2020语法填空综合指导

语法填空解题思路归纳与综合练习第一部分．有提示词（1）动词的考查是语法填空的重中之重,包括非谓语动词和谓语动词。在看到动词原形提示后,首先要判断该空在句中作什么成分（谓语or非谓语，还是需要词性变化），然后根据具体语境进行变化。非谓语动词最常考点（目前只出现过基本结构）：动词-ing2.todo3,-ed过去分词谓语动词最常考点：主谓一致（主要考察主语单复数判断是否变三单）时态（主要考察一般过去时，一般现在时，现在完成时）被动语态（主要是一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态）〈易错点〉：主语单复数的判断（参考语法项目：主谓一致）（经常考察的项目包括：不可数/单数/复数名词作主语，并列主语，动名词作主语）2，时态和语态的判断（尤其一般过去时/一般现在时/现在完成时/过去完成时参考语法：时态语态）3，常见非谓语的用法（如作宾语，作状语，作定语，作主语等：参考语法项目：非谓语动词）常见不规则动词变化-（参考不规则动词表）一词多性的情况。如record既可以作动词又可以作名词，要准确判断空格处所需单词的词性。其它变单三/过去时/ing形式的特殊拼写规则（参考下表，已考察riding,goes,permitted等）。单数第三人称动词变化特殊规则动词原形变化规则例子注意词尾为“s,x,ch,sh,o”在词尾加"es”watches,teaches,misses,mixes,does,goes词尾为"辅音字母+y”“y”变为“i”，再加“es”studies,flies,tries,carries,applies,worries兀首字母+y直接加s：pays,plays其它特例have--hasbe--is规则动词变过去式/过去分词的特殊情况动词原形变化规则例子注意以不发音的-e结尾在词尾加“d”lived,moved,tasted词尾为“辅音字母+y”“y”变为“i”，再加“ed”studied,tried,carried,copied,worried,兀音字母+y直接力口ed:played,destroyed重读并且以辅+元（短元音）+辅音结尾双写词尾辅音字母，再加一edstopped,equippedplanned,permitted非重读不双写：opened,listened,visited非短兀音不双写：returned,seated重读r音节结尾双写r加edpreferred,occurred,非重读不双写：offered,suffered|动词变ing形式的特别注意事项动词原形变化规则例子宀注意以不发音的-e结尾去一e加一ingwriting,living,taking,making,hoping发音的e不去：seeing,being,agreeing重读并且以辅+元（短元音）+辅结尾双写词尾辅音字母，再加一ingplanning,cutting,stopping,swimming-x结尾不双写：relaxing-y或-w结尾不双写：drawing,paying,employing,following非重读不双写：offering,opening以-ie结尾的动词去掉e,变i为y然后再加-ingdiefdying,tieftying,lieflying*-y结尾的单词不受过去式规则影响，直接加inglaying,studying,trying,hurrying

（2）词性转换的考查（参考词形变化过关小测），其中考察重点为1■形容词变副词（不受考纲限制）2■动词变为名词3■名词变形容词。4■形容词变名词。5.名词变动词名词变衍生名词7■由-ed/-ing构成的形容词性或名词性的衍生词。（不受考纲限制）形容词变副词特殊变化规则形容词原形变化规则例子注意一般形容词直接加-IV以辅音+V结尾.且V读音为/i/变V为i,再加一lyheavyheavily;angryangrily;busybusilyy读音为/ai/不变:shyly辅音字母加le结尾，去e加vgentle-gently,possible-possibly以ic结尾的词加allybasicbasically:scientificscientifically个别以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-vtrue-truly:wholly绝大多数e结尾的形容词直接加ly：extremely,safely3）名词、代词的考查。名词主要考查单复数的变化（7次）.平时要注意髙频名词（在不同意义下）是否可数。附：高中词汇表中常见的一词多性（常为动词，但可以做可数名词）注意复数、冠词邙限定词）的考察，需满足复数触发条件1•有提示词如many/few/several/anumberof/oneofthe/different/various..等2•其它上下文词汇名词义例句record病历，唱片，记录Wouldyouliketolistentosomerecords?work工作（不可数）/作品（可数）ThemuseumhasmanyworksbyPicasso.wish/regard希望/祝愿（常用复数）Marysendsyoubestwishes/regardsforaHappynewyear.supply供应物/生活必需品（复数）Thelocalpeopleareurgentlyinneedoffoodandmedicalsupplies.review复习/书评/影评/报告Theplaygotexcellentreviewswhenitwasfirstseen.award奖，奖品Themoviehaswonanumberofawards.benefit好处，益处thebenefitsofreadingdesign设计/设计图/图案Lookingforwardtoreceivingyourcreativedesigns!show演出/节目/展览Thetheatregivestwoshowsinoneday.turn轮次/转动/转弯taketurnstodo/(in)doingattempt企图/尝试/射门Shemadeafewattemptstojoinintheirconversation.aim目标Teamworkisrequiredtoachievetheseaims.report报道Accordingtorecentnews/mediareports,...present礼物thepresentsforthechildrenneed（生活）必需品Housingandeducationarebasicneeds.look注视，神色，外貌（复数）Heputonweightandstartedtolosehislooks.graduate（大学）毕业生high-school/collegegraduatescopy复制品，本，册Iacquiredtwocopiesofthisbook.mark污点/疤痕/记号/分数Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers.offer提议/提供物/特价品Thismonth'soffersincludeashirt,trousersandbedcovers.order订单/所订之物/命令Allourcustomerordersarehandledbycomputer./placeanorder下订单ride乘车/骑行/供骑乘的玩具Theamusementparkhasmanyrides./givesbarideblank空格，空白处Fillintheblanks.sweet糖果，甜点Sheboughtapacketofsweetsonthewayhome.stop停止，车站Wemadeseveralstopsalongtheway.challenge挑战，问题Theproblemisoneofthegreatestchallengesfacedbyscientiststoday.seat座位Acarusuallyhasadriver'sseat,afrontseatandbackseats.

I名词变复数的特殊规则动词原形变化规则例子注意词尾为“s,x,ch,sh"在词尾加"es”boxes,dishes,matches词尾为“辅音字母+y""y”变为"i”，再加"es”cities,studies,babies,families,stories元音字母+y直接加s:ways,boys,toys-f/-fe结尾变f/fe为v,再加esleaves（叶子）,lives,housewives,thieves例外：roofs,beliefs辅音字母p结尾词尾加esheroes,potatoes,tomatoes元音-oo结尾直接加s:zoos，bamboos例夕卜（外来词）:photos,radios,pianos不规则变化变单词内部的元音字母tooth—teeth,foot—feet,child—children,medium^media,woman/women代词主要考查人称代词主格、宾格和形容词性物主代词的变化。第一人称第二人称第三人称单数复数单数复数单数复数人称代词主格Iweyouyousheheitthey宾格Meusyouyouherhimitthem物主代词形容词性myouryouryourherhisitstheir名词性mineoursyoursyourshershisitstheirs反身代词myselfourselvesyourselfyourselvesherselfhimselfitselfthemselves（4）形容词、副词的考察，重点考查1.形容词转副词2.形容词转比较级。触发比较级的提示词一般是than,但解题时也需要注意其它句内提示（如修饰比较级的副词出现：even,much,far,alot等），以及一些惯用表达（如否定+比较级=最高级义，Nothingisbetterthanaglassofwine），如17年卷1考察了evenworse（更糟的是）作句子状语的用法。触发最高级主要是the+最高级+范围（of/in+范围）及一些固定用法，最高级全国卷语法填空还未直接考过，但考过最高级前的冠词the。形容词变比较级的特殊情况动词原形变化规则例子注意单音节词直接加-er/esthigher,hardest例外：moreglad/tired以不发音的-e结尾直接加r/-stnice/nicest,larger/largest重读并且以辅+短元音+辅结尾双写词尾字母，再加er/estbigger/biggest,hotter/hottest辅音字母+y结尾变y改为i，加-er/-esteasier/easiest,heavier/heaviesthappier/happiest多音节和部分双音节词由形容词+ly变的副词在单词前加more/mostmore/mostbeautifulmoreslowly不能与-er/est连用good/wellbetter/bestchangeforthebetter好转bad/ill/badlyworse/worstworsestill/what'sworse更糟地是tothebestofmyknowledge据我所知badly表迫切时用more/mostbadlymany/muchmore/mostmakethemost/bestof最大化利用what'smore此夕卜moreorless或多或少nomorethan仅仅/最多也就是atmost最多soonerorlaterlittleless/leastnolessthan至少有atleast至少lastbutnotleast最后但仍然重要的是fewer/fewestfarfarther/furtherItwasfarther/furthertotheshopthanIexpected.表抽象只用further给提示词的思路横向归纳提示词思考方向动词1.非谓语2.谓语3.变名词形容词1.变副词2.变比较级3.变名词名词1.变复数2.变形容词3.变动词代词代词变形*只是根据以往考题给大家一个思考方向，并非绝对规则。最终应根据文本的语言规则、语篇意义解题。第二部分．无提示词（1）连词的考查是重点。主要考点是主从句（定语从句.名词性从句.状语从句的连词.一般不会考太复杂或生僻的语法规则，但要特别注意上下文，句子完整意思•具体参考三大从句语法专项）并列句或并列结构（如and和or，主要看前后文的逻辑关系）（2）冠词、介词主要考查基本用法及固定搭配「（惯用短语和词组），具体可参考年段下发的冠词、介词语法专项材料。（3）其它考点：常用副词。关注常用副词如too,very,much等。it的考察。填助动词（do/will/be/have等）主要出现在疑问句或否定句；另外，therebe句型与强调句型等特殊句式也应关注。综合练习1Papercuttingwasrecognizedasournationalintangibleculturalheritagein2006.accordingtoexperts,papercuttingconveystheculturesharedbetweenChina1.foreigncountriestowishforfamilyreunionsandmaintainlinkswithlovedones,aliveordead.InthemovieCoco,forinstance,the12-year-oldMiguelandhisfamilydanceandsingtocelebratea2.