C++复习资料(源代码)

C++复习资料(源代码)西安财经大学信息学院软件工程1202:罗伟著⑴析构顺序模型#include<iostream>#include<string>#include<iomanip>usingnamespacestd;classA{public:A(int,string);〜A();private:intid;stringmessage;};A::A(intid2,stringmessage2){id=id2;message=message2;cout<<"对象:”<<id<<"构造函数正在运行:"<<set\M4)<<message<<endl;cout«"\n";}A::〜A(){cout«(id==2||id==6)?"\n":HH;cout<〈”对象:”<<id<<”析构函数正在运行:”<<set>A44)<<message<<endl;cout«"\n";}voidcreat(void);Afirst(l,”全局对象”)；intmain(){cout<<”主函数现在执行:\n”《endl;Asecond(2,”(主函数中的局部对象)”)；staticAthird(3,”(主函数中的静态对象)”)；creat();cout<ぐ主函数再次执行:\n";Aforth(4,”(主函数中的局部对象)”)；cout<<”主函数执行完毕、n”；return0;}voidcreat(void){cout«"creat函数开始执行:\n"«endl;Afifth(5；,(creat中的局部对象)”)；staticAsixth(6/*(creat中的静态对象)”)；Aseventh。,”(creat中的局部对象)”)；cout«"creat函数结束:\n"«endl;}析构时先析构局部(动态)对象,后析构全局(静态)对象。静态变量(对象)等价于全局变量(对象),动态变量(对象)等价于局部变量(对象)。当函数退出程序段(包括主函数或者自定义的函数段)开始调用析构函数,和构造函数调用的顺序相反。(2):const模型#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classA{public:A(intc=O,inti=0);〃这里是为对象设置默认值,若不对私有变量赋值则使用默认值;同时A(int=。,int=O)还可以改为A(intc=O,inti=O)的形式〃voidaddA(){count+=a;}voidprint()const;private:intcount;constinta;}；A::A(intc,inti):count(c),a(i)(}voidA::print()const{cout«"countis"«count«""«"ais:"«a;}intmain(){Avae,vbe(12,12);vae.print();cout«"\n";vbe.print();cout«"\n";vbe.addA();vbe.print();return0;}Const数据和引用数据变量必须定义时为其赋值。采用成员初始化器,const数据一定以后就不能被修改。Const成员函数不能修改对象。而const对象只能调用const函数,非const函数可以调用const和非const函数。Static成员变量可看成全局变量,可以被公有地访问。即类名::变量名。(3)组合模型：#include<iostream>#include<cstring>usingnamespacestd;classdate{public:date(int=l,int=l,int=1900);voidprint()const;〜date。;private:intmonth;intday;intyear;intcheakday(int)const;|；date::date(intmnjntdyjntyr){month=(0<mn&&mn<=12)?mn:l;year=yr;day=cheakday(dy);print();)voiddate::print()const{cout«month«7"«day«7"«year«"\n"«endl;)date::〜date。{cout«"date析构函数:、n”；print();}intdate::cheakday(inttestday)const{staticconstintdayspermonth[13]{0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31}；if(O<testday&&testday<dayspermonth[month])returntestday;if(monthニニ2&&testdayニニ29&&(year%400==01|(year%4==0&&year&100!=0)))returntestday;elsereturn28;}classemployee{public:employee(constchar*const,constchar*const,constdate&,constdate&);voidprint()const;〜employee。;private:charfirstname[25];charlastname[25];constdatebirth;constdatehire;};employee::employee(constchar*constfirst,constchar*constlast,constdate&birthdate,constdate&hiredate):birth(birthdate),hire(hiredate){intlenth=strlen(first);strncpy(firstname,first,lenth);firstname[lenth]='\O';lenth=strlen(last);strncpy(lastname,last,lenth);lastname[lenth]='\O';cout<<”姓名:"<<firstname<<""<<lastname;}voidemployee::print()const{cout«firstname«""«lastname«":"«"hired"«"\n";hire.print();birth.print();}employee::〜employee。{cout«"employee析构函数:"<<firstname<<""<<lastname;}intmain。{datebirth(7,26,1993);datehire(6,7,2014);employeemanager("罗","伟",birth,hire);cout«"\n";manager.print。;return0;)组合:成员对象也要用成员初始化器赋值。⑷友元函数模型#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classcount{friendvoidsetx(count&,int);public:count(int=5);voidprint()const;private:intx;)；count::count(intx2):x(x2)voidcount::print()const{cout«"x="«x«"\n";}voidsetx(count&CJntvae){C.x=vae;}intmain(){countA;cout«"A的初值:,'«"\nn;A.print();setx(Az6);cout«HA的新值:“〈ぐ、n”；A.print();return0;}⑸this指针模型:#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classtest{public:test(int=1);voidprint()const;private:intx;};test::test(intvae):x(vae)(}voidtest::print()const{cout«"x=n«x;cout«"\nthis->="«this->x;cout«"\n(*this).x="«(*this).x;}intmain(){testA(6);A.print();return0;}⑹模板模型/*#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;template<typenameT>voidprintarray(constT*array,intn){inti;for(i=0;i<n;i++)cout«array[i]«ncout«"\n";}intmain(){constintA=5;constintB=6;constintC=7;inta[A]={l,2,3,4/5)；floatb[B={LI22,3344556.6};charc[C]="ABCDEF";printarray(a,A);printarray(b,B);printarray(c,C);return0;)*/#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;template<typenameT>classstack{public:stack(int=10);boolisfull(){returntop==size-l;}boolisempty(){returntop==-l;}boolpush(constT&);boolpop(T&);private:intsize;T*stackptr;inttop;}；template<typenameT>stack<T>::stack(ints):size(s>0?s:10)zstackptr(newT[size]),top(-1){cout<〈”构造函数运行完毕:\n"；)template<typenameT>boolstack<T>::push(constT&ave){if(!(isfull()))

