c++实验程序参考答案

实验十一类与对象.参照实验案例,定义Date日期类。其数据成员包括年year,月month,日day。定义构造函数、析构函数。构造函数要对初始化数据进行合法性检查。(年份4位数,月份1-12,日期根据年份、月份判断其合法范围)。成员函数有调整日期,显示日期(“****年・・月・・日”)。〃程序设计如下:#include<iostream.h>#include<fstream.h>classDate{intyear,month,day;staticconstintdays[2][13];boolLeapYear();public:Date(int=1900,int=1,int=1);~Date(){};voidSetDate(int,int,int);voidShowDate();};constintDate::days[2][13]={{0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31},{0,31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31));Date::Date(inty,intm,intd){SetDate(y,m,d);)voidDate::SetDate(inty,intm,intd){year=(y>=1900&&y<=9999)?y:1900;month=(m>=l&&m<=12)?m:l;day=(d>=l&&d<=days[LeapYear()][month])?d:1;}voidDate::ShowDate(){coutvvyearv〈"年"vvmonthvv"月"vvdayvv"日"v<endl;}boolDate::LeapYear(){return((year%400=0)ll(year%4==0&&year%100!=0))?true:false;)intmain(){Datedl(l899,13,32)02(20001,4),d3(2004,2,29),d4;dl.ShowDate();d2.ShowDate();d3.ShowDate();d4.ShowDate();d3.SetDate(2011,2,29);d3.ShowDate();return0;).在第1题基础上,为Date类定义日期增减函数Add(int),Reduce(血),其中参数为增减的天数。#include<iostream.h>#include<fstream.h>classDate{intyear,month,day;staticconstintdays[2][13];boolLeapYear();public:Date(int=1900,int=l,int=1);〜Dale(乂};voidSetDate(int,int,int);voidShowDate();voidAdd(int);voidReduce(int);boolEndofMonth();}；constintDate::days[2][13]={{0,31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31},{0,31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31});Date::Date(inty,intm,intd){SetDate(y,m,d);)voidDate::SetDate(inty,intm,intd){year=(y>=1900&&y<=9999)?y:1900;month=(m>=l&&m<=12)?m:l;day=(d>=1&&d<=days[LeapYear()][month])?d:1;}voidDate::ShowDate(){couivvyearvv"年"vvmonthvv”月,,«day«,*Hn«endl;}boolDate::LeapYear(){return((year%400==0)ll(year%4==0&&year%100!=0))?true:false;)boolDate::EndofMonth(){returnday==daysILeapYear()][month];)voidDate::Add(intn){for(inti=0;i<n;i++)if(EndofMonth()&&month==12){year++;month=day=1;)elseif(EndofMonth()){month++;day=1;)elseday++;}voidDate::Reduce(intn){for(inti=0;i<n;i++)if(day==l){if(month==l){year—;month=12;day=31;}elseday=days[LeapYear()][-month];)elseday--;intmain(){Datedl(2009,12,23)42(2007,2,27),d3(2008,2,27),d4(2011,1,4);dl.ShowDate();d2.ShowDate();d3.ShowDate();d4.ShowDate();dl.Add(lO);d2.Add(5);d3.Add(5);d4.Reduce(10);dl.ShowDate();d2.ShowDate();d3.ShowDate();d4.ShowDate();return0;)3.建立一个分数类Fraction。其数据成员包括分子nume和分母deno。成员函数包括构造函数、析构函数。构造函数要对初始化数据进行必要的检查(分母不能为〇)。成员函数包括约分、通分、加、减、乘、除、求倒数、比较大小、显示和数据输入等，显示函数以“a/b”形式显示分数。完成所有成员函数的定义并在主函数中进行检验。程序设计如下:定义ー个Fraction类classFraction)private: 〃这句语句可以省去intnume;intdeno;public:Fraction(inti=l,intn=0){ 〃复制构造函数if(i!=0){nume=i;deno=n;)elsenume=l;deno=0;voidyuefen();FractionaddFraction(Fractiont);FractioncutFraction(Fractiont);FractionchengfaFraction(Fractiont);FractionchufaFraction(Fractiont);voiddaoshu();voidshow();}；c.cpp#include<iostream>#include<cmath>#include',Fraction.h,,usingnamespacestd;voidFraction::yuefen(){intr,i=abs(nume),j=abs(deno);while(j){r=i%j;i=j；j=r；)nume/=i;deno/=i;}voidFraction::addFraction(Fractiont){inti=deno;deno=deno*t.deno;nume=nume*t.deno+t.nume*i;)voidFraction::cutFraction(Fractiont){inti=deno;deno=deno*t.deno;nume=nume*t.deno-t.nume*i;voidFraction::chengfaFraction(Fractiont){deno=deno*t.deno;nume=nume*t.nume;)voidFraction