gmat备考版-gwd真题gwd22套真题verbal详解

GWD3-Q1:pron,慣用語,簡潔,Thefour-million-year-oldfossilizedskeletonknownasLucyissosmallcomparedwithmanyotherskeletonspresumedtobeofthesamespecies,andsosomepaleontologistshavearguedthatLucyrepresentsadifferentlineage.本題的句意應是sosmall…thatsomepaleontologists…因為很小所以學者認為…表因果presumedtobeofthesamespecies,andpresumedtobeofthesamespeciespresumedthattheyareofthesamespecies,andthattheyhavepresumedtobeofthesamespecies,sothattheyhavepresumedareofthesamespecies,GWD3-Q2:BoldHunter:HuntersaloneareblamedforthedeclineinGreenrockNationalForest’sdeerpopulationoverthepasttenyears.Yetclearly,blackbearshavealsoplayedanimportantroleinthisdecline.Inthepasttenyears,theforest’sprotectedblackbearpopulationhasrisensharply,andexaminationofblackbearsfounddeadintheforestduringthedeerhuntingseasonshowedthatanumberofthemhadrecentlyfedondeer.Inthehunter’sargument,theboldfaceportionplayswhichofthefollowingItisthemainconclusionoftheItisanobjectionthathasbeenraisedagainstthemainconclusionoftheItisajudgmentthattheargumentItisafindingthattheargumentseekstoItprovidesevidenceinsupportofthemainconclusionoftheGWD3-Q3:AstudybytheOceanWildlifenurgedstatestoundertakeanumberofremediestoreverseadeclineinthesharkpopulation,whichincludestheestablishmentofsizelimitsforsharkcatches,closingstatewatersforsharkfishingduringpupseason,andrequiringcommercialfisherstohavefederalsharkpermits.平衡including…closing…andwhichincludestheestablishmentofsizelimitsforsharkcatches,whichincludesestablishinglimitstothesizeofsharksthatcanbecaught,closingwhichincludetheestablishmentofsizelimitsforsharkcatches,theclosingofincludingestablishingsizelimitsforsharkcatches,includingtheestablishingoflimitstothesizeofsharksthatarecaught,theclosingofGWD3-Q4:Yellowjacketsnumberamongthe900orsospeciesoftheworld’ssocialwasps,waspslivinginahighlycooperativeandanizedsocietywheretheyconsistalmostentirelyoffemales—thequeenandhersterilefemaleworkers.waspslivinginahighlycooperativeand anizedsocietywheretheyconsistalmostentirelyofwaspsthatliveinahighlycooperativeand anizedsocietyconsistingalmostentirelyofwhieanstheyliveinahighlycooperativeand anizedsociety,almostallwhieansthattheirsocietyishighlycooperative, anized,anditisalmostentirelylivinginasocietythatishighlycooperative, anized,anditconsistsofalmostallGWD3-Q5toIn1994,ateamofscientistsledbyDavidMckaybeganstudyingthemeteoriteALH84001,whichhadbeen discoveredinAntarcticain Twoyearslater,theMcKayteamannouncedthatALH84001,whichscientistsgenerallyagreeoriginatedonMars,containedcompellingevi-dencethatlifeonceexistedon Thisevidenceincludesthediscovery anicmoleculesinALH84001, everfoundinMartianrock.anicmolecules—complex,carbon-basedcompounds—formthebasisfor terrestriallife.TheanicmoleculesfoundinALH84001arepolycyclicaro-matichydrocarbons,orPAH’s.Whenmicrobesdie,theiranicmaterialoftendecaysintoPAH’s. SkepticismabouttheMcKayteam’sclaimremains,however.Forexample,ALH84001hasbeenonearthfor13,000years,suggestingtosomescientiststhatitsPAH’smighthave resultedformterrestrialcontamination.However,McKay’hasdemon-stratedthattheconcentrationofPAH’sincreasesasonelooksdeeperintoALH84001,contrarytowhatonewould expectfromterrestrialTheskeptic’sstrongestargument,however,isthatprocessesunrelatedtoaniclifecaneasilyproducealltheevidencefoundbyMcKay’, includingPAH’s.Forexample,formationproducesPAH’s.Moreover,PAH’sfrequentlyappearinothermeteorites,andnooneattributestheirpresencetolife