八年级英语常用介词的基本用法(II)沈阳牛津版知识精讲

初二英语常用介词的基本用法（n）【本讲教育信息】一.教学内容：常用介词的基本用法（id二.具体过程：（六）某些形容词和介词的固定搭配1）beafraidof担心beafraidfor替……而担心2）beangryabout/atsth.因而生气beangrywithsb.对某人发怒3）beanxiousforsth.渴望beanxiousaboutsth./sb.担心4）bedifferentfrom与不同beindifferentto...%不关心5）begoodat…擅长begoodfor.对有益begoodofsb.todosth.友好6）bestrictwithsb.对严格bestrictinsth.7）bepopularwithsb.受至U欢迎bepopularinsomeplace流行在bepopularfor因……而流行8）bepleasedwith+n.或what从句；bepleasedat+抽象名词听、看到而高兴9）bedisappointedatsth.；bedisappointedwithsb.对失望10）beknowntosb.；beknownwith+n.或从句；beknownfor因而着名11）beabsentfrom缺席12）bedevotedto…献身于……13）beopento…对……开放14）bepoor/clever/expertat…15）besorryfor…替/为……后悔16）berichin…beinterestedin…17）beproudof（takepridein）18）besatisfiedwith/by…besureof/about…19）befondof,befitfor,bebusywithsth.（indoingsth.）20）belatefor,bereadyfor21）besimilarto…；bewrongwith…（七）以to为中心构成的短语的归纳belongto,cometo（苏醒），lookforwardto,leadto,stickto,referto,turnto,drinkto（为干杯）,objectto（反对）,replytotheletter,helponeselfto,sing/dancetothemusic（和着在声中唱/跳）,devoteoneselfto（八）以for为中心构成的短语的归纳askfor,callfor（去接某人），carefor（关心），goinfor（从事），answerfor（对负责）,sendfor,payfor,praisesb.for（赞扬某人某事），headfor（向方向移动），searchfor,take…for…（误以为）,leavefor,preparefor（为……准备）,thanksb.for,makeadivefor（向猛冲），makeupfor（弥补损失）（九）以on为中心构成的短语的归纳comeon来吧，callon拜访，passon传递，carryon进行下去，liveonsth.靠生活,dependon依靠,haveon穿着,havepityon同情,lookon…as…把……看作,pushon推动，spyon窥探，switch/turnon旋开，waiton服侍，walkon继续走，spend...on…在上花费时间、金钱,operateon给动手术，takeonanewlook呈现新面貌（十）吊尾介词1）某些形容词后接不及物动词或“v+介”型短语动词的不定式形式表“反射”，常用吊尾介词。A）fit，easy，hard，good，difficult，comfortable，heavy等形容词后，常用吊尾介词。.Thegirliseasytogetalongwith.B）beworthdoing，beworthyofbeingdone，beworthytobedone，want/require/needdoing表反射，常用吊尾介词。.Theproblemisworthdealingwith.Thebookisworthyofbeingreferredto.2）不及物动词的不定式修饰表“涉及对象、场所、工具、手段、方式、材料等”意义的名词时常用吊尾介词。.Thereisnothingforustoworryabout.aroomtolivein3）定语从句中，先行词被一个不及物动词所修饰，则不及物动词后要带介词，先行词被“V+介”组成的短语动词所修饰，介词常在句尾。.HeistheverymanIjustspoketo.Thisisthelifeheisusedto.4）以what，whose，who，whatever等引导的宾语从句、表语从句中常出现“吊尾介词"。.Idon'tknowwhatyoudoitfor.5）强调句型和特殊疑问句中由于被强调部分和疑问词位置变更，常出现吊尾介词。在上下文意义清楚时，特殊疑问句常用省简结构。.Itisthepoorboythatwegavethebooksto.Whatfor?（为什么？）Whereto?（去哪儿？）Whowith?（和谁去？）6）被动语态中“V+介”短语常用吊尾介词。.Hewaslistenedtocomehere.Hehasneverbeenspokentointhisway.（十一）双重介词双重介词是两个介词的重叠使用，表达两个介词共有的更精确更明了的含义，从表达意义的角度分析，双重介词用在一个介词难以全面表达含义的场合，或者是需要从两个角度来描述其具体意义的场合，一般地，前一个介词意义含糊，后一个介词比较具体或从另一个角度对前者进行补充完善。.Newshootswillcomeupfromroundroots.新芽从旧根周围长出。（from和round同属地点位置范畴，但一个介词均不足以全面表意。）Hewon'tcomebackuntilaftersunset.到太阳落山之后他才回来。（until与after同属时间范畴。）HehastraveledeverywhereexceptinJapan.Waterbegantoflowoutinsteadofintothebottle.十二）常用介词辨异about，on，of关于on多用于慎重的、正式的语言交际场合。常见于“学术上”的“论文”或“演说”等题目，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读，有“论及”之意。about表示的内容多为普遍、不那么正式，有“述及”之意。of作“关于”讲，表示提及、涉及某人（事）时，只表示事情存在或发生，并不涉及详情；有时与about意义相近，但有时意义很不同，常与动词know、hear、learn（听说）、speak、talk、think、tell等连用。