(tradition)festivalinMexico,whencolorfulpapercuttingsarehungonthestreet.Chinesepeoplealsocutimagesofsmallfigures3.memoryoftheirfamilywhohavepassedaway.ThedifferenceisthatmostChinesepapercuttingsarered,whilethoseinothercountries4.(be)oftenmadeinmanyothercolors.ThefairytalewriterHansChristianAndersenlikedtocut5.(character),suchasprincesses,outofpaperwhile6.(tell)storiestochildren.InChina,femalefriendsandfamilymembersusedtochatandmakepapercuttingstogether.“7.thepatternsandcolorsmaybedifferent,papercuttingssharethesamefunctionofmaintainingemotionaltiesamongpeople,”saysYangHuizi,8.artteacheratBeijingUnionUniversity.Yang9.(study)andperformedtheartforoveradecade.Besidesroutineuniversitycourses,shealsoorganizesnonprofitpapercuttingactivities10.areopentothepublicinBeijingtopromotebasicknowledgeofpapercutting.2Inthepastfewyears,morethanhalfofbookstoresinChinahavecloseddown,1.istheresultofthe(compete)fromonlinebookstores.ButthesuccessofSisypheBookstore,oneofthe3.(big)privately-ownedbookstorechainsinChina,mayserve4.agreatexample.(found)in1993,Sisyphestartedtotransformandupgradeitsbusinessin2009toseekitsprofitability.Now,itnotonlydevotesitselftosellingbooks,but6.(combine)thefunctionsofbookstore,cafeandsaleof7.(create)culturalproducts.Sisypheopensitsbookstoresinshoppingmallsinordertotakeadvantageofthelargenumberofconsumersofshoppingmallstosellitsbooks,anditalsoallowspeopletoenjoy8.(spend)timereadinganddrinkingcoffee.Inreturn,bookstoreshaveimprovedtheculturalatmosphereofshoppingmalls,so9.ismutuallybeneficialtohavesuchcooperation.Sofar,thegovernment10.(offer)taxreductionforbookstorestoencouragethedevelopmentofphysicalbookstores.Perhapsitisearlytosaytheboomofphysicalbookstoreshascome,butdefinitely,weseetheturningpointforthem.3Researchershavediscoveredthepeoplewiththe1.(healthy)heartsintheworld.TheTsimanepeopleliveintheAmazonregionofBoliviaandhavealmostnorisk2.seriousheartdiseasebecauseoftheirplantbaseddietandhighlevelsofphysicalactivity.Besides3.(have)ahealthyheart,theTsimanealsohavelowbloodpressureandlowbloodsugar.This4.(mean)theyarefreeofmanyofthediseasesandconditions5.killhundredsofmillionsaroundtheworld,suchasheartattack,stroke,diabetesandkidneyfailure.Astudyshowedthatan80-year-oldfromTsimanehas6.samecardiovascularageasanAmericanintheirmid-50s.ThestudyontheTsimanewaspublishedinthemedicaljournalTheLancet.Thestudyco-authorDrGregoryS.Thomasstated,“Thisstudysuggeststhatsomediseasescould7.(avoid)ifpeopleadoptedsomeelementsoftheTsimanelifestyle,suchaskeepingtheirbloodpressureandbloodsugarverylow,notsmokingandbeing8.(physical)active.”Headded,“Itmaynotbepossibleforpeopleintheindustrializedworld9.(copy)theTsimanecommunity'swayoflife,buttherearecertainly10.(aspect)oftheirdietandlifestylethatwecanbetterbringintoourlivestohelpreduceourriskofheartdisease.”4TheinformationI1.