::chufaFraction(Fractiont){deno=deno*t.nume;nume=nume*t.deno;)voidFraction::daoshu(){inti;i=nume;nume=deno;deno=i;)voidFraction::show(){cout«nume«,7,'«deno«endl;main.cpp#include<iostream>#include"Fraction.h,,usingnamespacestd;intmain(){intn,d,ne,de;coutvv"请输入分母n=";cin»n;coutvv"请输入分子d=";cin»d;Fractiont(n,d);cout«nt=H;t.show();coutvv"请输入分母ne二”;cin»ne;coutvv”请输入分子de=";cin»de;Fractioni(ne,de);cout«Mi=K;i.yuefenQ;i.show();coutvぐi+l="；i.addFraction(t);i.yuefen();i.show();i.cutFraction(t);i.yuefen();〃这里的I是已计算过的i.show();i.chengfaFraction(t);cout«ni*t=H;i.yuefen();i.show();cout«"t倒数是"；t.yuefen();t.daoshu();t.show();return0;)实验十二类的复制构造函数1.定义矩形类Rectangle,该类有left、top、right、bottom四个数据成员函数等。在主函数中建立Rectangle对象加以验证。〃定义头文件classRectangle{private:doubletop;doublebottom;doubleleft;doubleright;public:Rectangle(doublei,doublej);Rectangle(Rectangle&);voidshow();,定义矩形类的构造函数、复制构造函数、读写数据成员函数、计算面积doublesize();}；//c.cpp文件#include<iostream>#include"Rectangle.hMusingnamespacestd;Rectangle::Rectangle(doublei,doublej){top=bottom=i;left=right=j;}Rectangle::Rectangle(Rectangle&t){left=right=t.left;top=bottom=t.top;)voidRectangle::show(){coutvv”矩形的边为:"vvendl;cout«',top=,'«top«endl«,,bottom=',«bottom«eindl«,'left=M«left«endl«,'right="«right«endl;doubleRectangle::size(){doubles=top*left;returns;)min.cpp文件#include<iostream>#includeMRectangle.hHusingnamespacestd;intmain(){coutvv”请输入矩形的四条边"vvendl;doublet;double1;cin»t»1;RectangleT(t,l);T.show();RectangleB(T);coutvv”矩形的面积为:"v<T.size()vvendl;return0;.为实验H••ー实验内容第1题的Date类定义复制构造函数。设计fun函数。在主函数中设计相应的语句调用fun函数，理解在调用该函数过程中复制构造函数被3次调用的过程。Datefun(Dated){Dated1=d;dl.add(4);returnd1;)代码部分如下://Date.h文件〃定义一〃定义一个Date类protected:intYear;intMonth;intDay;public:Date(Date&d){Year=d.Year;Month=d.Month;Day=d.Day;)Date(intyear=1000,intmonth=l,intday=l); //Date的构造函数~Date(乂｝; //Date的析构函数voidSetDate(intyeanintmonth,intday); 〃设置时间函数voidShowDate(); 〃显示时间函数intInspectY(intm,intn); 〃判断year是否符合要求intInspectM(intm,intn); 〃判断month是否符合要求intInspectD(intyear,intmonth,intday); 〃判断I!期voidAdd(intn);voidReduce(intn);voidchoice(intn);friendDatefun(Dated);)；//c.cpp文件#include<iostream>#includeMDate.h"usingnamespacestd;inta1u={31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31);inta2[]={31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31);int*p;Date::Date(intyear,intmonth,intday){inta=1000,b=12;Year=InspectY(year,a);Month=InspectM(month,b);Day=InspectD(year,month,day);}voidDate::SelDate(intyear,intmonth,intday){inta=1000,b=12;Year=InspectY(year,a);Month=InspectM(month,b);Day=InspectD(year,month,day);}intDate::InspectM(intm,intn){elsereturnm;intDate:InspectY(intmjntn){if(m<1000)return1000;elsereturnm;)intDate::InspectD(intyear,intmonth,intday){if((year%400==0)ll((year%4==0)&&(year%100!ニ0))){if(month==2){if(day>29llday<=0)return1;elsereturnday;))elseif(month=2){if(day>=29llday<=0)return1;elsereturnday;if(month==4llmonth==6llmonth==9llmonth=11){if(day>30llday<=0)return1;elsereturnday;}else{if(day>3lllday<=0)return1;elsereturnday;}}voidDate::ShowDate()Icout«Year«"^"«Month<<"月"«Day«"0";}voidDate::choice(intn){if((n%400==0)ll((n%4==0)&&(n%100!