except,exceptfor,exceptthat,but,besides,besideexcept“除……之外”，指不包括……，后面常接名词、代词（人称代词常用宾格）还可接介词短语、副词和动词不定式，此时相当于but，但不定式常不带to。exceptfor“除了，只有”，意思和except一样，主要指说明基本情况后，在细节上加以修正，后面常接名词性短语。exceptthat“除了，只是”，意思和except、exceptfor一样。但在用法上，主要指其后常接名词性从句，也可接when、where等词引导的其它从句。but所含“除……外”的意思不如except明确。but多用在代词（主要是不定代词、否定代词和疑问代词）之后。besides表示“除外还有”，所排除的事物常包括在所述范围之内。另外，besides可用作副词，相当于also,有“而且，加之，何况之意。beside也是介词，表示“在附近”，只不过形似besides，容易相互混淆。【对比】如果在区别前后有同类的词语时，就用except，否则就用exceptfor。Thisbookhasnoblunderexceptafewmistakes.Thisbookisinterestingexceptforafewmistakes.（前面无同类词语）Everyoneofus,excepthim,wenttoseetheexhibition.形容词解释：（一）只能用作定语，不能用作表语的形容词：1ittle，wooden，golden，many，elder不能说Theboyislittle。thewatchisgolden/wooden（二）只能用作表语，不能用作定语的形容词：well，ill，alone,content，unable，worth，afraid，alive,asleep,ashamed,awake,aware.anillboy,analonevillage就是错的短语,anillidea“坏点子"ill当定语时是转义了，不是“有病的”了。（三）表示倍数常用的句型:HeisastallaboyasI.HeisaheadtallerthanI.HeistwoyearsolderthanIChinaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.IamtwiceasoldasyouIamtwiceolderthanyou.Iamtwicetheageofyou.MybooksaretwiceasmanyasyoursChinaisfourtimeslargerthanEurope.ChinaisfourtimesthesizeofEurope.Ipaytwiceasmuchasitwasworth.Ipaytwiceasmuchforthehouse.（四）与动词有区别，表示延续状态的形容词：open,dead,still静，一动也不动，常修饰动词sit,standThedoorisopen/closed.不要选opened或close.有特殊意义的形容词有:closed关,close的形容词的意思是“近”，不是“关”。near,nearly,hard,hardly,most,mostly大多数（五）very修饰原级、形容词、副词，修饰v-ing,放在名词前表示强调。much修饰动词，修饰比较级最高级，修饰过去分词。（六）以-ly结尾的词一般是副词，但有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词，如：lonely，friendly，Theytalkinafriendlyway.lovely，ugly，silly，likely，deadly（七）在be，seem及物当主语的look，taste，smell，feel，sound，appear等动词后用形容词，Ilookedattheflower.Theflowerlooksbeautiful.Heappeared（出现）suddenly.Heappeared（显得）happy.（八）表示主语长期的静止状态,不强调动作的sit,stand,lie接形容词quiet,silent,still,red,peaceful等ThevalleylayquietandpeacefulShesatsilent.Theystoodstill.（九）become,fall,get,go,turn表示"变得"时后跟形容词.Theleavesfell/got/went/turnedyellow.Itfell/got/went/turnedcold.（十）present表示“出席的，到场的”的时候常放在名词后,thememberspresent表示“现在的”则放在名词前thepresentmembers（十一）live有时可用作形容词:alivefish活鱼（形容动物，不形容人）ThebroadcastcomestoyoulivefromBeijing.实况转播Thatwireislive.电线是带电的。lively生动的，活泼的Hisclassisoftenlively.（十二）the+adj表示一类人,是复数Therichshouldhelpthepoor.theblind/wounded/young/old（十三）多个形容词作定语时的位置排列顺序大致为:all/quite/such/rather限定词（包括冠词、物主代词、指示代词、数词、不定代词等）+描绘形容词（短词在前,长词在后）+特征形容词（包括大小、形状、新旧、年龄等）+颜色形容词+类属形容词（包括专有形容词和材料质地形容词）+名词性定语（包括动名词）+名词。Itissuchacharminglittleshortoldroundyellow…如:冠……抽……大……高……老……形……色……Frenchoakwritingtable.……国.……材……用为方便背诵,特简化成9字诀:抽大高,老形色,国材用抽：即抽象性质如beautiful，wonderful，terrible之类较空泛的词。大：big,little,small高：tall，high，short，low老：old,new,young形：square,round等色：white,black,brown,red,gray,green,blue等国：出产地方,往往是国家的形容词。汉语总是把产地排前,其它置后：中国美酒材：wooden,plastic,brick,silk,wool等材料,很多是名词用：物品的用途writing,fishing,walking,swimming用来写字的,钓鱼的,走路的,游泳的,往往是动名词。Shehasa___jacket．(leather,brown,beautiful)Hehasa___car.(long,red,American)Theyliveina___house.(old,beautiful)Wehavea___table.(antique,small,wooden)Hehasa___jumper.