2022届中职高考英语二轮复习语法专题4：特殊句式讲义

2021-2022中职高考英语二轮复习语法专题4：特殊句式（解析版）中职高考中对于特殊句式的考察主要包括感叹句、祈使句、反义疑问句、强调句、倒装句、省略句、主谓一致等。感叹句感叹句常表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、气愤等情绪.感叹句常有以下几种情形：一、基本构成形式1．what式感叹句(1)What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如：Whatawonderfultimewehadyesterday!昨天我们玩得多开心呀!(2)What+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!如：Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多美的花儿啊!(3)What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语!如：Whatfineweatheritis!多好的天气啊!2．how式感叹句(1)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!如：Howcleversheis!她多么聪明呀!(2)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!如：Howstrangeafeelingitwas!多么奇怪的一种感情啊!例题：1.____________rolesheplayedinthefilm!NowondershehaswonanOscar.A.HowinterestingB.HowaninterestingC.WhatinterestingD.Whataninteresting解析：D可以先转化成陈述句“Sheplayedaninterestingroleinthefilm.”,aninterestingrole前置，所以用what来引导感叹句。祈使句祈使句用来表达说话人的请求、命令、建议、劝告等.谓语动词用动词原形.其主语是you，往往省略.常见的祈使句句型如下：一、肯定式1．动词原形….如：Laydownyourarms!放下武器!2．Do+动词原形…(此句型表示强调).如：Dotellheraboutit．务必将此事告诉她.3．主语+动词原形….如：Tom,yougoandseewhat’shappening．汤姆，去看看发生什么事情了.二、否定式Don’t或Never+动词原形．．．.如：Nevergooutaloneatnight!不要在夜晚单独出去！三、特殊句式祈使句+and/or+陈述句(and表示顺承关系，or表示转折关系).如：①Useyourhead,andyou’11findagoodway.(=Ifyouuseyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.)动动脑筋，你会找到一种好办法的.②Hurryup,orwe'llbelate.(=Ifwedon’thurryup,we’llbelate.)快点，不然我们就迟到了.Tips:祈使句很简单，动词原形来开头；加上don't或never否定形式成；例题：1._____________onthetelevisionor______________amagazine,andthenyouwilloftenseealotofadvertisements.A.Turning;openB.Turn;openingC.Turn;openD.Turning;opening解析：C祈使句，动词原形开头。反义疑问句一、基本结构如陈述部分为肯定形式，简短问句为否定形式；如陈述部分为否定形式，简短问句为肯定形式.如：Itisafineday,isn’tit?今天是个好天气，不是吗?1.祈使句的反意疑问句祈使句后面的附加问句不表示反意，而表示一种语气.其结构为1）肯定的祈使句，+willyou/won’tyou2）否定的祈使句，+willyou如：Havealittlemorecoffee．willyou/won’tyou?再来点咖啡，好吗?含有let的祈使句(1)Let’s...,+shallwe?(表示建议)(2)Letus...,+willyou?(表示请求)(3)Let+第三人称...,+willyou?如：Let'sgooutforawalk,shallwe?我们出去散步，好吗?Letusgohomenow,willyou?现在，（您）让我们回家，好吗？2.陈述部分如含有否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句陈述部分如含有”never/hardly/scarcely/seldom/little/few/nobody/nothing…”等否定词或半否定词时，这部分应视为否定形式，简短问句就用肯定形式.如：Hewashardlytwelvethen,washe?他当时几乎不到十二岁，是吗?3.陈述部分含有带”否定”前缀的词的反意疑问句陈述部分含有带”否定”前缀的词，则这部分应看作肯定形式，简短问句就用否定形式.如：Shedislikesthewayyouwork,doesn’tshe?她不喜欢你的工作方式，对吗?当主语为anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody时，疑问部分的主语用they;主语为something,everything,anything,nothing时，疑问部分的主语用it。例题：1.Showcheerfulnessevenwhenyoudon’tfeelit,______________?A.willyouB.doyouC.mayyouD.can’tyou解析：A.考查反意疑问句.反意疑问句要与主句的主语保持一致，而本句的主句是祈使句，所以用“willyou”.句中的“evenwhenyoudon’tfeelit”是时间状语从句.2.Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom,______________?A.willyouB.canyouC.doyouD.areyouOK解析：A，考查反意疑问句.反意疑问句要与主句的主语保持一致，而本句的主句是祈使句，所以用“willyou”.强调句强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式.一、强调句句型1、陈述句的强调句型：Itis/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语只指人）+其它部分.如： ItwasyesterdaythathemetLiPing.2.一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/was提到it前面.如： WasityesterdaythathemetLiPing?3.特殊疑问句的强调句型被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+is/was+it+that/who+其它部分？如： Whenandwherewasitthatyouwereborn?4.强调句例句：针对ImetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.句子进行强调. 强调主语：ItwasIthat(who)metLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday. 强调宾语：ItwasLiMingthatImetattherailwaystationyesterday. 强调地点状语：ItwasattherailwaystationthatImetLiMingyesterday. 强调时间状语：ItwasyesterdaythatImetLiMingattherailwaystation.Notice:构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that,who，在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that,who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时.原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用Itwas…，其余的时态用Itis….二、not…until…句型的强调句1.句型为：Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其它部分.如： 普通句：Hedidn’tgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback. 强调句：Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.2.注意：此句型只用until，不用till.但如果不是强调句型，till,until可通用；因为句型中Itis/wasnot…已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了.三、谓语动词的强调 Itis/was…that…结构不能强调谓语，如果需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/does或did.如： Dositdown.务必请坐. Hedidwritetoyoulastweek.上周他确实给你写了信. Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！Notice:此种强调只用do/does和did，没有别的形式；过去时用did，后面的谓语动词用原形.例题：1.—_________hemanagedtogettheinformation?—Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.A.Wherewasitthat

