetheenvironmentYoucanrecordyourgrowthduringpuberty3.Thispassageismainlyabout.howthegenesworkinyourbodywhenisthetimeyougrowfastC.whyyoulooklikeyourparentsD.howyougrowtoacertainheight4.Afterreadingthispassage,wecanexplain.howgooditistobeadoctorhowmuchsleeptimeweneedwhygenescan'tdecideeverythingwhathealthydietisWhichisNOTmentionedinthepassage?Yourheightmostprobablydependsonhowhighyourparentsare.Girls'ageforstartingpubertyisusuallyearlierthanthatforboys'.Thetimeshowingthefirstchangesofpubertyisnevernoticed.D.Youmaybescaredsometimeswhenyougrowtoofast.Innature,youmayseemanyinsects（昆虫）andanimalsofdifferentcolors.Haveyoueverwonderedwhy?Locustsaresuperdeliciousfoodforbirds,butitisnotalwaysaneasyjobforbirdstocatchthem.ltisneitherbecauselocustsaregoodjumpersorrunnersnorbecausetheyaresmarterthantheirenemies.Thereasonisthatthecolorsoflocustschangewiththecolorsofcrops（庄稼）.Whencropsareyoung,locustslookgreen.Butwhenautumncomes,locustschangetotheyellowandbrowncolorascropsdo.Brownbears,tigersandotheranimalsmovequietlythroughforests.Theycan'tbeseeneasilybytheirenemies.Thisisbecausetheyhavecolorssimilartothetrees.Forthesamereason,polarbearsthatliveonalandofsnowandicearewhite.Butterfliesandbeeslivingamongtheflowersarecolorfullikeflowers.Soilinsectsaremostlydark-coloredandtheyliveunderthesoil（土壤）inadarkandwetenvironment.However,insectswithcolorsdifferentfromplantscaneasilybefoundandeatenbyothers.Soinordertosurvive,theyhavetohidethemselvesinthedaytimeandappearonlyatnight.Haveyouevernoticedsomeevenstrangeracts?Theinkfishintheseacansendoutsomeveryblackinkwhenitfacesdanger.Astheinkspreadsover,itsenemieswillfindthemselvessuddenlyinadarkworld.Atthesametimetheinkfishimmediatelyswimsaway.Thatishowitkeepsitselfsafethoughitisnotstrongatall.l:Itisnoteasyforbirdstocatchlocustsbecause.A.locustsaregoodrunnersB.locustscanjumpveryhighC.locustsaresmarterthanbirdsD.locustscanchangetheircolor2:Accordingtothepassage,mostsoilinsectsA.donothavebrightcolorsB・changetheircolorswiththesoilC.donotliveinadarkandwetenvironmentEatcolorfulinsectslikebutterfliesandbees3:What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedworcTsurvive"inthepassage?A.繁殖B.产卵C.觅食D.生存4:Theinkfishsothatitsenemieswillnotseeit?A.changesitscolorB.makesthewaterarounditblackC.appearsonlyatnightD.hidesitselfinthesearocks5:Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Someinsectsandanimalshavedifferentskills.B・Someinsectsandanimalsarecleverthanwethink.Someinsectsandanimalsusecolorstoprotectthemselves.Someinsectsandanimalscangetusedtotheenvironmenteasily.四Mobilephoneshelpuseasilyfindpeopleanywhereatanytime.Amobilephonecanincludemanythings,suchasgames,musicandInternetaccess（互联网接入）.Today,4.6billionpeoplearoundtheworldhavemobilephones,accordingtoCBSNews.However,mobilephonesmaycausecancer,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.Ina2010study,peoplewhousedamobilephonefor10yearsormoreweremorethantwotimesaslikelytogetbraincancer,accordingtoCNN.“Ithinkitisagoodideatogivethepublicsomekindofwarningthatlong-termexposure（暴露）toradiation（辐射）fromyourmobilephonecouldpossiblycausecancer,“toldDrHenryLai.Laiisascientistofbioengineering（生物工程）attheUniversity（大学）ofWashingtonwhohasstudiedradiationformorethan30years.Thesesuggestionsmayhelpyoureduceyourriskofcancer:Useaheadset（耳机）orspeakerHeadsetsgiveoutmuchlessradiationthanphones.Someheadsetsgiveoutlow-levelradiation.However,youshouldtakeitoffyourearwhenyou'renottalkingtoanyone.Usingyourphonewithaspeakerwillalsomakeitsafer.Listenmore,talklessYourphonegivesoutradiationwhenyoutalkortext,butnotwhenyou'relisteningorgettingmessages.Listeningmoreandtalkinglesscanlowertheriskofcancer.HoldthephoneawayfromyourbodyHoldthephoneawayfromyourbodywhenyou9retalking,notagainstyourear.Also,don'tkeepitinyourpocket.ChoosetextingovertalkingPhonesgiveoutlessradiationtosendtextsthantocarryaperson'svoice.Textingalsokeepsradiationawayfromyourhead.Poorsignal?StayoffthephoneApoorsignalmeansthatthephoneneedstogiveoutmoreradiationtowork.Makeandtakecallswhenyourphonehasastrongsignal..Thestudyfrom2010showedthat.peopleshouldusemobilephonesfornomorethan10yearspeoplewhodon'tusemobilephoneswillnotgetbraincancerthelongerpeopleusemobilephones,themorelikelytheyaretogetbraincancerthemoremobilephonespeoplehave,themorelikelytheyaretogetbraincancer.WhichisNOTtrueaboutthesuggestionsmentionedinthepassage?A.Someheadsetsdon'tgiveoutradiation.B・It'snotgoodtocarrymobilephonesinpockets.C.Textingisbetterthanmakingphonecalls.D.Don'tmakecallswhenthesignalisweak..Thepassagemainlytalksabout.thedevelopmentandadvantagesofmobilephonesthereasonwhymobilephoneradiationcausescancerthebestwaystousemobilephonestocommunicatehowtoprotectourselvesfrommobilephoneradiation五WorldWarIIlastedfrom1939to1945.Lifechangedforeverybody,includingwomenandchildrenbecauseofthewar.Millionsofpeoplelosttheirlivesduringthewar.TheDiaryofaYoungGirlwasarecordofthattime.ThebookwaswrittenbyagirlnamedAnneFrank.AnneFrankwasborninGermanyinJune1929.BecausetheGermanNazi（纳粹分子）hatedtheJews（犹太人）andwarnedtokillthem,herfamilyhadtomovetoanothercountry.InJuly1942,theywentintohidinginasecretplaceinherfather'soffice.Duringthatdifficulttime,AnnekeptwritingdiariesuntilsheandherfamilywerediscoveredbytheNazisinAugust1944.TheywerecaughtandsenttoaNazicamp.Thenextyear,hermotherdied.Inthesameyear,sheandhereldersisterdiedofillness,beforethewarended.Afterthewar,herfathercollectedherdiariesandthebookTheDiaryofaYoungGirlcameoutin1947.Ithasbeenputintoover30languagessincethen.The