stackptr[++top]=ave;returntrue;}elsereturnfalse;}template<typenameT>boolstack<T>::pop(T&vae){if(lisemptyO){vae=stackptr[top-];returntrue;}elsereturnfalse;}intmain(){stack<double>A(7);doublevae=l.l;cout«"l将元素依次进栈:\n”;while(A.push(vae)){cout«vae«'7'；vae+=l.l;}cout<ぐ、nl栈满,无法进栈:\n";cout<〈”将元素依次出栈:\n"；while(A.pop(vae))cout«vae«'7,;cout<ぐ、nl栈空,无法出栈:、n”;stack<int>B(6);intvoe=2;cout«"2将元素依次进栈:、n”;while(B.push(voe)){cout«voe«*7'；voe++;}cout<ぐ、n2栈满,无法进栈:、n”；cout<ぐ将元素依次出栈:、n”；while(B.pop(voe))cout«voe«'7'；cout<ぐ、n2栈空,无法出栈:、n”；return0;

7,6.6,5.5,4.4,3.3,2.2,1.12榜满,将兀素7,6.6,5.5,4.4,3.3,2.2,1.12榜满,将兀素2栈空,无法出栈:(7):this指针的级联调用模型:#include<iostream>#include<iomanip>usingnamespacestd;classtime{public:time(int=ljnt=l,int=l);time&settime(int,int,int);time&sethour(int);time&setminute(int);time&setsecond(int);voidprintuniversal()const;voidprintstandard()const;private:inthour;intminute;intsecond;|；time::time(inthjntmjnts){settime(h,m,s);}time&time::settime(inthhjntmmjntss){sethour(hh);setminute(mm);setsecond(ss);return*this;}time&time::sethour(inthl){hour=(hl>=0)?hl:0;return*this;time&time::setminute(intml){minute=(ml>=0&&ml<60)?ml:0;return*this;}time&time::setsecond(intsi){second=(sl>=0&&sl<60)?sl:0;return*this;}voidtime::printstandard()const{coutくぐ全国标准时间:'n“；cout«((hour==011hour==12)?0:hour%24)«":"«setw(2)«minute«setw(2)«":"«setw(2)«second«((hour>=0&&hour<12)?|"AM":"PM',)«"\nn;}voidtime::printuniversal()const{cout(ぐ全国统ー时间:'n”；cout«setw(2)«setw(2)«hour«,,:"«setw(2)«minute«,,:"«setw(2)«second«"\n";}intmain(){timeAl(18,25,16);timeA2(16,34,27);cout<ぐ输出Al的时间格式:\n";Al.printuniversal();Al.printstandard();cout<<"输出A2的时间格式:\n";A2.printuniversal();A2.printstandard();Al.settime(25/25/25),sethour(25).setminute(25).setsecond(25);cout<ぐ输出更改后Al的时间格式:'n”；Al.printuniversal();Al.printstandard();return0;「ヨ,一B式

:格:

日6日日■■的ー16准:1的ー27准:2改ー25准25風统・标5笔包标4墨:;标:出国:2国:2出国:3国:3出国:2国25璽18全18璽16全16肇25全1:⑻:new,delete,ロ运算符模型#include<iostream>#include<iomanip>#include<cstring>usingnamespacestd;classA{public:A(constchar*const,constchar*const);~A();constchar*getfirstname()const{returnfirstname;}constchar*getlastname()const{returnlastname;}staticintgetcount(){returncount;}private:char*firstname;char*lastname;staticintcount;};intA::count=0;A::A(constchar*constfirst,constchar*constlast){firstname=newchar[(strlen(first))+l];strcpy(firstname,first);lastname=newchar[(strlen(last))+l];strcpy(lastname,last);count++;coutくぐ构造函数正在为此对象服务:"<<lastname«setw⑵<<firstname<<"\n";