=0)))P=a2;elsep=al;IvoidDate::Add(intn){choice(Year);n=n+Day-p[Month-1];for(inti=Month;n>0;i++){if(i%12==0){Year++;choice(Year);)n=n-p[i%12];)if(i%12==0)Month=12;elseMonth=i%12;Day=n+p[(i-1)%12];voidDate::Reduce(intn){choice(Year);n=n-Day;Month—;while(n>=0){if(Month==0){Month=12;Year—;choice(Year);)n=n-p[Month-l];Month—;}Month++;Day=-n;}Datefun(Dated){Datedl=d;dl.Add(4);returnd1;}//main.cpp文件#include<iostream>#includenDate.h"usingnamespacestd;intmain(){intyear,month,day,n;coutvv”输入年份Year=M;cin»year;coutvv”输入月份Monthゴ;cin»month;coutvv”输入日期Dayゴ;cin»day;Datedate(year,month,day),datel;date.ShowDate();cout«endl;coutcv”调用fun函数”vvendl;datel=fun(date);dateLShowDate();cout«endl;return0;).定义组合类DateTime,类中的成员有实验十一中的Date类和Time类的成员。定义DateTime的构造函数和复制构造函数。并在主函数中实例化DateTime类的对象。//datetime.h文件classDate{ 〃定义ー个Date类protected:intYear;intMonth;intDay;public:Date(intyear,intmonth,intday); //Date的构造函数〜Date(乂}; //Date的析构函数Date(Date&date);voidShowDale。;〃显示时间函数intInspectY(intm,intn); 〃判断year是否符合要求intInspectM(intm,intn); 〃判断month是否符合要求intInspectD(intyear,intmonth,intday); 〃判断日期friendclassDateTime;)；classTime{intHour;intMinte;intSecond;public:Time(inth,intm,ints);Time(Time&T);intchoicehour(inth);intchoicetime(intm);voidShowTime();friendclassDateTime;);classDateTime{DateD;TimeT;public:DateTime(Dated,Timet):D(d),T(t){}DateTime(DateTime&DT):D(DT.D),T(DT.T){};voidShowDateTime();)；//c.cpp文件#include<iostream>#include,'Datelime.h,'usingnamespacestd;Date::Date(intyear,intmonth,intday){inta=1000,b=12;Year=InspectY(year,a);Month=InspectM(month,b);Day=InspectD(year,month,day);intDate::InspectM(intm,intn){if(m>n)return1;elsereturnm;)intDate::InspectY(intm,intn){if(m<1000)return1000;elsereturnm;}intDate::InspectD(intyear,intmonth,intday){if((year%400==0)ll((year%4==0)&&(year%100!=0))){if(month==2){if(day>29llday<=0)return1;elsereturnday;)elseif(month==2){if(day>=29llday<=0)return1;elsereturnday;)if(month==4llmonth==6llmonth==9llmonth==lif(day>30llday<=0)return1;elsereturnday;)else{if(day>31llday<=0)return1;elsereturnday;})Date::Date(Date&date){Year=date.Year;Month=date.Month;1)(Day=date.Day;)voidDate::ShowDate(){coulvvYearvv“年“vvMonlhvv"月”vvDayvv”日)Time::Time(inth,intm,ints){Hour=choicehour(h);Minte=choicetime(m);Second=choicetime(s);}Time::Time(Time&T){Hour=T.Hour;Minte=T.Minte;Second=T.Second;)intTime::choicehour(inth){if(h<=0llh>24){couivv”输入有误,强制至为「‘vvendl;return1;)elsereturnh;)intTime::choicetime(intm){if(m<0llm>60){coutvv”输入有误,强制至为ド<vendl;return1;}elsereturnm;)voidTime::ShowTime(){cout«Hour«n:"«Minte«H:"«Second«endl;)voidDateTime::ShowDateTime(){D.ShowDate();T.ShowTime();//main.cpp文件#include<iostream>#include,'DateTime.h"usingnamespacestd;intmain(){inty,mn,d,h,m,s;coutvv”请输入年ア;cin»y;coutvv”请输入月:“；cin»mn;coutvv”请输入日:”;cin»d;Dateda(y,mn,d);cout«”输入时间Hourゴ;cin»h;coutvv”输入时间Minte=";cin»m;coulvv”输入时间second=";cin»s;Timet(h,m,s);DateTimeDT(da,t);DT.ShowDateTime();return0;).改写案例2,要求如下:定义和案例2相同的点类Points三角形类Triangle定义如下:classTriangle{public:Triangle(Point,Point,Point);Triangle(Triangle&);doubleGetArea();private:Pointpl,p2,p3;doublearea;完成Triangle类的成员函数的定义,并在主函数中定义3个Point对象,〃定义一个point类和Triangle类classPoint{protected:intX,Y;public:Point(intx=0,inty=0){X=x;Y=y;)Point(Point&P){X=P.X;Y=P.Y;)friendclassTriangle;voidShowpoint();)；classTriangle{1个Triangle对象,计算三角形的面枳。