哈利特,比彻,斯托课件

HarrietBeecherStowe

哈丽特•比彻•斯托

8233HarrietBeecherStowe

哈丽特•比彻•斯托ItissaidthatPresidentLincolnmetStoweduringtheCivilWarandsaidtoher,"Soyouarethelittlewomanwhowrotethebookthatmadethisbigwar."

AndshehasbeenanaudienceofQueenVictoriaandPrinceAlbert.HarrietBeecherStowe

哈丽特•比彻•斯托LifeInfluence&WorkUncleTom'sCabincareerHarrietBeecherStowe

Whenshewaselevenyearsold,sheenteredHartfordFemaleSeminary,Atthattime,HartfordFemaleSeminarywasoneofonlyahandfulofschoolsthattooktheeducationofgirlsseriously.inHartfordshecameintocontactwithslavesandlearnedaboutlifeintheSouth.latersettledinMainewithherhusband.Theearlyyearsoftheirmarriageweremarkedbypoverty.Overthenext14yearsStowehad7children.

BcareerIn1834StowebeganherliterarycareerwhenshewonaprizecontestoftheWesternMonthlyMagazine.Stowe’swritingcareerspanned51years.Shepublished30books.Shedidthiswhileshewasbusyraisingsevenchildren.

BworksUncleTom'sCabin,1852《汤姆叔叔的小屋》AKeytoUncleTom'sCabin,1853《汤姆叔叔的小屋说明》Dred:ATaleoftheGreatDismalSwamp,1856《德雷德：阴暗大沼地的故事》TheMinister'sWooing,1859《牧师的求婚》ThePearlofOrr'sIsland,1862《奥尔岛上的明珠》OldtownFolks,1869《老城的人们》BUncleTom'sCabinHelpedbuildanti-slaverysentimentinAmericaandabroad.ItbecameabestsellerintheUnitedStatesandEnglandandwentontosellthreehundredthousandcopiesthefirstyear.By1900ithadbeentranslatedintoforty-twolanguages.“She'snotonlythetoponeoftheworld-famouswomen.AtthecriticalmomentindeterminingthefateofAmericanpeopleinhistory,herinfluencegoesbeyondanyotherperson....And,ofcourse,theabolitionofslavesystemisnot,norcanbethethingsapersoncanresultintotheindustry,whichisthecauseofthecrowd.However,theimpactofUncleTom'scabinisthegreatestandmostfar-reaching."——

KirkMonroe柯克·门罗认为：“她不仅在世界著名妇女中是出类拔萃、名列前茅的，而且在决定美国人民命运的最关键的历史时刻，她的影响超过其他的任何一个人。……当然，废除奴隶制不是、也不可能是一个人能功成业就的事，它是众人的事业，但是，《汤姆叔叔的小屋》所产生的影响是最伟大的，最深远的。”

M1Realism,naturalismandDarwinismDarwinismDarwinismbackground

DarwinistsbasetheirbeliefsontheoriesofevolutiondevelopedbyBritishnaturalistCharlesDarwin.Whatis(Social)Darwinism?Darwinismisabeliefthatsocietiesandindividualhumanbeingscompeteinastruggleforexistenceinwhichnaturalselectionresultsin“struggleofthefittest.”RealismRealismbackgroundaftertheCivilWarSubject

betakenfromeverydaylife,preferablyfromlower-classlife.pioneersofrealismWilliamDeanHowells,MarkTwain,andHenryJamesnaturalismnaturalismSubjectfromthelowerranksofsocietyandportrayedthepe