2019-2020学年市北中学高三上英语期中考试

/72019-2020学年市北中学高三上英语期中考试□・GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Areallysmartstudentsofminewhohasbeengettingexcellentgradesineconomicswasconsideringitwashismajor.Hewantedtoknow(21)hecoulddowithitaftergraduation.Ihavehadthatquestionregardingeverysubjectyoucanname.Therealityis(22)itisabadquestion,(23)itassumesthatthesubjectiswhatyouwilldo.Ifyourmajorishistory,youwillbeahistorian.Ifyoumajorinphilosophy,peoplewilllaughandaskyouwhataphilosopher'sjobis.Itdoesnotworkthatway.Thehistorycourseforastudent(24)(seek)tobecomeacrimesceneinvestgatorisagreatwaytolearnforensic(法医)skills.Likewise,philosophy(25)(oftenconsider)agoodgatewaytolaworothercareerswherelogicisrequired.Therefore,Ipointedouttomystudentsthatmajorsdeliverabundleofskillsetsthatcanbeusedinthecourseoftheircareers.Allacademicaresrequireskills(26)reading,criticalthinkingresearchinthelaborthelibrary,andtheabilitytoanalyzedataaswellastoreportconclusion.TheAssociationofAmericanMedicalCollegeshasannouncedthattheMedicalCollegeAdmissionTestwillincludeanewbehavioralsciencesection.Itmeansthatitsofar(27)(recognize)theimportanceofthehumanitiestothefutureofmedicine.Ifeelfrustratedthatuniversitiesdonotsharethesefactswithstudents.(28)listofcareerbeingpursuedbygraduatesseemstomakeiteasytoanswerthequestion“WhatcanIdowiththismajor?”However,itisfarfromsatisfactory.Itwouldbegood(29)(explain)tothestudentswhatskillstheycangetthroughcoursesorassignmentsatdifferentstages.Tosumup,itistheskillslearnedthroughthecoursebutnotthemajor(30)thatmattersinyourfuturecareer.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox・Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce・NpleteB.compositionC.contrastD.excludedE.naturalF.previousG.processH.publishedI.stabilizeJ.testK.tolerated3D-printedBonesTurnintotheRealDealNometalplatesorscrews(螺丝钉)needed:anew3D-printedceramic(陶瓷)implantmendsbrokenlegsbyholdingthebrokenpartstogether,thenturninginto__31__bones.Theimplanthasthesamestrengthasrealbone,andismadebyHalaZreiqatattheUniversityofSydneyinAustraliaandhercolleagues.In__32__studies,theyshowedthatthematerialcouldhealbrokenlegbonesinrabbits.Now,inworkyettobe__33__theyhaveshownitcanalsorepairlargebrokenlegsinsheep.Theeightsheepinthestudywereabletowalkontheimplantsimmediatelyaftersurgery,withplastercas(ts石膏模)helpingto__34__theirlegsforthefirstfourweeks.Theresearcherssaw__35__healingin25percentofthebrokenlegsafterthreemonthsand88percentafteroneyear.X-raysshowedthatastherealbonesgrewback,theplastercastsgraduallydis-solvedaway.“Theygottheiroldbonesback,”saysZreiqat.Theteamfoundthatthesheep__36__theimplantswellandthattherewerenoharmfulsideeffectsastheydissolved.Theyprobablycombinedeasilywithexistingbonesbecausetheyhadasimilar__37__,saysZreiqat.Thismay__38__withmanyofthecurrentlyavailabletreatmentsforbrokenbones.Forexample,metallegplatesandscrewsfrequentlycausediscomfort.The“ink”theteamusedinthe3D-printing__39__wasamixtureofchemicalsthatarefoundastraceelementsinbone.Thenextstepfortheteamisto__40__theimplantsinpeople.II.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.BeforearrivinginParis,WuShuyun,a56-year-oldChinesehousewife,imaginedtheFrenchcapitaltobelikefilmsetforaromanticlovestory,__41__herselfasafashionableprincesssurroundedbyelegantParisians.Instead,Ms.Wusaidshewas__42__bythecigarettebuttsanddogpooonthestreet,andthe__43__ofthelocals.Thoughfriendshadwarnedherabout__44__targetingChinesepeople,shesaidshewasneverthelesssurprisedwhenanumberofhertourgroupwas__45__onacrowdedMetrotrain,asotherpassengerslookedon.