(lovely,red,woollen)Shehasa___ring.(fabulous,new,diamond)Itwasa___song．(French,old,lovely)Heownsa___dog.(black,horrible,big)Sheboughta___scarf.(gorgeous,pink,silk,)Isawa___film.(fantastic,new,British)Answer:beautifulbrownleatherjacket.longredAmericancar.beautifuloldhouse.smallantiquewoodentable.lovelyredwoollenjumper.fabulousnewdiamondring.lovelyoldFrenchsong.horriblebigblackdog.gorgeouspinksilkscarf.fantasticnewBritishfilm.注：上述原则不是放之四海而皆准的,要把普遍真理与特殊实际结合起来。一般说来,“抽……色，国，材，用”的位置是较确定的，“大，高，老，形”则不太确定，它们有时归类于“抽象”的一大类,在抽象的大词类中按短词在前,长词在后的原则甚至按照读音舒服顺口原则排列。例：atallintelligentyoungChineseofficer一个聪慧的个子很高的年轻的中国军官【模拟试题】(答题时间：50分钟)(一)Thisboxis___thatone.heavythanB.soheavythanC.heavierasD.asheavyasWhenwespeaktopeople,weshouldbe.aspoliteaspossibleB.aspoliteaspossiblyC.aspolitelyaspossibleD.aspolitelyaspossiblyThisbookisthatone,butthanthatone.asdifficultas;expensiveasmoredifficultas;moreexpensiveasdifficultas;moreexpensivemoredifficultas;asexpensiveIthinkthestoryisnotso___erestingB.interestedC.moreinterestingD.mostinterestingHisfatherbegantoworkhewassevenyearsold.asoldasB.asearlyasC.sinceD.while（二）Ithinkscienceis_thanJapanese.A.muchimportantB.importantC.muchmoreimportantD.moremuchimportantThispencilis___thanthatone.A.longestB.longC.longerD.aslongMymotherisno___young.A.shorterB.longerC.littleD.fewThesechildrenarethisyearthantheywerelastyear.A.moretallB.moretallerC.verytallerD.muchtallerItwasveryhotyesterday,butitis___today.A.evenhotterB.morehotterC.muchmorehotD.muchhotMrsBlackhasgotinsteadofgettinganybetter.A.morebadB.alittleworseC.muchbadlyD.alotofworse（三）Whenwearrived,wefoundthemeetingroomcrowdedwith___students.A.quiteafewB.onlyafewC.fewD.afewquiteThehouseissmallforafamilyofsix.A.muchtooB.toomuchC.verymuchD.soThroughthewindowwecanseenothingbutbuildings.A.tallverymanyB.verymanytallC.verytallmanyD.manyverytall——What'syourbrotherlike?——Heis___.A.adriverB.verytallC.myfriendD.atschoolThejacketwasso___thathedecidedtobuyit.A.muchB.littleC.expensiveD.cheapOurclassroomislargerthantheirs.A.moreB.quiteC.veryD.much（四）Theearthisaboutasthemoon.A.asfiftytimebigB.fiftytimesasbigC.asbigfiftytimesD.fiftyastimesbig

...3.1.Yourroomismine.A.twiceaslargethanB.twicethesizeofC.biggertwicethanD.astwicelargeasYourroomis___thanmine.A.threetimebigB.threetimesbigC.threetimesbiggerD.biggerthreetimesHisfatheristhanhismother.A.olderfouryearsB.asfouryearsolderC.fouryearsolderD.biggerfouryears（五）Mathsismorepopularthan.A.anyothersubjectB.allthesubjectsC.anysubjectD.othersubjectChinaislargerthaninAfrica.A.anyothercountryB.othercountriesC.theothercountryD.anycountryTomisstrongerthan___inhisclass.A.anyotherboyB.anyboysC.anyboyD.otherboy（六）Whenspringcomes,itgets.A.warmandwarmB.colderandcolderC.warmerandwarmerD.shorterandshorterByandby,studentsinourclasscametolikeEnglish.A.moreandmoreB.muchandmuchC.manyandmanyD.lessandleastAtlasthebegantocry___.A.hardandhardB.morehardandmorehardC.harderandharderD.lesshardandlessharderC.harderandharderWhenspringcomesthedaysgetandnights.D.shorter;longerA.short;longB.long;shortC.longer;shorterD.shorter;longer（七）___Ilookatthepicture,Ilikeit.A.Thebest;themoreB.Themore;thelessC.Themore;lessD.More;themore___hereadthebook,hegotinit.A.Themore;themoreinterestingTheless;themoreinterestingThemore;themoreinterestedMore;moreinterested___youcomeback,itwillbe.A.Thequicker;thebestC.Faster;thebetterA.Thequicker;thebestC.Faster;thebetterThesooner;thebetterD.Thesooner;better（八）Ilike___Ilike___oneofthetwobooks.A.theolderB.oldestC.theoldestD.olderWhichis___country,ChinaorJapan?A.thelargeB.thelarger3Ofthetwocups,heboughtA.thesmallerB.thesmallestC.largerD.largestC.smallD.smaller九）Whichdoyoulike___,teaorcoffee?A.wellB.betterC.bestD.mostThisworkisA.theolderB.oldestC.theoldestD.olderWhichis___country,ChinaorJapan?A.thelargeB.thelarger3Ofthetwocups,heboughtA.thesmallerB.thesmallestC.largerD.largestC.smallD.smaller九）Whichdoyoulike___,teaorcoffee?A.wellB.betterC.bestD.mostThisworkisformethanforyou.A.difficultB.mostdifficultmuchdifficultD.moredifficultWhichdoyouthinktastes,thechickenorthefish?A.goodB.betterC.bestD.wellTheGreatPyramidisabout137metreshightoday,butitwasonceA.higherB.highestC.hightooD.morehigh5.Don'tyouthinkitnottowritetheletter?A.wellB.betterC.bestD.good（十）Whojumpedofall?A.farB.fartherC.farthestD.themostfarLiLeiis___studentinourclass.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallestThefifthorangeisofall.Giveittothatsmallchild.A.bigB.biggerC.thebiggerD.thebiggestWhoisofyouthree?A.theoldestB.mucholderC.oldestD.older（十一）Tomisoneofboysinourclass.A.tallestB.tallerC.thetallestB.thetallEnglishisoneofA.theimportantlanguages

C.mostimportantlanguageBeijingisoneofinChina.A.thelargestcityC.thelargercitiesspokenintheworld.themostimportantlanguagesthemostimportantlanguagethelargecitiesD.thelargestcities（十二）A.areB.isC.hasD.have___likeplayingfootballandwatchingTV.A.MostboysB.MostoftheyC.Mostboy___areherewateringtheflowershere.A.SomeB.SomeoftheboysC.Someboy___haven'tbeentoAmerican.D.MoreoftheyD.SomeofboysD.MostofthemA.MostthemD.MoreoftheyD.SomeofboysD.Mostofthem....1.十三）___ismorebeautifulthanroses.A.NootherflowerB.NoanotherflowerNototherflowerD.NotallflowersThetreeis___inthegarden.A.thetallerB.thetallestC.tallerthanofallD.tallMarystudiesharderinherclass.A.asanyoneB.thananyothergirlC.thantheotherD.thananyone（十四）Whichis___,LiLeiorWuTong?A.strongB.strongestC.strongerD.thestrongestWhichlanguageis,English,FrenchorJapanese?A.easyB.themosteasyC.theeasiestoD.muchmoreeasyWhichisinteresting,science,mathsorEnglish?A.moreB.themostC.veryD.tooWhichcityis,Beijing,ShanghaiorFuzhou?A.beautifulB.morebeautifulmuchmorebeautifulD.themostbeautifulWhichmonthis,June,JulyorAugust?A.hotB.hotterC.hottestD.thehottest（十五）Doyouhavetotellus?A.somethingnewB.newsomethingC.anythingnewD.newanythingMike,Ihavetotellyou.A.importantsomethingB.importantanythingC.somethingimportant,D.anythingimportantThereis___