YetMcKay’notesthattheparticularcombinationofinALH84001ismoresimilartothecombinationsproducedbydecayinganismsthantothoseoriginatingformnonbiologicalprocesses. ThepassageassertswhichofthefollowingabouttheclaimthatALH84001originatedonMars?ItwasinitiallyproposedbytheMcKayteamofItisnotamatterofwidespreadscientificIthasbeenquestionedbysomeskepticsoftheMcKayteam’sIthasbeenunderminedbyrecentworkonItis patiblewiththefacethatALH84001hasbeenonEarthfor13,000years. mainTheprimarypurposeofthepassageisdescribenewwaysofstudyingthepossibilitythatlifeonceexistedonreviseatheoryregardingtheexistenceoflifeonMarsinlightofnewreconcileingviewpointsregardingthepossibilitythatlifeonceexistedonMarsevaluatearecentlyproposedargumentconcerningtheoriginofdescribeacontroversyconcerningthesignificanceofevidencefromQ7:inference--ThepassagesuggeststhatthefactthatALH84001hasbeenonearthfor13,000yearshasbeenusedbysomescientiststosupportwhichofthefollowingclaimsaboutALH84001?ALH84001maynothaveoriginatedonALH84001containsPAH’sthataretheresultofnonbiologicalALH84001maynothavecontainedPAH’swhenitlandedon anicmoleculesfoundinALH84001arenot anicmoleculesfoundinALH84001couldnotbetheresultofterrestrialcontamination.GWD3-Q8:WhichofthefollowingmostlogicallycompletestheGarnetandRenCoeachprovidehealthcarefortheiremployees.Garnetpaysforbothtestingofitsemployees’cholesterollevelsandtreatmentofhighcholesterol.ThispolicysavesGarnetmoney,sincehighcholesterolleftuntreatedformanyyearsleadstoconditionsthatrequireveryexpensivetreatment.However,RenCodosenothavethesamefinancialincentivetoadoptsuchapolicy,because earlytreatmentofhighcholesteroldosenotentirelyeliminatethepossibilityofastrokelaterinlifethemassmediaregularlyfeaturestoriesencouragingpeopletomaintaindietsthatarelowincholesterolRenCohassignificantlymoreemployeesthanGarnetRenCo’semployeesareunlikelytohavehighercholesterollevelsthanGarnet’semployeestheaveragelengthoftimeanemployeestayswithRenCoislessthanitiswithGarnetGWD3-Q9:Studiesinrestaurantsshowthatthetipsleftbycustomerswhopaytheirbillincashtendtobelargerwhenthebillispresentedonatraythatbearsacredit-cardlogo.Consumerpsychologistshypothesizethatsimplyseeingacredit-cardlogomakesmanycredit-cardholderswillingtospendmorebecauseitremindsthemthattheirspendingpowerexceedsthecashtheyhaveimmediayavailable.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,moststronglysupportsthepsychologists’interpretationofthestudies?TheeffectnotedinthestudiesisnotlimitedtopatronswhohavecreditPatronswhoareunderfinancialpressurefromtheircredit-cardobligationstendtotiplesswhenpresentedwitharestaurantbillonatraywithcredit-cardlogothanwhenthetrayhasnologo.Invirtuallyallofthecasesinthestudies,thepatronswhopaidbillsincashdidnotpossesscreditcards.Ingeneral,restaurantpatronswhopaytheirbillsincashleavelargertipsthandothosewhopaybycreditcard.Thepercentageofrestaurantbillspaidwithgivenbrandofcreditcardincreaseswhenthatcreditcard’slogoisdisplayedonthetraywithwhichthebillisprepared.GWD3-Q10:P,不當省略,AntarcticareceivesmoresolarradiationthandoesanyotherplaceonEarth,yetthetemperaturesaresocoldandtheicecapisreflective,sothatlittlepolaricemeltsduringthesummer;otherwise,thewaterlevelsoftheoceanswouldrise250feetandengulfmostoftheworld’sgreatcities.isreflective,sothatlittlepolaricemeltsduringthesummer;issoreflectivethatlittleofthepolaricemeltsduringthesummer;wereittodoso,soreflectivethatlittlepolaricemeltsduringthesummer,orreflective,sothatlittleofthepolaricemeltsduringthesummer,reflectssothatlittleofthepolaricemeltsduringthesummer;ifitGWD3-Q11:P,慣用語(asmuchasso…that),RetailersreportedmoderategainsintheirNovembersales,asmuchbecauseoftheirsalesofayearearlierbeingsobadasthatshoppersweregettingaheadstartonbuyingtheirholidaygifts.oftheirsalesofayearearlierbeingsobadasoftheirsalesayearearlierhavingbeenasbadasoftheirsalesayearearlierbeingasbadastheirsalesayearearlierhadbeensobadastheirsalesofayearearlierwereasbadasGWD3-Q12toInits1903decisionintheofLoneWolfv.Hitchcock,theUnitedStatesSupremeCourtrejectedthe