public:Triangle(Point,Point,Point);Triangle(Triangle&);doubleGetArea();doublele(Pointa,Pointb);private:Pointpl,p2,p3;doublearea;}；//c.cpp文件#include<iostream>#include"point.h"#include<cmath>usingnamespacestd;voidPoint::Showpoint()(cout«M(n«X«,'.H«Y«,,),,«endl;}Triangle::Triangle(Pointa,Pointb,Pointc):p1(a),p2(b),p3(c){double11,12,13;doubleav;ll=le(pl,p2);12=le(p2,p3);13=le(pl,p3);av=(l1+12+13)/2.0;area=sqrt(av*(av-l1)*(av-12)*(av-13));)Triangle::Triangle(Triangle&t):p1(t.p1),p2(t.p2),p3(t.p3){double11,12,13;doubleav;H=le(pl,p2);12=le(p2,p3);13=le(pl,p3);av=(l1+12+13)/2.0;area=sqrt(av*(av-l1)*(av-12)*(av-13));}doubleTriangle::le(Pointa,Pointb){doubledeltx=abs(a.X-b.X);doubledelty=abs(a.Y-b.Y);doublelength=sqrt(deltx*deltx+delty*delty);returnlength;)doubleTriangle::GetArea(){returnarea;)#include<iostream>#include,'point.hnusingnamespacestd;//main.cpp文件intmain(){inta,b,c,d,e,f;coutvv”请输入六个整数"vvendl;cin»a»b»c»d»e»f;PointpeI(a,b),pe2(c,d),pe3(e,f),pe4(pe3);TriangleT(pel,pe2,pe3),Tl(peI,pe2,pe4);coutvv”三角形T的面积为:"«T.GetArea();cout«endl;coutv〈”三角形T1的面积为:"vvTl.GetArea。;cout«endl;return0;}・实验十三类的深复制.为实验案例中的A类定义赋值运算符的重载函数,完成对象的赋值运算。程序设计如下:〃这里的赋值是发生在调用fun函数时#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classA{int*p;public:A(intn){inti二n;p=newint(i);)A(A&ra){p=newint(*ra.p);}〜A(){deletep;}intGetValue(){return*p;}A&operator=(A&ra){if(ra.p)p=ra.p;elsep二NULL;return*this;))；intfun(Aoa){returnoa.GetValue();//new函数用于动态申请空间,并初始化〃复制构造函数完成对象的深复制〃析构函数用于释放内存空间〃赋值运算符“ゴ’的重载voidmain（）{inti;coutくく”请输入一•个整数1=";cin>>i;Aa（i）;cout«fun（a）<<endl;）.设计ー个学生类（Student）。数据成员包括:身份证号（Id）,姓名（Name）,性别（Gender）,生日（Birthday）和家庭住址（pHA）。考虑到表示每个学生家庭住址的字符长度不一，所以pHA为指向学生家庭住址的字符型指针，家庭住址的内存由new运算动态申请。要求编写:构造函数、完成深复制的复制构造函数、释放动态内存的析构函数、以及学生数据输入和显示函数。在主函数中建立Student类对象并调用成员函数。程序设计如下：〃这部分是在ー个cpp文件里完成,当然也可以分成一个头文件,和两个cpp文件#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classstudent〃定义私有成员char*pld;char*pName;char*pGender;char*pBirthday;char*pPHA;〃定义私有成员public:〃定义公有成员public:student();〃定义无参构造函数相当于默认的构造函数student(char*pname,char*pid,char*pgender,char*pbirthday,char*ppHA);〃定义含参构造函数〃定义复制构造函数〃定义析构函数〃定义复制构造函数〃定义析构函数〃重载”ゴ运算符-student();student&operator=(student&s);voidshowstudent();｝；student::student()(〃初始化全赋值为空pName=NULL;〃初始化全赋值为空pId=NULL;pGender=NULL;pBirthday=NULL;pPHA二NULL;)student::student(char*pname,char*pid,char*pgender,char*pbirthday,char*ppHA)if(pName=newcharlstrlen(pname)+1J)strcpy(pName,pname);if(pld=newchar[strlen(pid)+l])strcpy(pld,pid);if(pGender=newchar[strlen(pgender)+1])strcpy(pGender,pgender);if(pBirthday=newchar[strlen(pbirthday)+1])strcpy(pBirthday,pbirthday);if(pPHA=newchar[strlen(ppHA)+1])strcpy(pPHA,ppHA);)student::-student(){if(pName)pName[O]='\O';delete[]pName;if(pld)pId[O]=\O,;deletef]pld;〃利用new函数动态申请空间〃利用delete函数释放内存空间if(pGender)pGender[O]=AO';delete[]pGender;if(pBirthday)pBirthday[〇]='\〇';delete[]pBirthday;if(pPHA)pPHA⑼=ヘ〇’;delete[]pPHA;)student::student(student&s)(if(s.pName){if(pName=newchar[strlen(s.pName)+l])strcpy(pName,s.pName);)elsepName=NULL;if(s.pld){if(pld=newchar[strlen(s.pld)+l])strcpy(pld,s.pld);)elsepId=NULL;if(s.pGender){if(pGender=newchar[strlen(s.pGender)+1])strcpy(pGender,s.pGender);}elsepGender=NULL;if(s.pBirthday){if(pBirthday=newchar[strlen(s.pBirthday)+1])strcpy(pBirthday,s.pBirthday);}elsepBirthday=NULL;if(s.pPHA){if(pPHA=newchar[strlen(s.pPHA)+1J)strcpy(pPHA,s.pPHA);)elsepPHA=NULL;)student&student::operator=(student&s){deletef]pName;if(s.pName){if(pName=newchar[strlen(s.pName)+1])strcpy(pName,s.pName);}elsepName=NULL;deletedpld;if(s.pld){if(pld=newchar[strlen(s.pld)+l])strcpy(pld,s.pld);)elsepId=NULL;delete[]pGender;if(s.pGender){if(pGender=newchar[strlen(s.pGender)+l])strcpy(pGender,s.pGender);}elsepGender=NULL;deletedpBirthday;if(s.pBirthday){if(pBirthday=newchar[strlen(s.pBirthday)+1])strcpy(pBirthday,s.pBirthday);}elsepBirthday=NULL;deletedpPHA;if(s.pPHA){if(pPHA=newchar[strlen(s.pPHA)+1])strcpy(pPHA,s.pPHA);)elsepPHA=NULL;return*this;Ivoidstudent::showstudent(){cout«pName«\t'«pId«,\t,«pGender«V«pBirthday«V,«pPHA«endl;)intmain() 〃主函数(studentsi(“张三”,”09080ド,“男”,”90.11.0ド,“南京市”)；sl.showstudent();students2(”李四”,”090802”，”女”,”90.12.0ド,”常州市”),s3;s2.showstudent();cout«“"«endl;students4=s1;s4.showstudent();s3=s2;s3.showstudent();cout«endl;return0;)实验十四友元I.将实验十二实验内容第1题Rectangle类中计算面积的函数定义为友元函数,程序设计如下:#include<iostream>usingnamespacestd;classRectangle{ 〃定义Rectangle类private:doubletop;doublebottom;doubleleft;doubleright;public:并在主函数中调用该友元函数计算Rectangle对象的面枳。Rectangle(doublei,doublej);Rectangle(Rectangle&);voidshow();frienddoublesize(Rectangle&); 〃定义完成面积计算的友元函数}；Rectangle::Rectangle(doublei,doublej){top=bottom=i;left=right=j;}Rectangle::Rectangle(Rectangle&t){left=right=t.left;top=bottom=tlop;)voidRectangle::show(){cout<v”矩形的边为:“vvendl;cout«ntop=n«top«endl«"bottom=n«bottom«endl«,'left=',«left«endl«,'right=n«right«endl:doublesize(Rectangle&r){doubles=r.top*r.left;returns;)intmain(){coutvv”请输入矩形的两组对边值:“vvendl;doublet;double1;cin»t»l;RectangleT(t,l);T.show();coutvv”矩形的面积为:“vvsize(T)vvendl; 〃调用友元函数return0;)2.参考案例2,定义Time类的友元类DiffTime。其中DiffTime类有一个成员函数Time_DiffTime(Time&,start,Time&end)»计算两个Time对象的时间差。程序设计如下:#include<iostream>

usingnamespacestd;classTime{private:intHounMinute,Second;public:Time();Time(intNewH,intNewM,intNewS);voidSetTime(int,int,int);voidShowTime();〜Time(乂};friendclassDiffTime;}；Time::Time(){SetTime(0,0,0);}Time::Time(intNewH,intNewM,intNewS){SetTime(NewH,NewM,NewS);〃时间类的定义〃时间类的定义〃私有数据成员〃外部接口,公有成员函数〃默认构造函数〃构造函数〃设置时间的函数〃显示时间的函数〃析构函数〃定义Time类的友元类DiffTime类Hour=NewH<0IINewH>23?0:NewH;Minute=NewM<0IINewM>59?0:NewM;Second=NewS<0IINewS>59?0:NewS;}voidTime::ShowTime(){cout«Hour«n:n«Minute«n:n«Second«endl;}classDiffTime{ //Time友元类DifiTime的定义public:TimeTime_DiffTime(Time&start,Time&end); 〃完成时间差的计算}；TimeDiffTime::Time_Diffnme(Time&start,Time&end){intth,tm,ts;intcarry=0;Timett;(ts=end.Second-start.Second)>0?carry=0:ts+=60,carry=l;(tm=end.Minute-start.Minute-carry)>O?carry=O:tm+=60,carry=l;(th=end.Hour-start.Hour-60-carry)>0?carry=0:th+=24;tt.SetTime(th,tm,ts);returntt;voidmain(){Timetl(8,10,10)42(3,20,4)；tl.ShowTime();t2.ShowTime();Timet; 〃该变量用于表示t!和t2的时间差DiffTimet3;t=t3.Time_DiffTime(tl,t2);t.ShowTime();・实验十五函数模板与类模板1.编写ー个求绝对值的函数模板,并在主函数中用int、double等类型的数据测试。程序代码如下:#include<iostream>#include<cmath>usingnamespacestd;template<typenameT>Tmas(Tn){returnfabs(n);}intmain(){inta;doubleb;coutvv”输入ー个整数a二”；cin»a;coutvv”输入ー个数b=M;cin»b;cout«Hlal=u«mas<int>(a)«endl;cout«"lbl=n«mas<double>(b)«endl;return0;〃是fabs的头文件//fabs是求浮点型的整数的函数3.设计ー个函数模板sort(),完成对数组Ta[n]的排序。