B.WhatwasitthatC.Howwasitthat

D.Whywasitthat解析：C，他是如何设法得到信息的，问的是方式方法，用How引导，特殊疑问句的强调句型。2.Is_________48hours_________theman-madesatellitetoorbitaroundtheplanet?A.it;thatB.it;whenC.itfor;thatittakesD.it;thatittakes解析：D改成陈述句“Ittakestheman-madesatellite48hourstoorbitaroundtheplanet”此处强调48hours倒装句完全倒装完全倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前.Therebe/seem/appear/come/lie/live/stand+主语Here/There/Out/In/Up/Down等+谓语（不及物动词）+主语（名词）地点状语（位于句首）+谓语（不及物动词）+主语（名词）Notice:注意完全倒装,主语必须是名词.如是代词,则不倒装.部分倒装“only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句”开头的句子.如:OnlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofEnglish.直到那时我才意识到英语的重要性.OnlyinthiswaycanyoumakeprogressinyourEnglish.只有通过这种方式你学英语才会取得进步.Notice:(1)在only＋状语从句＋主句结构中,主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序.(2)only修饰主语,不倒装.如:OnlyTomknowstheanswer.只有汤姆知道答案.例题： Onlyinthisway________tomakeimprovementintheoperatingsystem.

A.youcanhope B.youdidhope

C.canyouhope D.didyouhope解析：C部分倒装2.否定词（短语）开头的句子要用部分倒装.表示否定的副词never,nor,neither,表示半否定意义的副词hardly,few,seldom,little,含有no和not的词组bynomeans（决不）,innotime（很快）,atnotime（在任何时候都不）,（在任何情况下都不）notuntil,notonly...butalso,nosooner...than＝hardly...when/scarcely...when.即“否定词＋助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他”.如:NeverhaveIbeeninthiscity.我从没到过这座城市.Little/SeldomdoIwatchTV.我很少看电视.NotuntilIbegantoworkdidIrealizehowmuchtimeIhadwasted.直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间.Notice:(1)关联词的搭配.(2)前一分句倒装,后一分句不倒装.例题：IfinallygottheworkIdreamedabout.Neverinallmylife________sohappy!