“FortheChinese,Francehasalwaysbeenromantic,mysteriousand__46__,”Ms.Wusaidafteratwo-weektour.“OnceIrealizedthattheParisianswereindifferent,Imadea__47__:trytomakethemostofthetrip,butnevercomebacktoParisagain.”PsychologistswarnedthatChinesetourists,shakenby__48__,wereatriskofParisSyndrome,aconditionduringwhichforeignerssufferdepressionandanxietywhentheirrosyimaginationofchampagne,magnificentarchitectureandMonetare__49__.Theexpressionwascoined30yearsagobyParis-basedJapanesepsychiatrist,HiroakiOta,afterseveralJapanesevisitorstoParisfellillwhentheircultureof__50__wasmetwithFrencharrogance（傲慢）.ThomasDeschamps,theheadofresearchattheParisTourismOffice,saidcultureshockwasparticularly__51__amongtravelersfromAsia,whosometimeswronglyregardedtheFrenchcapitalasamuseum.“TheywatchmovieslikeAmelie（《天使爱美丽》）.TheythinkallParisianscarryLouisVuittonpursesandsmelllikeDior,”Thomassaid.“Theydon'tknowabouttheworking-classsuburbs,theoverworkedwaiters,themore__52__partsofthecity.Parisisnotamuseum.Peopleare__53__.Theyarestressedandlivingtheirlives.”TohelpprotectChinesetourists,thelocaltourismindustryhasredoubleditseffortstobemore__54__sensitive.AnonlineguideforhotelsandbusinessesnotesthatforservingChinesevisitors,“asimple__55__andhellointheirlanguagewillobviouslyputthematease.”41.A.wantingB.paintingC.picturingD.appearing42.A.frightenedB.shockedC.worriedD.pleased43.A.concernB.warmthC.angerD.indifference44.A.policemenB.thievesC.localsD.drivers45.A.robbedB.beatenC.threatenedD.pushed46.A.satisfyingB.attractiveC.damagingD.surprising47.A.choiceB.proposalC.differenceD.decision48.A.unhappinessB.expectationC.hopeD.disappointment49.A.overlookedB.destroyedC.canceledD.established50.A.toleranceB.acceptanceC.considerationD.politeness51.A.familiarB.unusualC.commonD.frequent52.A.unpleasantB.terrificC.horribleD.uncomfortable53.A.lazyB.busyC.honestD.simple54.A.economicallyB.politicallyC.culturallyD.socially55.A.smileB.praiseC.gestureD.greetingSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Likemanyofmygeneration,Ihaveaweaknessforheroworship.Atsomepoint,however,weallbegintoquestionourheroesandourneedforthem.Thisleadsustoask:Whatisahero?Despiteimmensedifferencesincultures,heroesaroundtheworldgenerallyshareanumberofcharacteristicsthatinstructandinspirepeople.Aherodoessomethingworthtalkingabout.Aherohasastoryofadventuretotellandcommunitywhowilllisten.Butaherogoesbeyondmerefame.Heroesservepowersorprincipleslargethanthemselves.Likehigh-voltage(电压)transformers,heroestaketheenergyofhigherpowersandstepitdownsothatitcanbeusedbyordinarypeople.Theherolivesalifeworthyofimitation.Thosewhoimitateagenuineheroexperiencelifewithnewdepth,enthusiasm,andmeaning.Asuretestforwould-beheroesiswhatorwhomdotheyserve?Whataretheywillingtoliveanddiefor?Iftheanswerorevidencesuggeststheyserveonlytheirownfame,theymaybefamouspersonsbutnotheroes.MadonnaandMichaelJacksonarefamous,butwhowouldclaimthattheirfansfindlifemoreabundant?Heroesarecatalysts(催化剂)forchange.Theyhaveavisionfromthemountaintop.Theyhavetheskillandthecharmtomovethemasses.Theycreatenewpossibilities