程序代码如下:#include<iostream>#include<iomanip>usingnamespacestd;template<typenameT>voidsort(Ta[],intn){Ttemp;intij;for(i=0;i<n-l;i++)for(j=0;j<n-i-1;j++)if(a|j]>aU+l]){temp=a[j];a[jj=a[j+l];a[j+l]=temp;})intmain(){intn;〃定义一个函数模板〃采用冒泡排序coutvv”输入数组长度n=";cin»n;int*p=newint[n];for(inti=0;i<n;i++){coutvv”请输入第"vvi+kv”个数a[,,«i«,']=M;cin»p[i];}sort<int>(p,n);for(i=0;i<n;i++){cout«setw(5)«p[i]«setw(5);if((i+1)%4==0)cout«endl; 〃保证每行输出4个元素)return0;)*3.模仿案例2,编写ー个通用的数组类模板Array,该类模板包含有构造函数完成数组元素的初始化。排序函数完成元素的排序。输出函数显示排序结果。在主函数中将Array实例化成int、double、char等对象。程序代码如下:#include<iostream>//#include<cassert>#include<iomanip>#include<string>usingnamespacestd;template<typenameT,intn>classArray{ 〃定义ー个函数模板private:intsize;T*element;public:Array(T*A);〜Array。; 〃要注意重复释放地址的有关问题Array(Array&Ary); 〃得注意深复制方面的问题voidsort。;voidshow。;}；template<typenameT,intn>Array<T,n>::Array(T*A=NULL){if(n>l)size=n;elsesize=l;element=newT[sizeJ;for(inti=O;i<size;i++)element[i]=A[i];Itemplate<typenameT,intn>Array<T,n>::-Array(){deletedelement;}template<typenameT,intn>Array<T,n>::Array(Array&Ary){size=Ary.size;element=newT[size];for(inti=O;i<size;i++)element[i]=Ary.element[i];}template<typenameT,intn>voidArray<T,n>::sort(){Ttemp;inti,j;for(i=0;i<n-l;i++)for(j=0;j<n-i-l;j++)if(element[j]>element[j+1]){temp=element[j];element[j]=element[j4-1];element[j+lJ=temp;)}template<typenameT,intn>voidArray<T,n>::show()(for(inti=O;i<n;i++){cout«setw(5)«element[i]«setw(5);if((i+l)%5==0)cout«endl;)}intmain(){coutvv”输入数组长度c=8H«endl;intc=8;intp[8];for(inti=0;i<c;i++){couivv”请输入第”vci+kv”个整数a[H«i«"]=n;cin»p[i];)coutvv”排好序的数组如下”<<endl;Array<int,8>intAry(p);intAry.sort();intAry.show();cout«endl;doubled[8J;for(i=0;i<c;i++){coutvv”请输入第”vvi+l<v”个数d[,,«i«"]=n；cin»d[i];)coutvv”排好序的数组如下”vvendl;Array<double,8>douAry(d);douAry.sort();douAry.show();cout«endl;charch网;for(i=0;i<c;i++){coutvv”请输入第"vvi+kv”个字符ch[M«i«n]=M;cin»ch[i];)coutvv”排好序的数组如下"vvendl;Array<char,8>charAry(ch);charAry.sort();charAry.show();cout«endl;return0;实验十六继承与派生1.首先,定义图形基类Shape,在类中有保护数据成员:长度length和宽度width,构造函数完成数据成员的初始化。其次由Shape类公有派生出矩形类Rectangle和三角形类Triangle,每个派生类都有一个计算面积函数Area。,分别计算矩形和三角形的面积。最后在主函数中加以测试。〃程序设计如下:#include<iostream>#include<cmath>constdoublepi=3.14159;〃定义常变量usingnamespacestd;classShape〃定义ー个抽象类Sh叩e{public:virtualdoubleArea()const=0;Shape(){length=O;width=0;}protected:doublelength,width;)；classRectangle:publicShape〃通过抽象类派生出•个矩形累public:Rectangle(double1=0,doublew=O):length(l),width(w){}〃构造函数doubleArea()const; 〃计算矩形的面积private:doublelength,widthJ 〃私有数据成员,长,宽)；doubleRectangle::Area()const 〃计算矩形的面积(returnlength*width;)classTriangle:publicShape〃定义ー个三角形{public:Triangle(doublea=0,doubleb=0,doublec=0):sl(a),s2(b),s3(c){)〃构造函数doubleArea()const;private:doublesl,s2,s3; 〃私有数据成员,三边长｝；doubleTriangle::Area()const 〃计算三角形的面积if((sl+s2)<=s3II(sl+s3)<=s2II(s2+s3)<=sl)return0;doubles=(sl+s2+s3)/2;returnsqrt(s*(s-sI)*(s-s2)*(s-s3));)voidprintArea(constShape&s)〃图形面积显示函数{coutvv”面积为:“vvs.Area。vvendl;)intmain()(Rectangler(5,10);Trianglet(5,6,7);coutcv"矩形"；〃显示矩形的面积printArea(r);coutvv"三角形〃显示三角形的面积printArea(t);〃如果不能构成三角形return0;.将实验ー|——中实验案例的Time类派生出ZoneTime类,ZoneTime类增加一个表示时区的数据成员zone»编写ZoneTime类的构造,复制构造,显示日期、时间、时区等函数。