最新高中英语表语从句讲解及专项练习

表语从句讲解及专项练习概念：表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句。放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句〞可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。可以接表语从句的系动词有：1：be〔being,been,am,is,are,was,were)2:feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smell3:

stand

,

lie

,

remain

,keep,

stay

4:

become

,get

,

grow

,

turn

,go

,come,

run,

fall

5:

prove,

turn

outThetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困难是我们资金短缺。ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.这就是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.当时,我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。引导表语从句的词：附属连词that、whether、asthough、asif〔That引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。〕关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等。由附属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否〞。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。例如：Thetroubleis(that)shehaslosthismoney.麻烦的事是他丢了钱。Thequestioniswhetherweneedmoreicecream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。Theproblemwasthatitwastoovaluableforeverydayuse.问题是它作为日常之用太贵重了。Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。由关系代词引导的表语从句。关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。例如：Thequestioniswhichofusshouldgo.问题是我们哪一个应该去。Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.问题是谁能做这项工作。That'swhatheisworryingabout.那就是他在担忧的事。That'swhatweshoulddo.那是我们应该做的。由关系副词引导的表语从句。关系副词when,where,how,why除在句子起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间，地点，方式或原因状语，本身具有词义。例如：Goandgetyourcoat.It'swhereyouleftit.去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.That’swhyIgotwetthrough.我们既没伞也没雨衣，这是我们淋湿的原因。Thatishowmiceruinmanystoresofgraineveryyear.那就是老鼠是怎样每年损害大量粮食的。Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.那就是他所担忧的。由连词because，asif/asthough等引导的表语从句。Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.看起来好似要下雪了。That'sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.这是因为我们从未想过此事。Itseemsasifhedidn’tknowtheanswer.好似他不知道答案。注意A.表语从句一定要用陈述语序。False:Thequestioniswhencanhearriveatthehotel.Right:Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.B.不可以用if，而用whether连接表语从句(asif例外〕。引导宾语从句时可以互换if/whether位于介词后要用whether位于句首时要用whether。引导表语从句，主语从句，同位语从句时要用whether。False:Thequestionisiftheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.Right:Itlookedasifhehadunderstoodthisquestion.C.不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。Right:ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.Right:Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.D.that在表语从句中不可以省掉。根本用法表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句例如：Theproblemishowwecangetthethingsweneed.问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how在表语从句中充当方式状语)ThescissorsarenotwhatIneed.这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what在表语从句中充当宾语)WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why在表语从句中充当原因状语)WhatItoldhimwasthatIwouldfindhimagoodplay.我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略)ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语)Thatiswhyshefailedtopasstheexam.那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why在表语从句中充当原因状语)注意“Thatiswhy...〞是常用句型，意为“这就是„„的原因/因此„„〞，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结，又如：Thatiswhyyouseethisoldwomanbeforeyouknow,Jeanne.珍妮，这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感惊讶，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括)。ThatiswhyIcame.这就是我来的原因。下面是两个与“Thatiswhy...〞形式相似的结构，它们与“Thatiswhy...〞结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：(1)“Thatiswhy...〞与“Thatisthereasonwhy...〞同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，

“Thatisthereasonwhy...〞中why引导的是—个定语从句，将其中的thereason去掉那么与“Thatiswhy...〞结构一样，例如：Thatis(thereason)whyIcannotagree.这就是我不能同意的理由。(2)“Thatisbecause...〞句型中附属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是为什么„„/因为„„〞。“Thatisbecause...〞与“Thatiswhy...〞之间的不同在于“Thatisbecause...〞指原因或理由，

“Thatiswhy...〞那么指由于各种原因所造成的后果，例如：Hedidnotseethefilmlastnight.Thatisbecausehehadtohelphislittlesisterwithherhomework.昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因)Hehadseenthefilmbefore.Thatiswhyhedidnotseeitlastnight.他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果)表语从句与宾语从句的关系宾语从句和表语从句都属于名词性从句。其作用跟名词在句中的作用相同。故充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句，充当表语的句子叫表语从句。宾语从句(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点

①语序:从句的语序必须是陈述句语序,即“主语+谓语〞这种形式。

②时态:当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候,从句可以是任何时态,而当主句是一般过去时的时候,从句,从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态,即(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时)。

③连接词:当从句意思完整,主句意思肯定时,连接词用that,且可以省去,当从句意思完整,主句意思不确定或含否认含意时,常用if或whether(是否),当从句意思不完整时,连接词那么是代替不完整局部的特殊疑问词。表语从句在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句，位于主句系动词的后面。表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。也是名词性从句的一种。如：Whatthepolicewanttoknowiswhenyouenteredredtheroom警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。Thetroubleisthatweareshortoffunds困难是我们缺乏资金。Thisiswhatweshoulddo这是我们应当做的。注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序，即陈述语序。asif,asthough,because也可用来引导表语从句。Sheseemsasifshehaddoneagreatthing她看起来好似做了一件大事。Itisbecauseyoueattoomuch是因为你吃得太多了。单项选择1.Thequestionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whether2．Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof3.Goandgetyourcoat.It’s________youleftitA.whereB.thereC.therewhereD.wherethere4．Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTedA.whocanwegetB.whatwecangetC.whowecangetD.thatwecanget5.WhatIwanttoknowis______helikesthegiftgivenbyus.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.不填6.Thereasonis_________Imissedthebus.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what7.Thatis_____wewerelatelasttime.A.thatB.whenC.whyD.what8.Shelooked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.A.thatB.likeC.asD.asthough9.—Ifellsick!--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.A.whyB.whenC.whatD.because10.Thereasonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.A.becausehismotherisillB.becauseofhismother’sbeingillC.thathismotherisillD.forhismotherisill11.—Hewasbornhere.--Thatis_______helikestheplacesomuch.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how12.Thatis______LuXunoncelived.A.whatB.whereC.thatD.why13．_______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwithyourstudies.A.What;howareyouB.That；howyouareC.How；thatyouareD.What；howyouare14.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.A.whatB.thatC.howD.whythat15.Americawas__________wasfirstcalled“India〞byColumbus.A.whatB.whereC.theplaceD.therewhere16.Chinaisbecomingstrongerandstronger.Itisnolonger_________.A.whatitusedtobeB.whatitwasusedtobeingC.whatitusedtobeingD.whatitwasusedtobe17.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.A.What…thatB.That…whatC.What…whatD.That…what18.Theenergyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.such19—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff？A.whyB.whatC.whenD.where20.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella____Igotwetthrough.A.It’sthereasonB.That’swhyC.There’swhyD.It’show21.Seetheflagsontopofthebuilding?Thatwas______wedidthismorning.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what22.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame?---Oh,that’s_____.A.whatmakesmefeelexcitedB.whateverIfeelexcitedaboutC.howIfeelaboutitD.whenIfeelexcited23.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut______hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich句子翻译1.这就是我想做的___________________________________________________________________________________2.这房子正是他最需要的东西。_________________________________________________________________________3.这就是Henry怎样解决问题的________________________________________________________________________4.问题是谁能完成这项困难的任务_______________________________________________________________________5.今天讨论的话题是未来的学校会是怎样的________________________________________________________________6.他迟到的原因是交通拥堵._____________________________________________________________________________7.事实是他对我撒谎了.__________________________________________________________________________________8.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_____________________________________________.(disagree)你一直说每个人应该是平等的这就是我不同意之处。9.Yourcoatisstill_______________________________________________.(where)你的外套仍然在你放的地方。10.Ihadneitheraraincoatnoranumbrella.Thatis_________________________________________through.(get)我既没有雨衣也没有雨伞。这就是为什么我全身被淋湿的原因。11.Itsounds____________________________________________________thedoor.(asif)听起来好似某人正在敲门。12.Itseems______________________________interestedinHenry.(become)好似伦敦所有人都变得对亨瑞感兴趣。13.Thelasttimewehadgreatfunwas_____________________________________________________theWaterPark.(visit)上一次我们玩得很开心的时候是我们正在参观水族公园的时候。that/what的区别1．_______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwithyourstudies.A.What;howareyouB.That；howyouareC.How；thatyouareD.What；howyouare2.Thetroubleis__________weareshortoftools.A.

what

B.

that

C.

how

D.

why

that

3.

America

was

__________was

first

called

“India〞

by

Columbus.

A.

what

B.

where

C.

the

place

D.

there

where

4.

China

is

becoming

stronger

and

stronger.

It

is

no

longer_________

.

A.

what

it

used

to

be

B.

what

it

was

used

to

being

C.

what

it

used

to

being

D.

what

it

was

used

to

be

5.

________he

really

means

is

________he

disagrees

withus.

A.

What

…

that

B.

That

…

what

C.

What

…

what

D.

That

…

what

6.

The

energy

is

________

makes

the

cells

able

to

do

their

work.

A.

that

B.

which

C.

what

D.

such

系动词分类：一、根据系动词后所跟结构，我们可以把英语系动词分为两大类：完全系动词〔其后只能跟表语的动词，如be,seem〕和半系动词〔其后既可跟表语作系动词用法，也可跟宾语或状语作实义动词用，如look〕例如：1〕Helookedsadlyattheboy.(“看着〞，实义动词用法)Helooksacleverboy.〔“看起来〞，系动词用法〕2〕Helooksatacleverboy.〔“看着〞，实义动词用法〕在英语中，某一动词是多义词，既有实义动词用法，又有系动词用法。二、根据系动词的意义，我们把英语系动词分为四类：A．五大感官系动词B．状态系动词C．动态系动词D．双谓语系动词A．五大感官系动词，描述一种感官性质。由实义感官动词变化而来，都是半系动词。1．look“看起来像是〞，后接adj.、n.、分词、介词短语、不定式等。Thegirlbitherlipsandlookedthoughtful.这位女孩咬着嘴唇，看上去假设有所思。2．smell“闻起来〞，后接adj.分词。Theflowerssmellsweet.这些花气味真香。3．sound“听起来〞，后接adj.\分词。Themusicsoundssweet.这首诗听起来真悦耳。4．taste“尝起来〞，后接adj.\分词。Theapplestasteverygood.这些苹果很好吃。5．Feel