.WithoutGandhi,IndiamightstillbepartoftheBritishEmpire.WithoutRosaParksandMartinLutherKing,Jr.,wemightstillhavesegregatedbuses,restaurants,andparks.Itmaybepossibleforlarge-scalechangetooccurwithoutleaderswithmagneticpersonalities,butthepackofchangewouldbeslow,thevisionuncertainandthecommitteemeetingsendless.Accordingtothepassage,heroesarecomparedtohigh-voltagetransformersinthat.theyhaveavisionfromthemountaintoptheyhavewarmfeelingsandemotionstheycanserveasconcreteexamplesofnobleprinciplestheycanmakepeoplefeelmoreconfidentGandhiandMartinLutherKingaretypicalexamplesofoutstandingleaderswho.aregoodatdemonstratingtheircharmingcharacterscanmovethemasseswiththeskillandthecharmarecapableofmeetingallchallengesandhardshipscanprovideananswertotheproblemsoftheirpeopleTheauthorconcludesthathistoricalchangeswould.bedelayedwithoutleaderswithinspiringpersonalqualitiesnothappenwithoutheroesmakingthenecessarysacrificestakeplaceiftherewereheroestoleadthepeopleproduceleaderswithattractivepersonalities(B)Afamiliarvoiceisjustfewdigitsawayfromyou.Whetheryoupreferhigh-techoptionsormoretraditionalland-lines,thereareaffordablewaytocallhomewhenyoutravelabroad,evenifyoudon'tcarryaninternationally-capablecellphone.RepaidCallingCardsRepaidcallingcardsprovidetheultimateinflexibility:theycanbeusedfrommostlocations,includingpayphones,cellphonesandland-lines.Butnotallcallingcardsareequal,especiallyoverseas.Comparetherateoptionsassociatedwithdifferentcards,whetheryoubuythembeforeyoutravelorontheroad.Somechargeapreconnectionfeeaswellasaperminutefee,forexample.CallbackServiceAsthenamesuggests,theseservicescallyouandthenplaceyourcallatcheaperrates.Youinitiatethecallbydialinga“triggernumber-aconnectiontothecall-backservice'scomputers.Letthecallringonceandthenhangup.ThecomputercallsyoubackfromtheUnitedStatesusinglowerinternationalratesandmakestheconnectionafterverifyingyouraccountnumber.Oftencheaperthandirect-dialcalls,buttheservicesmaynotworkathotels,wherestaffmaynotacceptthereturncalls.Theserviceiswelcometothosewhomakelotsofinternationalcalls.VoiceOverInternetProtocol(VoIP)VoIPworksbydigitalizingyourvoiceandsendingitviatheInternettothepersonyou'recalling,whohearitonhisPCspeakers,orbyroutingitthroughregulartelephonelinestoanyone'sstandardphoneline.VoIPservicesgenerallyworkbestwithabroadbandorwirelessInternetconnectionandcanbeusedfromhotelrooms,Internetcafesorwirelesshotspotsifyouhaveanotebookcomputer.SincemostcallsusetheInternet,andconnectionsintoandoutoftheInternetaretypicallylocalcalls,thetaresareastonishinglow.Accordingtothepassage,ifcomputertechnologyisnotavailable,travelersareadvisedtocallby.landlineB.repaidcallingcardC.callbackserviceD.payphoneWhatisfocusedoninthecallbackservice?Makingaphonecallasbriefaspossible.TakingadvantageofthehotelphonecallserviceSavingoncallsbycallingfromhome.Usingthebankaccountforcallpayinanycountry.Thepassageismainlyintendedto.offertipstotravelersonhowtocallhomeforlesshelptravelersfindtheeasiestwaytocallbackhomeintroducetheoptionalapproachestofamilyconnectionadvisetravelerstocallhomethroughbroadbandorwirelessInternet(C)Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?Ateacher?Adoctor?Howaboutanice-creamtaster?Yes,therereallyisajobwhereyoucangetpaidtotasteicecream.JustaskJohnHarrisonan“OfficialTasteTester”forthepast21years.Testinghelpsmanufacturerstobesureofaproduct'squality.DuringhiscareerHarrisonhasbeenresponsibleforapprovinglargequantitiesofthesweeticecream-aswellasfordevelopingover75flavors.Somepeoplethinkthatitwouldbeeasytodothisjob;afterall,youjusthavetolikeicecream,right?No-there'smoretothejobthanthat,saysHarrison,whohasadegreeinchemistry.Hepointsoutthatadairyorfood-sciencedegreewouldbeveryusefultosomeonewantingacareerinthis“cool”field.Inatypicalmorningonthejob,Harrisontastesandassesses60ice-creamsamples.Heletstheicecreamwarmuptoabout12F.Harrisonexplains,“Yougetmoreflavorfromwarmericecream,whichiswhysomekidsliketostirit,creatingice-creamsoup.”Whiletheicecreamwarmsup,Harrisonlooksoverthesamplesandgradeseachoneonitsappearance.“Tastingbeginswiththeeyes,heexplains.Hecheckstoseeiftheicecreamisattractiveandaskshimself.“Doestheproducthavethecolourexpectedfromthatflavor?”Nextit'stimetotaste!Continuingtothinkupnewideas,tryoutnewflavors,andtestsamplesfromsomanykindsoficecreameachdaykeepsHarrisonbusyouthappy-workingatoncecooljob.WhatisJohnHarrison'sjob?Anofficial.B.Anice-creamtaster.C.AchemistD.Anice-creammanufacturer.AccordingtoJohnHarrison,tobequalifiedinthe“coolfield”,itishelpfulto.A.keepadiaryofworkB.haveadegreeinrelatedsubjectsC.havenewideaseverydayD.findoutnewflavorseachdayWhatdoesHarrisondofirstwhentestingicecream?A.Hestirstheicecream.B.Heexaminesthecolouroftheicecream.C.Hetastestheflavoroftheicecream.D.Heletstheicecreamwarmup.Whichofthefollowingisprobablythebesttitleofthepassage?A.TastingwithEyesB.FavorsofIceCreamC.JohnHarrison'sLifeD.OneCoolJob(D)Culturalrulesdetermineeveryaspectoffoodconsumption.Whoeatstogetherdefinessocialunits.Forexample,insomesocieties,thenuclearfamilyistheunittheregularlyeatstogether.TheanthropologistMaryDouglashaspointedoutthat,fortheEnglish,thekindofmealandthekindoffoodthatisservedrelatetothekindsofsociallinksbetweenpeoplewhoareeatingtogether.Shedistinguishesbetweenregularmeals,Sundaymealswhenrelativesmaycome,andcocktailpartiesforrelativesandfriends.Thefoodservedsymbolizestheoccasionandreflectswhoispresent...Forexample,onlysnacksareservedatacocktailparty.Itwouldbeinappropriatetoserveateakorhamburgers.Thedistinctionsamongcocktails,regularmeals,andspecialdinnersmarkthesocialboundariesbetweenthoseguestswhoareinvitedfordrinks,thosewhoareinvitedtodinner,andthosewhocometoafamilymeal.Inthisexample,thetypeoffoodsymbolizesthecategoryofguestandwithwhomitiseaten.InsomeNewGuineasocieties,thenuclearfamilyisnottheunitthateatstogether.Thementaketheirmealsinaman'shouse,separatelyfromtheirwivesandchildren.Womenprepareandeattheirfoodintheirownhousesandtakethehusband'sportiontothemen'shouse.Thewomeneatwiththeirchildrenintheirownhouses.ThispatternisalsowidespreadamongNearEasternsocieties.Eatingisametaphorthatissometimesusedtosignifymarriage.InmanyNewGuineasocieties,likethatoftheLeseontheislandofNewIrelandinthePacificandthatoftheTrobriandIslanders,marriageissymbolizedbythecouple'seatingtogetherforthefirsttime.Eatingsymbolizestheirnewstatusasamarriedcouple.InU.S.society,itisjustthereverse.Acouplemaygoouttodinneronafirstdate.Otherculturalruleshavetodowithtaboosagainsteatingcertainthings.Insomesocieties,membersofafamilygroup,arenotallowedtoeattheanimalorbirdthatistheirancestor.Sincetheybelievethemselvestobechildrenofthatancestor,itwouldbelikeeatingthatancestororeatingthemselves.Thereisalsoanassociationbetweenfoodprohibitionsandrank,whichisfoundinitsmostextremeforminthecaste(socialclass)systemofIndia.Acastesystemconsistsofrankedgroups,eachwithadifferenteconomicspecialization.InIndia,thereisanassociationbetweencasteandtheideaofpollution.Membersofhighlyrankedgroupscanbepollutedbycomingintocontactwiththebodilysecretions,particularlysaliv(a唾液),ofindividualsoflower-rankedcastes.Becauseofthefearofpollution,Brahmansandotherhigh-rankedindividualswillnotsharefoodwith,noteatfromthesameplateas,notevenacceptfoodfromanindividualorfromalow-rankingclass.Accordingtothepassage,whowillNOTeattogether?A.TheEnglishduringregularmeals.Americansontheirfirstdate.MenandwomeninNearEasternsocieties.Newly-marriedpeopleontheislandofNewIreland.InParagraph4,theunderlinedword“taboos”means.A.favorsB.prohibitionsC.hatredD.gossipsAccordingtothepassage,eatingtogetherindicatesallthefollowingEXCEPT.A.thetypeoffoodB.socialrelations.C.maritalstatusD.familyties.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Differentkindsoffoodinwesterncountries.Relationsbetweenvariousfoodandsocialunits.Symbolicmeaningsofdifferentkindsoffood.Foodconsumptionindifferentcultures.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethetherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Now,wecanshopfromanywhere,anytime-whilewe'reatwork,orexercising,orevensleepinBycontrast,returningstuffisalittlemoredifficult.It'seasierforpeopletospendmorewhentheystartshoppingonline.ThenheloggedontohisAmazonaccountandsawthatsomesockshadbeenontheway.Shoppingonlinealsomakespeoplefeelgood.Atthesametimewearetakingupmorespace.OurGrowingMountainsofThingsIt'seasierthanevertobythingsonline.It'ssoeasythatRyanCassatasometimesdoesitinhissleep.The24-year-oldfromLosAngelesrecentlygotapackage.However,hedidn'trememberbuyinganything.70Heremembered:Afewnightsback,hehadwokenupinthemiddleofthenighttobrowse-andapparentlyshopon-Amazon.Heshopswhenhe'sawake,too,buyinglittlegadgetslikeanonionchopper.Theotherday,healmostboughtapoolfloat,untilherememberedthathedoesn'thaveapool.“Idon'treallyneedmostofthestuff,”hesays.Thankstoaperfectstormoffactors,Americans-andmanypeoplearoundtheworld-areamassing（积聚）alotofstuff.Beforetherewastheinternet,wehadtosetasidetimetogotoaphysicalstore,whichwasonlyopenacertainnumberofhoursaday.71Andbecauseofglobalizationofmanufacturing,manygoodsarecheaperthaneverbefore.Theyaresocheapthatweaddittoouronlineshoppingcartswithoutasecondthought.72Humansgetadopaminehitfromshopping,accordingtoresearchbyAnn-Christine--Duhaime,aprofessorofneurosurgeryatHarvardmedicalSchool.“Asageneralrule,yourbrainmakesyouwantmore,more,more-becausethathelpedyousurviveinthedistantpastofbrainevolution,”Duhaimewroteinanessaylastyear.Onlineshoppingallowsustogetthatdopaminehit,andthenalsoexperiencedelayedsatisfactionwhentheorderarrivesafewdayslater.Thismakesitmorerewardingthanshoppinginstores.SiteslikeAmazonandChina'sTaobaohavemadeitespeciallyeasytoshop.Mostonlineretailersallowcustomerstopurchasesomethingwithoutenteringtheirshippingaddressorcredit-cardinfo.Andmoreandmoreretailersoffershipping.73Shoppersusuallyhavetofilloutapplicationsandmakeanordertoreturnpackages.Manywaittoolong,ordecidethehassleisn'tworthitbecausethestuffwascheapanyway.Arecentpollintheunitedstat