程序设计如下:#include<iostream>#include<cstring>usingnamespacestd;classZoneTime:publicTime{intZone;intYear,Month,Day,Hour,Minute,Second;public:ZoneTime();ZoneTime(ZoneTime&);voidSetTime(intNewY,intNewMon,intNewD,intNewH,intNewMin,intNewS,intNewZ);voidShowTime();ZoneTime::ZoneTime(){Year=Hour=Minute=Second=0;Month=Day=1;ZoneTime::ZoneTime(ZoneTime&s){Zone=s.Zone;Year=s.Year;Month=s.Month;Day=s.Day;Hour=s.Hour;Minute=s.Minute;Second=s.Second;}voidZoneTime::SetTime(intNewY,intNewMonJntNewDJntNewH,intNcZone=NewZ<0IINewZ>24?0:NewZ;Month=NewMon<1IINewMon>12?0:NewMon;Day=NewD<0IINewD>31?0:NewD;Hour=NewH<0IINewH>23?0:NewH;Minute=NewMin<0IINewMin>59?0:NewMin;Second=NewS<0IINewS>59?0:NewS;iwMinJntNewSjntNewZ){voidZoneTime::ShowTime(){SetTime(intNewYjntNewMon,intNewDjntNewHJntNewMin,intNewS,intNewZ);cout«Year«,,-,,«Month«,,-,,«Day«,\t,«Hour«,,:,,«Minute«,,:,,«Second«,\t,«,,0tK^J：,,«Zone«,\n,;)voidmain(){ZoneTimemyTime;cout«,'Firsttimesetandoutput:M«endl;myTime.ShowTimeO;cout«HSecondtimesetandoutput:u«endl;myTime.SetTime(2010,12,25,10,15,20,8);myTime.ShowTimeO;cout«nThirdtimesetandoutput:"vvendl;ZoneTimemyTimel(myTime);myTime1.ShowTime();.定义一个人员基类Person,其数据成员有姓名、性别、身份证号等基本信息,函数成员包括构造函数、析构函数,用于初始化数据成员和释放动态申请的内存,输出基本信息的函数Perinfo()。从Person类公有派生出Student类,增加数据成员No保存学号、Profe保存专、ル。构造函数初始化基类和自身的数据。输出基本信息函数Stuinfo输出Student类和Person类的数据。程序代码如下:〃定义一个类作为头文件,person.h#defineMas19 〃宏替换#defineN9classperson{ 〃定义ー个person类protected:char*name; 〃注意深复制问题,这chargender;charID[Mas];public:person(char*p,charg,chard[]);person(person&p);-person。{

if(name!=NULL)deletedname;)voidperinfo();〃用person〃用person类派生一个student类classstudent:publicperson｛private:charNo[N];char*profe;public:student(personpl,charno[],char*pro);student(student&st);〜student。｛if(profe!=NULL)deletedprofe;)voidstuinfo。;）；//c.cpp文件#include<iostream>#include<string>#include,,Person.h,,usingnamespacestd;person::person(char*p,charg,chard[]){if(p!=NULL)if(name=newchar[strlen(p)+l])strcpy(name,p);elsename=NULL;gender=g;strcpy(ID,d);)person::person(person&p){if(!=NULL)if(name=newchar[strlen()+l])strcpy(name,);elsename=NULL;〃深复制〃strlen()求字符数组长度gender=p.gender;strcpy(ID,p.ID);voidperson::perinfo(){coutvぐ姓名:“vvnamevvendkv”性别:“vvgendervvendkv”身份证号:“vvIDvvendl;)student::student(personpl,charno[],char*pro):person(p1){strcpy(No,no);if(pro!=NULL)if(profe=newchar[strlen(pro)+1])strcpy(profe,pro);elseprofe=NULL;)student::student(student&st):person(st){strcpy(No,st.No);if(fe!=NULL)if(profe=newchar[strlen(fe)+1])strcpy(profe,fe);elseprofe=NULL;)voidstudent::stuinfo(){coutvv"学号:"vvNovvendl;perinfo();coutvv”专业:n«profe«endl;}//main.cpp文件#include<iostream>#include<string>#include,,Person.h,,usingnamespacestd;intmain(){charno[N];coutvv”请输入学号:";cin»no;char*p,na[19J;COUIVV”请输入姓名:"；cin»na;p=na;charg;coutvv”请输入性别cin»g;chard[Mas];coutvc”请输入身份证号:";cin»d;char*pro,zy[9];coutcv”请输入专业:”cin»zy;pro=zy;personpl(p,g,d);pl.perinfo();studentst(pl,no,pro);st.stuinfo();return0;・实验十七多继承与虚基类.实验十二中实验内容第3题类DateTime由Date类和Time类组合而成。现在要求重新定义DateTime类,该类由Date类和Time类公有派生而来。从而理解ー个类由其它类组合而成（hasa关系）和继承其他类（isa关系）的区别。程序代码如下:〃定义一个头文件DateTime.hclassDate{ 〃定义ー个Date类protected:intYear;intMonth;intDay;public:Date（intyear,intmonth,intday）; //Date的构造函数〜Date。{}; //Date的析构函数Date(Date&date);voidShowDate。