A::~A(){cout<<"析构函数正在为此对象服务:"<<lastname<<setw(2)<<firstname<<"\n";delete[]firstname;delete[]lastname;count—;11intmain(){coutくぐ未定义时的对象个数:“<<A::getcount()くぐ、n”；A*Alptr=newA("迈克尔・ヴ乔丹”)；A*A2ptr=newA(“凯文.“,“杜朗特“)；cout<<“定以后的对象个数:“<<A::getcount()<<“ヽn“；cout<〈“输出Al的信息:“<<Alptr->getlastname()<<setw(2)<<Alptr->getfirstname()<<“\n“;cout<<“输出A2的信息:“<<Alptr・>getlastname()<<setw(2)<<Alptr・>getfirstname()<<“\n“；deleteAlptr;Alptr=O;deleteA2ptr;A2ptr=O;cout<<“析构后的人数:"«A::getcount()«"\n";return0;_^^^【娄娄な白白娄娄下

ハ函函后AlA2_^^^【娄娄な白白娄娄下

ハ函函后AlA2函函后歩为个再:f为为•.

刈在息在募:0象象-1-:2、し、スー:ー、:-.'.スヌ:二>二>ヌヌR.s.^^ケケn又D又免ふ象象一:/*#include<iostream>#include<cstring>usingnamespacestd;classdate{public:date(int=lJnt=lJnt=1900);~date();voidprint()const;private:intmonth;intday;intyear;intcheakday(int)const;}；date::date(intmmjntddjntyr){month=(0<mm<=12)?mm:0;year=yr;day=cheakday(dd);print();}intdate::cheakday(inttest)const{staticconstintdaysロ3]={0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31};if(O<test&&test==days[month])returntest;if(month==2&&test==29&&((year%400==0)11(year%4==0&&year%100!=0)))returntest;elsereturn28;)date::〜date。{cout«"date析构函数:、n”;print();}voiddate::print()const{cout«"date类print函数:'n”；cout«month«7"«day«7"«year«,,\n";}classA{public:A(constchar*const,constchar*const,constdate&,constdate&);voidprint()const;一A();private:charfirstname[25];charlastname[25];constdatebirth;constdatehire;)；A::A(constchar*constfirst,constchar*const last,const date&birthdate,constdate&hiredate):birth(birthdate),hire(hiredate){intlenth=strlen(last);strncpy(lastname,last,lenth);lastname[lenth]=,\O,;lenth=strlen(first);strncpy(firstname,first,lenth);firstname[lenth]='\O';cout<<"姓名为:"<<lastname«firstname;voidA::print()const{cout«"A类print函数:、n”；cout<<”雇员姓名:“<<lastname<<firstname<<”被录取为manager\n";hire.print();birth.print();}A::〜A(){cout«"A类析构函数:“<<lastname<<firstname<<"\n";}intmain(){datebirth(7,26,1993);datehire(6,7,2014);Amanager(”伟ヴ罗ッbirth,hire);manager.print();return0;)7(9):函数的重载电话模型:重载为(有元函数)全局函数#include<iostream>#include<iomanip>#include<cstring>usingnamespacestd;classphonenumber{friendistream&operator»(istream&,phonenumber&);friendostream&operator«(ostream&,constphonenumber&);private:stringareacode;stringexchange;stringline;}；ostream&operator«(ostream&output,constphonenumber&A){output«"("«A.areacode«,')"«A.exchange«"-,,«A.line«"\n";returnoutput;}istream&operator»(istream&input,phonenumber&A){input»setw(3)»A.areacode;input»setw(4)»A.exchange;input»setw(4)»A.line;returninput;}intmain(){phonenumberA;cout<<”键入号码:\n”；cin»A;