effortsofthreeNativeAmerican topreventtheopeningoftriballandstonon-nsettlementwithouttribalconsent.InhisstudyoftheLoneWolfcase,BlueClarkproperlyemphasizestheCourt’sassertion ofavirtuallyunlimitedunilateralpowerofCongress(theHouseofRepresen-tativesandtheSenate)overNativeAmericanaffairs.Buthefailstonotethedecision’smorefar-reaching impact:shortlyafterLoneWolf,thefederalernmenttotallyabandonednegotiationandexecutionofformalwrittenagreementswithntribesasaprerequisitefortheimplemen- tationoffederalnpolicy.Manycommentatorsbelievethatthischangehadalreadyoccurredin1871when—followingadisputebetweentheHouseandtheSenateoverwhich chambershouldenjoyprimacynaffairs—CongressabolishedthemakingoftreatieswithNativeAmericantribes.Butinrealitythefederalernmentcontinuedtonego- tiateformaltribalagreementstheturnofthecentury,treatingthesesnotastreatieswitheignnationsrequiringratificationbytheSenatebutsimplyaslegislationtobepassedbybothhousesofCongress.TheLoneWolfdecisionendedthiseraofformalnegotiationandfinallydidawaywithwhathadincreasinglyetheemptyformalityofobtain-ingtribalconsent.Q12:mainTheauthorofthepassageisprimarilyconcernedidentifyingsimilaritiesintwodifferentevaluatingaworkofyzingthesignificanceofahistoricaldebunkingarevisionistexploringtherelationshipbetweenlawandsocialQ13:specific--Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingwastrueofrelationsbetweenthefederal ernmentandNativeAmericantribes?SomeNativeAmericantribesapprovedofthecongressionalactionof1871becauseitsimplifiedtheirdealingswiththefederalernment.SomeNativeAmericantribesweremoreeagertonegotiatetreatiestheUnitedStatesaftertheLoneWolfPriortotheLoneWolfdecision,theSupremeCourtwasreluctanttohearcasesinvolvingagreementsnegotiatedbetweenCongressandNativeAmericantribes.Priorto1871,thefederalernmentsometimesnegotiatedtreatieswithNativeAmericantribes.Following1871,theHouseexercisedmorepowerthandidtheSenatein ernment’sdealingswithNativeAmericantribes.Q14:functionoftheAsanelementintheargumentpresentedbytheauthorofthepassage,thereferencetoBlueClark’sstudyoftheLoneWolfcaseservesprimarilytopointoutthatthisepisodeinNativeAmericanhistoryhasreceivedinadequateattentionfromscholarssupportthecontentionoftheauthorofthepassagethattheLoneWolfdecisionhadagreaterlong-termimpactthandidthecongressionalactionof1871challengethevalidityoftheSupremeCourt’sdecisionconfirmingtheunlimitedunilateralpowerofCongressinNativeAmericanaffairsrefutetheargumentofcommentatorswhoregardthecongressionalactionof1871asoftheeraofformalnegotiationbetweenthefederalernmentandNativeAmericantribesintroduceaviewabouttheLoneWolfdecisionthattheauthorexpandQ15:specific--Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingresultedfromtheLoneTheSupremeCourttookonagreaterroleinNativeAmericanNativeAmericantribeslosttheirlegalstandingassovereignnationsintheirdealingswiththefederal ernment,buttheirownershipoftriballandswasconfirmed.ThefederalernmentnolongerneededtoconcludeaformalagreementwithaNativeAmericantribeinordertocarryoutpolicydecisionsthataffectedthetribe.Thefederal ernmentbegantoappropriatetriballandsfordistributiontonon- nsettlers.NativeAmericantribeswerenolongerabletochallengecongressionalactionsbyappealingtotheSupremeCourt.GWD3-Q16:BoldEconomist:Tropicorp,whichconstantlyseeksprofitableinvestmentopportunities,hasbeenbuyingandclearingsectionsoftropicalforestforcattleranching,althoughpasturesnewlycreatedthere euselessf