A.didIfeel B.Ifelt C.Ihadfelt D.hadIfelt解析：D，never表示否定意义的副词置于句首，部分倒装，该句时态过去完成时，表示过去的过去。2.NotuntilIbegantowork________howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn'tIrealize B.didIrealize C.Ididn'trealize D.Irealized解析：B，notuntil置于句首，部分倒装。3.以so开头,用“so＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物,意为“也,同样,也如此”.表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物,用“neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/系动词＋主语”.Societyhaschangedandsohavethepeopleinit.社会变了,人也变了.Notice:(1)当so表示对前句内容的肯定、符合,或进一步强调前面所说的情况,或者赞同前面的说法时,应用自然语序.意为“的确,正是”.—Tomworkshard.汤姆工作很卖力.—Sohedoesandsodoyou.的确如此,你也是.(2)倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致.Ifyoudon’tgo,neither/norshallI.（Ifyoudon’tgo,Ishallnotgo.）你不去,我也不去.Notice:表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物,或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：Itisthesamewithsth./sb.或Soitiswithsth./sb.句型.ShedoeswellinEnglish,butispoorinmath.SoitiswithLucy.她英语学得好,但数学学的差,露茜也是如此.例题：-Idon'tthinkIcanwalkanyfurther. -________,let'sstophereforarest.

A.NeitherandI B.NeithercanI C.Idon'tthinkso D.Ithinkso解析：B表示我也不会，部分倒装。4. 在so...that从句中,如果so＋adj./adv.放在句首,其主句要倒装. Soloudlydidhespeakthateveryonecouldhearhim. 他讲话声音足够大,以至于每个人都能听得见. 例题： Sodifficult________ittoliveinanEnglish-speakingcountrythatIwasdeterminedtolearnEnglishwell.

A.I'vefelt B.haveIfelt C.Ididfeel D.didIfeel解析：D5.如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were,should,were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装.Ifithadn’tbeenfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.＝Hadn’titbeenfortheirhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkontime.要不是由于他们的帮助,我们不可能按时完成那项工作.例题： ________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittoYangpuBridge.

A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will解析：B省略句省略是为了使句子更简洁，同时又不影响句子意义的表达.因此，省略的部分常常可以从句子结构本身或句子所处的语境中可以明确领会其成分，我们主要来看一下省略在句子中的运用.一．

并列句中的省略并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略掉，以避免重复.通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、谓语动词、宾语或其它成分，或句子成分的一部分.省略出现在后一分句.如：

Johnlikescollectingstampsbut(John)hateslisteningtomusic.约翰喜欢集邮但不喜欢听音乐.（省略主语）

Notice:为了避免重复，不定式可以省去与句子前面重复的动词原形，但不定式符号to必须保留.

—Willyoujoininthegame?你愿意参加这项活动吗？

—I'dbegladto(joininthegame).我很乐意参加.省略出现在前一分句.如：

Wecan(wintomorrow'smatch),andcertainlywill,wintomorrow'smatch.我们能够，而且一定会在明天的比赛中获胜.（前一分句省略谓语+宾语）

3．前后两个分句都出现省略.如：

Theycan(paythefullfee)and(they)shouldpaythefullfee.他们能够也应该支付全部费用.二．复合句中的省略

在主从复合句中，省略的现象是很普遍的.1．省略主句的句首部分.如：

(Isthere)Nothingmoreyouwanttosay你没什么要补充吗？2．省略整个主句或主句的一部分（回答问题时常用）.如：

—Willyougoabroadsoon你很快要出国吗？

—

(I'll)Not(goabroad)untilIgraduatefromthecollegenextsummer.要到明年夏天大学毕业后才走.在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词是be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是it，常常可以把从句中的主语和be省略掉.

1)以when,while,once,until等连词引导的时间状语从句

When(youare)inRomedoasRomedoes.入国问禁，入乡随俗.

Notice:由连词before和after引导的时间状语从句，如省略了主语和be之后，before和after就成了介词.