cout<ぐ输出号码ヘバ;cout«A;return0;}键入号码:02387884215綸出号码:(023)8788-4215(10)运算符重载ー数组模型:#include<iostream>#include<iomanip>include<stdlib.h>usingnamespacestd;classarray{friendostream&operator«(ostream&,constarray&);friendistream&operator»(istream&zarray&);public:array(int=10);array(constarray&);〜array。;constarray&operator=(constarray&);booloperator==(constarray&);booloperator!=(constarray&);int&operator[](int);intoperator[](int)const;intgetsize()const{returnsize;}private:intsize;int*ptr;)；array::array(ints):size((s>0?s:10)){ptr=newint[size];for(inti=0;i<size;i++)ptr[i]=O;}array::array(constarray&A){size=A.size;ptr=newint[size];for(inti=0;i<size;i++)ptr[i]=A.ptr[i];)constarray&array::operator=(constarray&a){if(&a!=this){if(size!=a.size){delete[]ptr;size=a.size;ptr=newint[size];}for(inti=0;i<size;i++)ptr[i]=a.ptr[i];}}boolarray::operator==(constarray&right){if(size!=right.size)returnfalse;for(inti=0;i<size;i++)if(ptr[i]!=right.ptr[i))returnfalse;returntrue;}boolarray::operator!=(constarray&right){return!(*this==right);}int&array::operator[](inti){if(i<0||i>size){cerr«":"«i«":\nn;exit(l);}returnptr[i];}intarray::operator[](inti)const{if(i<0||i>size){cerr«":"«i«":\n,';exit⑴；}returnptr[i];}ostream&operator<<(ostream&output,constarray&A){inti;for(i=O;i<A.size;i++){output«setw(3)«A.ptr[i];if((i+l)%5==0)output«endl;}if(i%5==0)output«endl;returnoutput;}istream&operator»(istream&input,array&A){for(inti=O;i<A.size;i++)input»A.ptr[i];returninput;}array::〜array。{delete[]ptr;}intmain(){arrayAl⑺；arrayA2;cout<ぐ输出A!的大小:""Al.getsize()<<”\n输出Al:\n"<<Al;cout«"\n输出A2的大小:""A2.getsize()«"\n输出A2:\n"«A2;cout"”重新输入Al,A2:\n";cin»Al;cin»A2;cout<<"输出Al的大小:""Al.getsize()"”\n输出Al:\n"«Al;cout«"\n输出A2的大小:”"A2.getsize()"”\n输出A2:\n"«A2;if(A1!=A2)cout«"Al!=A2:\n"«"fflAl初始化A3:\n”；arrayA3(A1);cout"”输出A3的大小:”"A3.getsize()"”\n输出A3:\n"«A3;cout«"\n用A2初始化Al:\n";A1=A2;if(A1==A2)cout«"Al==A2:\n";cout<<"Al[5]="«Al[5]""\n输出Al:\n";Al⑸=1000;cout<<"Al[5]="«Al[5]""\n输出A3:\n"«Al;return0;输出A1的大小:ク输出乳:00i屮«-LjLTIl-U0000000A2的大小:10A2：00000000重新输入Ai，A2:123456789101112131415161718额岀虱的大小:？输岀Al：1234567撿岀A2的大小:10输岀A2：89101112131415161717用Al初強化A3：领出A3的大小:7输岀A3：1234567用A2初始化A1：A1==A2：Al[51-13输岀Al：Al[51=1000输岀A3：89101112100014151617(11):继承派生一一雇佣模型#include<iostream>#include<cstring>usingnamespacestd;classE{public:E(conststring&,conststring&,conststring&/double=0.0/double=0.0);voidsetfirstname(conststring&first){firstname=first;}stringgetfirstname()const{returnfirstname;voidsetlastname(conststring&last){lastname=last;}stringgetlastname()const{returnlastname;}voidsetid(conststring&id2){id=id2;}stringgetid()const{returnid;}voidsetgrosssales(doublesales){grosssales=(sales>0)?sales:0.0;}doublegetgrosssales()const{returngrosssales;}voidsetrate(doubleratel){rate=(ratel>O)?ratel:O.O;}doublegetrate()const{returnrate;}doublemoney()const{returngrosssales*rate;}voidprint()const;private:stringfirstname;stringlastname;stringid;doublegrosssales;doublerate;}；E::E(conststring&first,conststring&last,const string&idl,double saleszdoubleratel):firstname(first)Jastname(last)Jd(idl){setgrosssales(sales);setrate(ratel);}voidE::print()const{cout<<”员エ信息:\n',«firstname«","«lastname<<"\n身份证号:"«id«"\n毛销售额:"«grosssales«"\n提成率:"«rate«"\n实际エ资:"<<grosssales*rate<vendl;}intmain(){EA("wei"/"luo'7z8000/0.56);cout«"员エ名:"«A.getfirstname()«"\n员エ姓:"«A.getlastname()«"\n身份证号:

"«A.getid()«n\n毛销售额:"<<A.getgrosssales()くぐ、n提成率:"«A.getrate()«"\n本月实际エ资:"<<A.money()«endl;A.setgrosssales(lOOOO);A.setrate(0.6);cout<ぐ更改后的员エ销售业绩信息ヘバ;A.print();return0;}盒证隹頃工头魚lu证售率エエ工^^月改エ盒证隹頃工头魚lu证售率エエ工^^月改エ1,^^际员员量提本更员茸毛提买:w:1号额.・^£息。号额..资8056资エ00(13)雇佣模型一继承派生#include<iostream>#include<cstring>usingnamespacestd;classE{public:E(conststring&,conststring&,conststring&,double=0.0,double=0.0);voidsetfirstname(conststring&first){firstname=first;}stringgetfirstname()const{returnfirstname;}voidsetlastname(conststring&last){lastname=last;}stringgetlastname()const{returnlastname;}voidsetid(conststring&id2){id=id2;stringgetid()const{returnid;}voidsetgrosssales(doublesales){grosssales=(sales>0)?sales:0.0;}doublegetgrosssales()const{returngrosssales;}voidsetrate(doubleratel){rate=(ratel>0)?ratel:0.0;}doublegetrate()const{returnrate;}doublemoney()const{returngrosssales*rate;}voidprint()const;protected:stringfirstname;stringlastname;stringid;doublegrosssales;doublerate;}；E::E(conststring&first,const string&last,const string&idl,doublesales,doubleratel):firstname(first),lastname(last),id(idl){setgrosssales(sales);setrate(ratel);}voidE::print()const{cout<ぐ员エ信息:\n"«firstname«",M«lastname«"\n身份证号:,,«id«"\n毛销售额:"«grosssales«"\n提成率:"«rate«H\n实际エ资:"<<grosssales*rate«endl;}classBE:publicE{public:BE(conststring&,conststring&,conststring&,double=0.0,double二。.〇,double二〇.〇);voidsetbasewage(doublewage2){basewage=(wage2>0)?wage2:0;)doublegetbasewage()const{returnbasewage;voidprint()const;doublemoney()const;private:

doublebasewage;}；BE::BE(conststring&first,conststring&last,conststring&idl,doublesales,doubleratel,doublewage):E(first,last,idl,sales,ratel){setbasewage(wage);}doubleBE::money()const{returnbasewage+rate*grosssales;}voidBE::print()const{cout<<"基本工资型员エ信息:、n"<<"员エ名:"<<firstname<<”\n员エ姓:"<<lastname«"\n员エ身份证号:"«id«"\n毛销售额:"«grosssales«"\n提成率:"«rate«"\n基本工资:"<<basewage<<"\n实际エ资:"«basewage+grosssales*rate;}intmain(){BEB("天","李",,5000,0.6,1000);cout<〈"员エ信息:、n"<<"员エ名:"<<B.getfirstname()«"\n员エ姓:""B.getlastname()<<"、n员エ身份证号:"<<B.getid()<<"、n毛销售额:"<<B.getgrosssales()«"、n提成率:""B.getrate()<<"、n员エ基本工资:""B.getbasewage。;B.setbasewage(1200);B.setrate(0.58);cout«"\n更改后的员エ销售业绩信息:、n";B.print();cout«"\n实际エ资:$""B.money();return0;身隹n率養エ蠢身售率工エエT-T-T身隹n率養エ蠢身售率工エエT-T-Tエ覇エ策エエエ^W际际<:沃律禦:0,Q・姿舞:0.资资资号00资エ员号息

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00隹楫

1-HIE匸

:用「一(14)继承派生一雇佣模型#include<iostream>#include<cstring>usingnamespacestd;classE{public:E(conststring&,conststring&,conststring&,double=0.0,double=0.0);voidsetfirstname(conststring&first){firstname=first;}stringgetfirstname()const{returnfirstname;}voidsetlastname(conststring&last){lastname=last;}stringgetlastname()const{returnlastname;}voidsetid(conststring&id2){id=id2;}stringgetid()const{returnid;}voidsetgrosssales(doublesales){grosssales=(sales>0)?sales:0.0;}doublegetgrosssales()const{returngrosssales;)voidsetrate(doubleratel){rate=(ratel>0)?ratel:0.0;}doublegetrate()const{returnrate;}doublemoney()const{returngrosssales*rate;}voidprint()const;private:stringfirstname;stringlastname;stringid;doublegrosssales;doublerate;);E::E(const string&first,const string&last,const string&idl,double sales.doublerateljifirstnamejfirstjjastnameflastjjdfidl){setgrosssales(sales);setrate(ratel);}voidE::print()const{coutvv”员エ信息:\n"«firstname«"/"«lastname«"\n身份证号:"«id«"\n毛销售额:"«grosssales«"\n提成率:H«rate«"\n提成工资:"«grosssales*rate«endl;}classBE:publicE{public:BE(conststring&,conststring&,conststring&,double二〇.〇,double二〇.〇,double二〇.〇);voidsetbasewage(doublewage2){basewage=(wage2>0)?wage2:0;}doublegetbasewage()const{returnbasewage;}voidprint()const;doublemoney()const;private:doublebasewage;};BE::BE(conststring&first,conststring&last,conststring&idl,doublesales,doubleratel,doublewage):E(first,last,idl,sales,ratel){setbasewage(wage);}doubleBE::money()const{returnbasewage+E::money();}voidBE::print()const{cout<<”基本工资型员エ信息:、n";E::print();cout<<"基本工资\n”<<basewage«"\n实际エ资:“<<basewage+E::money();}intmain(){BEB("天ヴ李,5000,0.6,1000);cout<<"员エ信息:、n"<<"员エ名:"<<B.getfirstname()〈ぐ、n员エ姓:”〈〈B.getlastname()〈ぐ、n员エ身份证号:”〈〈B.getid。〈ぐ、n毛销售额:”〈〈B.getgrosssales()〈ぐ、n提成率:”〈〈B.getrate()〈ぐ、n员エ基本工资:"«B.getbasewage();B.setbasewage(1200);B.setrate(0.58);cout«"\n更改后的员エ销售业绩信息:、n”；