;〃显示时间函数intInspectY(intm,intn); 〃判断year是否符合要求intlnspectM(intm,intn); 〃判断month是否符合要求intInspectD(intyear,intmonth,intday); 〃判断日期}；classTime{intHour;intMinte;intSecond;public:Time(inth,intm,ints);Time(Time&T);intchoicehour(inth);intchoicetime(intm);voidShowTime();}；classDateTime:publicDate,publicTime{public:DateTime(Dated,Timet):Date(d),Time(t){}DateTime(DateTime&DT):Date(DT),Time(DT){}voidShowDateTime();)；//c.cpp文件如F：#include<iostream>#include,'DateTime.hHusingnamespacestd;Date::Date(intyear,intmonth,intday){inta=1000,b=12;Year=InspectY(year,a);Month=InspectM(month,b);Day=InspectD(year,month,day);}intDate::InspectM(intm,intn){if(m>n)return1;elsereturnm;intDate::InspectY(intm,intn){if(m<1000)return1000;elsereturnm;)intDate::InspectD(intyear,intmonth,intday){if((year%400==0)ll((year%4==0)&&(year%100!=0))){if(month==2){if(day>29llday<=0)return1;elsereturnday;))elseif(month==2){if(day>=29llday<=0)return1;elsereturndayif(month==4llmonth==6llmonth==9llmonth==l1){if(day>30llday<=0)return1;elsereturnday;)else{if(day>31llday<=0)return1;elsereturnday;)}Date::Date(Date&date){Year=date.Year;Month=date.Month;Day=date.Day;}voidDate::ShowDate()coutvvYearvv“年“vvMonthvv"月"vvDayvv”日”;Time::Time(inth,intmjnts){Hour=choicehour(h);Minte=choicetime(m);Second=choicetime(s);)Time::Time(Time&T){Hour=T.Hour;Minte=T.Minte;Second=T.Second;}intTime::choicehour(inth){if(h<=0llh>24){coutvv”输入有误,强制至为ドvvendl;return1;elsereturnh;intTime::choicetime(intm){if(m<0llm>60){coutvぐ输入有误,强制至为ドvvendl;return1;)elsereturnm;)voidTime::ShowTime(){cout<<Hour«',:',«Minte«M:,,«Second«endl;}voidDateTime::ShowDateTime(){ShowDate();ShowTime();}//main.cpp文件#include<iostream>#include,fDateTime.h',usingnamespacestd;intmain(){inty,mn,d,h,m,s;cout«”请输入年:";cin»y;cout<<”请输入月:“；cin»mn;coul<<”请输入日:”；cin»d;Dateda(y,mn,d);cout«”输入时间Hour="；cin»h;cout«”输入时间Minte=M;cin»m;coutvv”输入时间secondゴ;cin»s;DateTimeDT(da,t);DT.ShowDateTime();return0;).使用实验十六实验内容第3题的Person类,将其分别公有派生出专家类Technician和市长类Mayor。其中Technician类增加成员有技术专长，Mayor类增加工作城市。再由Technician类和Mayor类共同公有派生出专家市长类Tech_Mayor。为所有类定义构造、析构函数。在主函数中创建Tech_Mayor类对象,通过该对象访问Person类中的成员。程序代码如下:〃定义一个头文件Person.h#defineMas19 〃宏替换classperson{ 〃疋义ー个person类protected:char*name; 〃注意深复制问题,这chargender;charID[Mas];public:person(char*p,charg,chard[]);person(person&p);〜person(乂//delete动态生成的空间,防止空间泄露if(name!=NULL)deletef]name;)voidperinfo();｝；classTechnician:publicperson｛protected:char*jishu;public:Technician(personp,char*js);Technician(Technician&Te);〃跟上面的name一样注意深复制上的,空间泄露问题〜〃跟上面的name一样注意深复制上的,空间泄露问题if(jishu!=NULL)delete[]jishu;voidshowTechnician。;｝；classMayor:publicperson{protected:char*city;public:Mayor(personp,char*ct);Mayor(Mayor&ma);〜Mayor。{if(city!=NULL)delete[Jcity;)voidshowMayor。;};classTech_Mayor:publicMayor,publicTechnician(public:Tech_Mayor(Mayorma,Techniciante):Mayor(ma),Technician(te){)Tech_Mayor(Tech_Mayor&T_M);-Tech_Mayor(){}voidshowTech_Mayor();};//c.cpp文件#include<iostream>#include<string>#include"Person.hnusingnamespacestd;person::person(char*p,charg,chard[]){if(p!=NULL)if(name=newchar[strlen(p)+l])strcpy(name,p);elsename=NULL;gender=g;strcpy(ID,d);)person::person(person&p){if(!=NULL)if(name=newchar[strlen()+l])strcpy(name,);〃深复制〃strlen()求字符数组长度〃重新动态生成一个name空间,防止空间的二次释放elsename=NULL;gender=p.gender;strcpy(ID,p.ID);Ivoidperson::perinfb(){coutvv”姓名:“vvnamevvendkv”性另リ:“vvgendervvendlvv”身份证号:“vvIDvvendl;)Technician::Technician(personp,char*js):person(p){if(js!=NULL)if(jishu=newchar[strlen(js)+l])strcpy