Theoldmachinemustbecheckedbeforebeingused.这台旧机器在使用前必须检查.

以asif,asthough等连词引导的方式状语从句

Shelaythere,asif(shewas)dead.她躺在那儿，好像死了.（省略的主语和主句的主语一致）

3）以if,unless等连词引导的条件状语从句

Weshallstartateight,if(itis)convenient.如果方便的话，我们八点钟出发.

4）以evenif,eventhough,though,although,whether等连词引导的让步状语从句

Though(heis)young,heknowsalot.他虽然年轻但懂得很多.

Tips:在这类从句中，如果be是助动词，后面跟着现在分词或过去分词，只要主语和从句中的主语相同，也可以把从句中的主语和助动词be省略掉.

Hehurthislegwhile(hewas)ridingahorse.他在骑马时伤了腿.

例题：1.Thepurposeoftheresearchhadamoreimportantmeaningforthemthan_______. A.oursB.thoseofoursC.ithadforoursD.itdidforus2.—Heprobablywillgiveyouaride.—Really,_______Idon’tneedtobuyaticket.A.ifnecessary B.ifsoC.ifthatD.fortunately解析：DB主谓一致①and连接同一个人、同一事物、同一概念时，谓语用单数。如：Thewriterandworkerisintheroom.②动名词、不定式和从句作主语，谓语用单数。如：Educatinggirlsisveryimportant.③度量衡、国家、报刊、组织、书等后的谓语用单数。如：5，000dollarsisalargesumofmoney.④allof.../mostof.../someof.../halfof.../partof.../therestof.../百分数/分数词/……后的谓语用单数或复数取决于所修饰的名词。如：Allofthebookshavebeensoldout.Allofthemoneyhasbeenlent.⑤team/band/class/family/public/population/government/committee等集体名词作主语时，需根据其所表示的意思来确定谓语的单复数形式。如：Thefamilyismadeupoffivemembers.ThefamilyarewatchingTV.⑥“therich/poor/old/young/wounded/dead/living/...(表示“一类人”)＋复数谓语”“thenew/old/beautiful/unexplained/...(表示“抽象概念”)＋单数谓语”。如：Theoldareeasilytakenin.⑦以manya＋n.，morethanone＋n.，each/every/no＋n.(＋each/every/no＋n.)作主语时，谓语动词用单数。如：Manyastudenthasseenthefilm.Eachgirlandeachboyhasabook.⑧“Anumberof...＋复数谓语”“Thenumberof...＋单数谓语”。如：Anumberofstudentsarefondofthebook.Thenumberofstudentsinourclassis50.⑨“Quantitiesof＋单数名词/复数名词＋复数谓语”“Aquantityof＋单数名词＋单数谓语”“Aquantityof＋复数名词＋复数谓语”。如：Largequantitiesofwaterarebadlypolluted.Alargequantityofwaterisbadlypolluted.=10\*GB3⑩就近原则(either...or...，notonly...butalso，not...but，neither...nor...，therebe)；就远原则(with，alongwith，togetherwith，aswellas，suchas/like，ratherthan，besides，including，but，except)。如：NotIbutTomandJackareright.NobodybutTomandJackisright.〖巩固练习〗1. Theclimatehereisquitepleasant,thetemperaturerarely，________， reaching30° C.insummer. A.ifnot B.ifever C.ifany D.ifso2. It'snotdoingthethingswelike,butlikingthethingswehavetodo________makeslifehappy. A.that B.which C.what D.who3. Theidea“happiness”，________，willnotsitstillforeasydefinition. A.toberigid B.tobesure C.tobeperfect D.tobefair4. —IspenttwoweeksinLondonlastsummer.—ThenyoumusthavevisitedtheBritishMuseumduringyourstay，________you? A.mustn't B.haven't C.didn't D.hadn't5. ________carefullyifanychangeoccurswhendoingexperimentsinthe lab. A.Observe B.Toobserve C.Observed D.Observing6. Generally,students'innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers ________essentialtotheirdevelopment. A.is B.are C.was D.were7. “Neverforasecond，”theboysays，“________thatmyfatherwouldcometomyrescue.” A.Idoubted B.doIdoubt C.Ihavedoubted