B.print();cout«"\n实际エ资:$"<<B.money();return0;自』士ーユ窗:。业息並隹宿:1销エ资エ员自』士ーユ窗:。业息並隹宿:1销エ资エ员・天空证:5.6エ。费!心,為:0本的资息号额.•资资资拈I，•••«メスq«•-/<rrk-1，•:，••:>••«:«身售率養エ信交证售率工工エ丁丄エエ工覇エ室工片^^室00际上贝员员员毛提员婁员天身毛提簟12实宀}引用基类的数据成员的方法:将基类数据成员声明为protected,则派生类成员函数就可以直接访问private数据正如基类成员函数访问自身的数据成员ー样。将基类数据成员声明为private〇则此时派生类成员函数不能直接引用基类数据成员。要通过设定基类SET和GET成员函数来间接操纵数据成员。若在派生类成员函数中要引用基类成员函数则必须使用〃基类名::成员函数”的格式返回一个值来引用基类数据成员。(15)继承派生,析构调用顺序ーー雇佣模型#include<iostream>#include<cstring>usingnamespacestd;classE{public:E(conststring&,conststring&,conststring&,double=0.0,double=0.0);〜E(){cout<<“基类析构函数:、n”；print();}voidsetfirstname(conststring&first){firstname=first;stringgetfirstname()const{returnfirstname;}voidsetlastname(conststring&last){lastname=last;stringgetlastname()const{returnlastname;}voidsetid(conststring&id2){id=id2;}stringgetid()const{returnid;}voidsetgrosssales(doublesales){grosssales=(sales>0)?sales:0.0;}doublegetgrosssales()const{returngrosssales;)voidsetrate(doubleratel){rate=(ratel>0)?ratel:0.0;}doublegetrate()const{returnrate;}doublemoney()const{returngetgrosssales()*getrate();}voidprint()const;private:stringfirstname;stringlastname;stringid;doublegrosssales;doublerate;)；E::E(const string&first,const string&last,const string&idl,doublesales,doubleratel):firstname(first),lastname(last),id(idl){cout<<"基类构造函数\n:";setgrosssales(sales);setrate(ratel);}voidE::print()const{cout<<"基类print函数:、n";cout<<”员エ信息:\n"«getfirstname()«",H«getlastname()«"\n身份证号:“"getid()«”\n