(collect)overthelastfewyearsleadsmetobelievethatspeedreadingmaybeless2.(use)thanmostpeoplethink.Theclaimthatyoucanreadandcomprehendover30,000wordsperminuteisoverstated.Oneresearcherprovedthisinastudywhereirrelevantandillogicalsentenceswereaddedtoatext.The“speedreaders”3.weretesteddidn'tnoticetheirrelevantlines—thenon-speedreadersspottedthemimmediately.I'veinterviewedpeoplewhohaveattendedtheintroductorysessions4.(offer)bysomespeedreadingcourses.5.(they)storiesindicatethatimpropermethodsaresometimesusedtosellthecourses.Here'show:First,you'reaskedtoreadapassagefromabook6.whichmostpersonswouldbeunfamiliar.Yourreadingspeedandcomprehensionaretestedduringthisexercise.Then,afterabouthalf7.hourofinstruction,anotherreadingtestisgiven.ButthistimethereadingisonemosteducatedAmericansknowwell—suchasHuckleberryFinn.Not8.(surprising),personsattendingtheseintroductorysessionsfindthattheir“exit”speedandcomprehensionarebetterthantheir“entry”9.(perform).I'moneofthefictionreaderswhoappreciatethebeautyingoodwriting.OccasionallyI'llreadapassageorsentenceoverandoverjust10.(let)thebeautyofitsconstructionsoak(参透)in.Goodwritingmustbereadcarefullyandthoughtfullytobefullyappreciated.5It1.(debate)foryears:Areeggsgoodorbadforyou?Peoplewhoeatanaddedthreeorfoureggsaweekor300milligramsofdietarycholester(胆固醇)perday,haveahigherriskofbothheartdiseaseandearlydeathcomparedwiththosewhoeat2.(few)eggs,newresearchfinds."Eggs,3.(special)theyolk,areamajorsourceofdietarycholesterol,wroteVictorZhong.InastudypublishedFridayinthemedicaljournalJAMA4.therearemanyunexpectedreports,heandhiscolleaguesnotedthatasinglelargeeggcontainsabout186milligramsofcholesterol.Overthefollow-upperiod,atotalof5400cardiovascular(心血管的)5.(event)occurred,including1302fatalandnonfatalstrokes,1897incidentsoffatalandnonfatalheart6.(fail)and113otherheartdiseasedeaths.Anadditional6132participantsdiedofothercauses.7(consume)anadditional300milligramsofdietarycholesterolperdaywasassociated8.a3.2%higherriskofheartdiseaseanda4.4%higherriskofearlydeath,Zhong'sanalysisofthedatashowed.Eggs9.(be)anutritiousfood.Whilethisstudyfocusesontheamountwe'reeating,it'sjustasimportant10.(pay)attentiontohowtheeggsarecookedandtothetrimmingsthatcomewiththem,"saidTaylor,whowasnotinvolvedintheresearch.6The12thChinaArtsFestivalwillbringaseriesofart1.(activity)totheChineseeconomicandartcenter,Shanghai.FromMay20toJune2,morethan50shows2.(select)nationwidewillbeperformedinnineteenmajortheatersinShanghai,andafineselectionofcreativeculturalproductswill3.(show)attheShanghaiExhibitionCenter.Thefestivalwillinclude4.(vary)artforms,suchasopera,dancing,paintingandphotography.5.2019editionisco-organizedbytheministryofCultureandTourismandtheShanghaimunicipalgovernment.Since6.(it)beginningin1987,thefestivalhaschangedhostcitiesineachedition,travellingtoareasincludingBeijing,Sichuan,Jiangsu,ZhejiangandHubeioverthepastthreedecades.Salesofticketshaveopenedonline,withticketspricedfromnocost7.380yuan,accordingtotheorganizers.8.