D.didIdoubt8. Theuniversityestimatesthatlivingexpensesforinternationalstudents________around$8，450 ayear，which________aburdenforsomeofthem. A.are;is B.are;are C.is;are D.is;is9. Itwasonlyafterhehadreadthepapers________Mr.Grossrealizedthetaskbeforehimwasextremelydifficulttocomplete. A.when B.that C.which D.what10. Itwas80yearsbeforeChristopherColumbuscrossedtheAtlantic________ZhengHehadsailedtoEastAfrica. A.when B.that C.after D.since【答案】1.B2.A3.B4.C5.A6.A7.D8.A9.B10.B〖强化提升〗1. Nosooner________atthedeskthanthetelephonerang. A.hadhesatdown B.hesatdown C.hehadsatdown D.didhesitdown2. NobodybutJackandJane________greatprogressintheclassrecently. A.havemade B.hasmade C.hadmade D.made3. A.surveyoftheopinionsofexperts________thatthreehoursofoutdoorexercisea week________goodforone'shealth. A.show；are B.shows；is C.show；is D.shows；are4. Thewomencarryingbabies，comeinfirst，________？ A.willyou B.willthey C.doyou D.don'tyou5. Sodifficult________ittoworkouttheproblemthatIdecidedtoaskTomforadvice. A.Ididfind B.didIfind C.Ihavefound D.haveIfound6. —Theplaceisn'ttoobad，isit?—No，________itisabittoocrowded. A.but B.for C.and D.as7. ________yougetintouniversityinthefuture，youwouldhavetogoandtakethechance. A.Will B.Should C.Would D.Could8. Wasitnotuntil________outofnaturalresourcesthattheybegantopushforotherones? A.peoplehadrun B.hadpeoplerun C.didpeoplerun D.peoplehadbeen9. Whenyou'vefinishedwiththatbook，don'tforgettoputitbackontheshelf，________？ A.doyou B.don'tyou C.willyou D.won'tyou10. Thestudentshavebeentoldthatundernocondition________themobilephoneinclass. A.maytheyuse B.theymayuse C.theycoulduse D.wouldtheyuse11. Wasitfromthelake________heoftenwentfishing________hesavedthedrowninggirl? A.that；that B.where；where C.where；that D.that；where12. Johnsonknowsmuchaboutthemovie.Ithinkhemusthaveseenit，________？ A.doesn'the B.hasn'the C.don'tI D.didn'the13. —Sohard________inthepastfewmonthsthathehasmadegreatprogressinEnglish. —Icanseethat，onlyafewmistakes________inthisexam. A.hasheworked；didhemake B.hehasworked；hemade C.hehasworked；hashemade D.hasheworked；hemade14. —Youmusthavemethimtheotherday，I'mquitesure. —Oh，no，I________. A.didn't B.haven't C.hadn't D.mustn't15. —Motherhasn'tcomebackyet. —Well，sheought________. A.to B.tobe C.todo D.tohave16. —IhearthatBaiSancan'taffordhisschoolingthisfall. —________，let'sdosomethingforhim. A.Ifso B.Whenpossible C.Whennecessary D.Whatashame17. —DoyouhaveanyideawhatPauldoesallday? —AsIknow，hespendsatleastasmuchtimeplayingashe________. A.writes B.doeswriting C.iswriting D.doeswrite18. Becarefulwithsuchthings.Ifyou________，you'lldropthem. A.don't B.aren't C.do D.won't19. —It'sagessinceIlastsawyou.Ididn'trecognizeyouatfirst. —I________，either，ifsomeonehadn'tcalledyoubyname. A.didn't B.hadn'thad C.wouldn'thave D.wouldn't20. —Theboysarenotdoingagoodjobatall，arethey? —________. A.Iguessnotso B.Idon'tguess C.Idon'tguess