毛销售额:"«getgrosssales()«"\n提成率:"«getrate()«"\n提成工资:"«getgrosssales()*getrate()«endl;classBE:publicE{public:BE(conststring&,conststring&,conststring&,double=0.0/double=0.0/double=0.0);〜BE(){coutくぐ派生类析构函数:、n”;print();}voidsetbasewage(doublewage2){basewage=(wage2>0)?wage2:0;}doublegetbasewage()const{returnbasewage;}voidprint()const;doublemoney()const;private:doublebasewage;}；BE::BE(conststring&first,conststring&last,conststring&idl,doublesales,doubleratel,doublewage):E(first,last,idl,sales,ratel){cout<〈”派生类构造函数:";setbasewage(wage);}doubleBE::money()const{returnbasewage+E::money();}voidBE::print()const{coutくぐ派生类print函数,员エ信息:、n”；E::print();cout<〈”基本工资、n"«basewage<<"、n实际エ资:"<<basewage+E::money();)intmain(){{EAl("wei","luo",,8000,0.5);)cout«endl;BEA2("tian","li",,10000,0.48,800);cout«endl;BEA3("^"；'^"/,12000,0.3,1800);cout«endl;return0;析构函数:：p£nt函数:エ资:5ザ0基类析构函数:巴int析构函数:：p£nt函数:类构造函数:生类构造函数:生类类构造函数:生类构造函数:生类‘伪证号售额:8000成率:0-5成工资:4000构函数:,int函数•员エ信息、:t函数:册证号售额:12000是成率:0.3喷エ鄭3600鉢エ资800饯证号售説I2000成率:0.3成工资:3600生类种构函数:生类p£nt函数，员エ信息:类段如t函数：サ证号售额:10000文率:0.48な士资:4800际エ资:5600基类析构函数:类Mint函数：■：100000.48:4800(16)继承派生多态ーー雇佣模型#include<iostream>#include<cstring>usingnamespacestd;classE{public:E(conststring&,conststring&,conststring&,double二〇•〇,double二〇・〇);voidsetfirstname(conststring&first){firstname=first;}stringgetfirstname()const{returnfirstname;}voidsetlastname(conststring&last){lastname=last;}stringgetlastname()const{returnlastname;voidsetid(conststring&id2){id=id2;}stringgetid()const{returnid;}voidsetgrosssales(doublesales){grosssales=(sales>0)?sales:0.0;}doublegetgrosssales()const{returngrosssales;)voidsetrate(doubleratel){rate=(ratel>O)?ratel:O.O;}doublegetrate()const{returnrate;}virtualdoublemoney()const{returngetgrosssales()*getrate();}virtualvoidprint()const;private:stringfirstname;stringlastname;stringid;doublegrosssales;doublerate;}；E::E(const string&first,const string&last,const string&idl,double sales,doubleratel):firstname(first),lastname(last),id(idl){coutくぐ基类构造函数:、n”；setgrosssales(sales);setrate(ratel);}voidE::print()const{cout<ぐ基类print函数:'n”；cout<<"员エ信息:\n"«getfirstname()«"/"«getlastname()«H\n身份证号:"«getid()«"\n毛销售额:"«getgrosssales()«M\n提成率："«getrate()«"\n提成工资:"«getgrosssales()*getrate()«endl;}classBE:publicE{public:BE(conststring&,conststring&,conststring&,double二〇,〇,double二〇。double=0.0);voidsetbasewage(doublewage2){basewage=(wage2>0)?wage2:0;}doublegetbasewage()const{returnbasewage;}virtualvoidprint()const;virtualdoublemoney()const;private:doublebasewage;}；BE::BE(conststring&first,conststring&last,conststring&idl,doublesales,doubleratel,doublewage):E(first,last,idl,sales,ratel){cout(ぐ派生类构造函数:\n"；setbasewage(wage);}doubleBE::money()const{returnbasewage+E::money();)voidBE::print()const{cout<<"派生类print函数,员エ信息:、n”；E::print();cout<<”基本工资、n”<<basewage«”\n实际エ资:"<<basewage+E::money()<<”\n”；}intmain(){Ee("wei","luo",,,10000,0.5);E*eptr=0;BEbe("tian","liH,,8000,0.4,1800);BE*beptr=0;cout«"e.print():\n";e.print();cout<〈”将基类指针指向基类对象:'n”；eptr=&e;cout«"eptr->print():\n";eptr->print();cout<〈”将派生类指针指向派生类对象:、n”；beptr=&be;cout«"beptr->print():\n";beptr->print();cout〈ぐ将基类指针指向派生类对象体现同名函数的多态性:\n";eptr=&be;cout«"eptr->print():\nH;eptr->print();return0;