afterjustafewyears.Thecompanyhasnotgoneintorubbertap ,eventhoughgreaterprofitscanbemadefromrubbertap,whichleavestheforestintact.Thus,someenvironmentalistsconcludethatTropicorphasnotactedwhollyoutofeconomicself-interest.However,theseenvironmentalistsareprobablywrong.Theinitialinvestmentrequiredforasuccessfulrubber- operationislargerthanthatneededforacattleranch.Furthermore,thereisashortageofworkersemployableinrubber-tapoperations,andfinally,taxesarehigheronprofitsfromrubbertapthanonprofitsfromcattleranching.Intheeconomist’sargument,thetwoboldfacedportionsplaywhichofthefollowingroles?Thesupportstheconclusionoftheeconomist’sargument;thesecondcallsthatconclusionintoquestion.Thestatestheconclusionoftheeconomist’sargument;thesecondsupportsthatconclusion.Thesupportstheenvironmentalists’conclusion;thesecondstatesthatconclusion.Thestatestheenvironmentalists’conclusion;thesecondstatestheconclusionoftheeconomist’sargument.Eachsupportstheconclusionoftheeconomist’sBrochure:Helpconserveourcity’swatersupply.Byconvertingthelandscainyouryardtoawater-conservinglandsc,youcangreatlyreduceyouroutdoorwateruse.Awater-conservinglandsc isnaturalandattractive,anditalsosavesyoumoney.Criticism:Formostpeoplewithyards,thesavingsfromconvertingtoawater-conservinglandsccannotjustifytheexpenseofnewlandsca,sincetypicallytheconversionwouldsavelessthantwentydollarsonahomeowner’syearlywaterbills.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthebestbasisforarebuttaloftheEvenhomeownerswhoseyardsdonothavewater-conservinglandscscanconservewaterbyinstallingwater-savingdevicesintheirhomes.Aconventionallandscgenerallyrequiresamuchgreaterexpenditureonfertilizerandherbicidethandoesawater-conservinglandsc.AsignificantproportionoftheresidentsofthecityliveinbuildingsdonothaveItcostsnomoretoputinwater-conservinglandscathanitdoestoputinconventionallandsca.SomehomeownersusemorewatertomaintaintheiryardsthantheyforallotherpurposesGWD3-Q18:WhichoffollowingmostlogicallycompletestheThelastmembersofanow-extinctspeciesofaEuropeanwilddeercalledthegiantdeerlivedinIrelandabout16,000yearsago.PrehistoriccavepaintingsinFrancedepictthisanimalashavingalargehumponitsback.Fossilsofthisanimal,however,donotshowanyhump.Nevertheless,thereisnoreasontoconcludethatthecavepaintingsarethereforeinaccurateinthisregard,since someprehistoriccavepaintingsinFrancealsodepictotheranimalsashavingahumpfossilsofthegiantdeeraremu orecommoninIrelandthaninanimalhumpsarecomposedoffattytissue,whichdosenotthecavepaintingsofthegiantdeerwerepaintedwellbefore16,000yearsagoonlyonecurrentlyexistingspeciesofdeerhasanyanatomicalfeaturethatevenremo yresemblesahumpGWD3-Q19:redundancy,Possiblelong-termconsequencesofthe“greenhouseeffect,”thegradualwarmingoftheEarth’sclimate,mayincludemeltingthepolaricecapsandarisingsealevel.mayincludemeltingthepolaricecapsandarisingseamayincludethemeltingofpolaricecapsandtherisingseamayincludepolaricecapsthataremeltingandsealevelsthatareincludemeltingthepolaricecapsandsealevelsthatareincludemeltingofthepolaricecapsandariseinseaGWD3-Q20:mustbeShipClerk:ThefivespeciallyorderedshipmentssentoutlastweekweresentoutonThursday.Lastweek,alloftheshipmentsthatweresentoutonFridayconsistedentirelyofbuildings,andtheshipdepartmentthenclosedfortheweekend.FourshipmentsweresenttoTruaxConstructionlastweek,onlythreeofwhichconsistedofbuildings.Iftheshipclerk’sstatementsaretrue,whichofthefollowingmustalsobeAtleastoneoftheshipmentssenttoTruaxConstructionlastweekwasspeciallyordered.Atleastoneoflastweek’sspeciallyorderedshipmentsdidnotconsistofbuildings.AtleastoneoftheshipmentssenttoTruaxConstructionwas