(allow)alageraudiencetoaccesstheprograms,thefestivalwillalsobebroadcastliveonline.Wewillusenewmediatobringtheshowstomoreordinarypeople,9.willletthemknowmoreaboutthemoderndevelopmentofChinesearts."saidZhuDi,headoftheministry'sartsdepartment.Thisyear'sfestivalisalsoaimedat10.(promote)tourisminShanghaiwitharts.Thelocalgovernmenthasreleasedatotalof40culture-themedtravelroutestoguidevisitorsthroughShanghai'swell-knownlandmarks.7.Learninghowscreentimeshapesanindividual'slifeexperiencerequiresentirelynewapproach,onethat(recognize)thatitisnownotmerehabitbutawayoflife.Tobuildabetter(understand)oftheeffectsofdigitalexperience,scientistsneedtorecordeverything,oneverydevice,anindividualsees,does,andtypes.Theresearcherscallthisultra-fine-grainedrecorda"screenome”.Thepaperpresentedcolour-codedgraphsofthedigitalthreadsof30universitystudents,(monitor)overfourdays.Thegraphsshowedwidedifferencesinpeopleusedtheirscreensfor,aswellasintheirpatternsofswitchingonekindofactivity,likeemail,toanother,suchasentertainmentornews.Somepeopleplacebrief(period)ofworkbetweenhugechunksofstreamingmoviesandYouTube;othersappeartobebouncingbetweenemail,work,andnewssites.Thesepatternscanvarydaytoday,ofcourse,foranyofus.Thedeeperquestionforresearchers,andonewhichtheyhavenothadaneasywaytostudy,ishowtheseshiftingpatternsshape(day)experience.Themostcommonlyciteddownsideoftoomuchscreentimeislowmood,ordepression.Inarecentstudy,researchersfoundthat,by(analyze)Facebooklanguageinthisway,theycouldpredictwhetherapersonwasontheirwaytodepressionabout70percentofthetime.8IcanwellrememberthatIwasonceaskedtodeliveraspeechtitledARealTestinMyLifebeforethewholeclassattheageof9!Youcanimaginehow1.(terrible)shyIwasthemomentIthoughtofthatscene.Ihadnochoicebut2.(prepare)forit,though.Firstofall,Iwastodraftthespeech,3.wasjustapieceofcakeforme,agoodwriter.Butthehardestpart4.(lie)inmyoralpresentationfrommymemory,becausetoreadfromthepaperwasnotallowed.TherealmomentbeganwhenIstoodontheplatform6.mylegstremblingandmymindblank.Butmylistenerswerewaitingpatientlywithoutanysignsofrushingme.GraduallyIfound7.(me)back,givingoutmyspeechwithoutdifficulty.After8.seemedtobeahundredyears,IfoundmyaudienceapplaudingImadeit!Fromthenon,myfearoftalkingbeforeabigaudiencedisappeared.Actuallyasmy9.(confident)buildsup,Ihaveturnedouttobeagreatspeaker.Lookingback,Iknowthegreatestdifficultyonourwaytosuccessisourfear.Overcomeit10.wewillbeabletoachieveourgoals.99Thereisasayingthatgoes,"AllroadsleadtoRome."Roadswereessentialforthe1.(grow)oftheRomanEmpire.TheseroadsenabledtheRomanstomovearmies2.(efficient).Atitspeak,theRomanroadsystem3.(cover)53,00milesandcontainedabout372links.TheRomansweregoodatconstructingtheseroads，4.werecalledviae(通路).PreparedviaebeganinhistoryasthestreetsofRome.ThelawsoftheTwelveTables十二铜表法)，/r/