曇类均造函数:塞类构造函数:盘生共构造函数:e.printO曇类均造函数:塞类构造函数:盘生共构造函数:e.printO：基类ppint函数：bepti*->printく）:區生类p£nt函数,员エ信息:基主print函数：身份证号:S1052219930726733X身份证号销售额:身份证号销售额:10000提成率：0.5提成工资：5000畐基类キ旨针指向基类对象：基类代セt函斂:员エ信息:ナ证号售额:10000碎:‘0.5握成率:0.4fet32081800实應エ资:5000搭建类籍针指向派生类对象体现同名函数的多态性5pti*->pi*int〇:派生主print展J数,员エ信息：复类p£nt函数：员エ信息:：5000tian,li：5000份证号舊就8000是成率:0.4成工资:3200笨エ资800HE行エ杏.B000(17)继承派生多态一雇佣模型:(18)多态的向上映射模型:将派生类对象地址赋给基类指针,用派生类对象给基类对象(对象引用)赋值。#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classShape(public:virtualdoubleArea()const(return0.0;}〃纯虚函数,在派生类中重载virtualvoidPrint()const=0;)；classPoint:publicShape(intx,y;〃点的x和y坐标public:Point(int=0,int=0);/Z构造函数voidSetPoint(inta,intb);/Z设置坐标intGetX()const〃取x坐标returnx;intGetY()const〃取y坐标returny;)virtualvoidPrint()const;〃输出点的坐标}；Point::Point(inta,intb):x(a)zy(b){cout«"point对象构造函数运行完毕:\n"；}voidPoint::SetPoint(inta,intb)y=b；}voidPoint::Print()const(cout<<“坐标为ぐ<vT«x«","«y«'],；}classCircle:publicPoint{doubleradius;public:Circle(intx=0,inty=0,doubler=0.0);voidSetRadius(doubler); 〃设置半径doubleGetRadius()const; 〃取半径virtualdoubleArea()const;〃计算面积avirtualvoidPrint()const; 〃输出圆心坐标和半径)；Circle::Circle(intajntb,doubler):Point(a,b),radius(r){cout«"circle对象构造函数运行完毕へn”；}voidCircle::SetRadius(doubler){radius=(r>=0?r:0);}doubleCircle::GetRadius()const{returnradius;}doubleCircle::Area()constreturn3.14159*radius*radius;voidCircle::Print()const{cout«"圆心坐标:\n”；Point::Print();cout«圆半径=M«radius«"\n®|®^:"«Area()«"\nM;}voidvirtualViaPointer(constShape*);voidvirtualViaReference(constShape&);intmain(){〃创建point、circle对象Pointpoint(30,50);Circlecircle(120,80,10,0);〃输出point、circle>rectangle对象信息point.Print();cout«endl;circle.Print();〃定义基类对象指针Shape*arrayOfShapes[2];arrayOfShapes[0]=&point;arrayOfShapes[1]=&circle;〃通过基类对象指针访问派生类对象cout«"向上映射:把派生类对象的地址赋给基类指针\n“；for(inti=0;i<2;i++)(virtualViaPointer(arrayOfShapes[i]);}cout<<"向上映射:用派生类对象给基类对象赋值、n";for(intj=0;j<2;j++){virtualViaReference(*arrayOfShapes[j]);}return0;}〃通过基类对象指针访问虚函数实现动态绑定voidvirtualViaPointer(constShape*baseClassPtr){baseClassPtr->Print();cout«"面积:"«baseClassPtr->Area()«endl;}〃通过基类对象引用访问虚函数实现动态绑定voidvirtualViaReference(constShape&baseClassRef)baseClassRef.Print();cout«"面积="«baseClassRef.Area()«endl;)(19)：#include<iomanip>usingnamespacestd;classtime{friendostream&operator<<(ostream&,consttime&);public:time(int,int,int);time&operator++();private:intsecond;intminute;inthour;)；time::time(ints,intmjnth){hour=h;minute=m;second=s;if(second>60)second=0;if(minute>60)minute=0;if(hour>24)hour=24;}time&time::operator++(){++second;if(second>=60)

{++minute;second=0;++minute;if(minute>=60){++hour;minute=O;if(hour>=24)hour=0;)}return*this;}ostream&operator«(ostream&output/consttime&t){output<<":\n"<<t.hour<<":"<<t.minute<<":"<<t.second<<”\n”;returnoutput;|intmain(){time11(59,59,23);cout«tl;++tl;cout«tl;cout«++tl;return0;}(20)函数的重载模型:String类模型#include<iostream>#include<iomanip>#include<cstring>#include<cstdlib>usingnamespacestd;classString{friendostream&operator<<(ostream&,constString&);friendistream&operator»(istream&,String&);public:String(constchar*);String(constString&);〜String。;constString&operator=(constString&);constString&operator+=(constString&);booloperator!()const;booloperator==(constString&)const;booloperator!=(constString&rightjconst{return!(*this==right);}booloperator<(constString&)const;booloperator>(constString&right)const{returnright<*this;}booloperator<=(constString&right)const{return!(right<*this);}booloperator>=(constString&right)const{return!(*this<right);}char&operator[](int);charoperator[](int)const;Stringoperator()(intJnt=0)const;intgetlenth()const{returnlenth;}private:intlenth;char*sptr;voidsetstring(constchar*);};String::String(constchar*s):lenth(s!=O?strlen(s):O){coutくぐ形参为const字符指针的构造函数运行中……,并输出S:"«s«"\n";setstring(s);}String::String(constString©):lenth(copy.lenth){cout«”形参为const对象的构造函数运行中……,并输出S:M«copy.sptr«"\n";setstring(copy.sptr);)constString&String::operator=(constString&right){if(&right!=this){delete[]sptr;lenth=right.lenth;setstring(right,sptr);}elsecout<ぐ