①“摸起来，给……感觉〞；②“觉得〞，后接adj./p.p.Youwillfeelbetterafteranight’ssleep.睡上一晚，你会觉得好些。B．状态系动词：1．be，“是〞，属完全系动词。Iamastudent.我是一个学生。2．seem,“似乎，好似〞，完全系动词。Theyseemquitehappy.他们似乎很快乐。3．appear,“显得，看起来好似〞，半系动词。Itappeared(tobe)atruestory.看来这是一个真实的故事。4．keep,

“保持……的状态〞，半系动词，后接adj或介词短语。You’dbettergotobedandkeepwarm.你最好躺在床上去暖和一下。5．remain,“仍是〞，半系动词。Iremainedsilent.我仍然缄默。6．stay“保持〔某种状态〕〞，半系动词，后接adj.、过去分词。Thewindowstayedopenallthenight./r/ve

“证明是〞，半系动词，后接adj.\n.Thetreatmentprovedtobesuccessful.这种疗法证明是成功的。C．动态系动词：都属于半系动词，描述状态变化过程。1．get“变成，变得……起来〞，后可接形容词、分词、介词短语。Thedaysaregettinglongerandlonger.白天变得越来越长了。2．fall“进入〔某种状态〕，成为〞，后常接以下形容词：asleep,

lame,

silent,

ill,

sick,

flat.

Theoldmen,unabletoexpresshimself,fellsilent.那位老人说不清自己的意思，就不做声了。Myfatherfellillanddied.我的父亲生病死了。3．grow“渐渐变得……起来，长得〞

It’sgrowingwarm.天气渐渐暖和起来了。4．turn“转变成〔新的与原来完全不同的色彩或性质〕，变质〔色〕〞。Mapletreesturnredinautumn.枫叶在秋天变红了。It

was

cloudy

this

morning,

but

fortunately

it

has

turned

fine.

今天早上是阴天，幸好已经转晴了。5．go，“变成〔某种坏的状态〕〞

Thetelephonehasgonedead.不通了。Thematerialhasgoneafunnycolour.这料子的颜色变得奇怪了。go之后常接的adj.还有：bad,blind,wild,wrong,sour,hard,hungry,mad,red,with,

anger,

white,

pale,

blue,

grey.

6．become“变成，成为〔好坏均可的情况〕〞

Ibecameinterestedindrawing.我开始对素描感兴趣了。Hebecameangrywithme.他对我生气了。Theybecamegoodfriends.他们成了好朋友。7．come，“变成为〔的状态〕，证实为〞，后常接形容词或前缀un-的过去分词作表语，表示状态或情况的变化。Hiswishtobecomeapilothascometrue.他想当飞行员的愿望实现了。Ifyoulookintothematter,everythingwillcomeclear.如果你调查一下这事，一切都会清楚。后面常接的形容词还有：apart,dear〔昂贵〕，natural,open,short,right〔好了〕，unstuck〔没有粘住〕，untied〔松开〕。8．run,“变成〞，后接adj.Thepriceranhigh.价格上升了。9．make，“到达某种状态[后接形容词]，如sure,certain,merry,bold,freeWemustmakecertainoffacts.我们一定要弄清事实。D．双谓语系动词此类系动词既有系动词的功能，后接表语，又保存原实义动词本身的含义。例如：Therunrosered.太阳升起红艳艳。Shestoppedandstoodquitestill.她停下来然后一丝不动地站着。Thesnowlaythickontheground.雪厚厚地堆积在地上。Hemarriedyoung.他结婚很早。LeiFengdiedyoung.雷锋早逝。Hecontinuedsilent.他继续沉默不语。系动词单项选择题

①Thestorysounds_________________(MET89)A.tobetrueB.astrueC.beingtrueD.true②Thoseorangestaste__________(MET91)A.goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell③---Areyoufeeling________?---Yes,I’mfinenow/(NMET92)A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter④----CanIjointheclub,Dad.----You

can

when

you

_________a

bit

older.(NMET

94)

A.

get

B.

will

get

C.

get

D.

will

have

got

⑤---Doyoulikethematerial?----Yes,it_______verysoft.(NMET94)A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt⑥IlovetogototheseasideonSummer.It_____goodtolieinthesunorswiminthecoolsea.(NMET96)A.

does

B.

feels

C.

gets

D.

makes

⑦Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget_______bythehour.(NMET98)A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay⑧Whydon’tyouputthemeatinthefridge?Itwill_____forseveraldays.(NMET2003〕A.

be

stayed

B.

stay

C.

be

staying

D.

have

stayed

系动词稳固练习①Whatyouhavesaid_______.A．issoundedinterestingBsoundsinterestingC．soundinterestedD．listensinterested②Theclassbegins.Pleasekeep________.A．silentB．silenceC．thesilenceD．silently③Lo