outonThursdayoflastAtleastoneoftheshipmentsthatweresentoutonFridayoflastweekwassenttoTruaxConstruction.AtleastoneoftheshipmentssenttoTruaxConstructionlastweekwassentoutbeforeFriday.GWD3-Q21:脫節,簡潔Datagatheredbyweathersaliteshasbeenyzedbyscientists,reportingthattheEarth’snorthernlatitudeshave eabouttenpercentgreenersince1980,duetomorevigorousplantgrowthassociatedwithwarmertemperaturesandhigherlevelsofatmosphericcarbondioxide.Datagatheredbyweathersaliteshasbeenyzedbyscientists,reportingthattheEarth’snorthernlatitudeshaveDatagatheredbyweathersaliteshasbeenyzedbyscientists,andtheyreporttheEarth’snorthernlatitudesashavingAfteryzingdatagatheredbyweathersa lites,scientistsreportthattheEarth’snorthernlatitudeshaveAfterysisofdata,gatheredbyweathersa lites,scientistsreporttheEarth’snorthernlatitudesashavingAfterdatagatheredbyweathersaliteswasyzedbyscientists,whoreportthattheEarth’snorthernlatitudeshaveGWD3-Q22:S-Vpron,Onaccountofalassedin1993,makingitacrimepunishablebyimprisonmentthataUnitedStatescitizenholdgoldintheformofbullionorcoins,immigrantsfoundthatonarrivalintheUnitedStatestheyhadtosurrenderallofthegoldtheyhadbroughtwiththem.Onaccountofalassedin1993,makingitacrimepunishablebyimprisonmentthataUnitedStatescitizenholdWithalassedin1933thatmakesitacrimepunishablebyimprisonmentthataUnitedStatescitizenholdAlassedin1933thatmadeitacrimepunishablebyimprisonmentforaUnitedStatescitizenholdingBecauseofalassedin1933makingitacrimepunishablebyimprisonmentforaUnitedStatescitizentoholdDuetoalawbeingpassedin1933thatmakesitacrimepunishablebyimprisonmentforaUnitedStatescitizentoholdGWD3-Q23toWhyfirmsadheretoordeviatefromtheirstrategicplansispoorlyunderstood.However,theoryandLinelimitedresearchsuggestthat(5)processthroughwhichsuchplansemergemayplayapart.Intopmanagementdecision-sharing—consensus-oriented,team-baseddecision-making—mayincreasethe likelihoodthatfirmswilladheretotheirplans,becausethoseinvolvedinthedecision-makingmaybemorecom-mittedtothechosencourseofaction,therebyincreasingthelikelihoodthat anizationswillsubsequentlyadheretotheirplans.However,therelationshipbetweentopmanagementdecision-sharingandadherencetoplansmaybeaffected byafirm’sstrategicmission(itsfun-damentalapproachtoincreasingsalesrevenueandmarketshare,andgeneratingcashflowandshort-termprofits).Atoneendofthestrategic missioncontinuum,“build”strategiesarepursuedwhenafirmdesirestoincreaseitsmarketshareandiswillingtosacrificeshort-termprofitstodoso.Attheotherend,“harvest” areusedwhenafirmiswillingtosacrificemarketshareforshort-termprofitabilityandcash-flowiza-tion.Researchandtheorysuggestthattopmanagementdecision- mayhaveamorepositiverelationshipwithadherencetoplansamongfirmswithharveststrategiesthanamongfirmswithbuildstrategies.Inastudyofstrategicpracticesinseverallarge firms,managersinharveststrategyscenariosweremoreabletoadheretotheirbusinessplans.Asoneofthemanagersinthestudyexplainedit,thisispartlybecause“[t]ypicallyall managerhastodo[whenimplementingaharveststrategy]isthatwhichwasdonelastyear.”Additionally,man-agersunderharveststrategiesmayhavefewerstrategicoptionsthando thoseunderbuildstrategies;itmaythereforebeeasiertoreachagree-mentonaparticularcourseofactionthroughdecision-sharing,whichwillinturntendtopromoteadherence toplans.Conversely,ina“build”strategyscenario,individualleader-ship,ratherthandecision-sharing,maypromoteadherencetoplans.Buildstrategies—which requireleaderswithstrongperso-nalvisionsforafirm’sfuture,ratherthanthenegotiatedcompromiseoftheteam-baseddecision—maybemostcloselyadheredtowhenimplementedinthecontextofaclearstrategicvisionofanindividualleader,ratherthanthroughthepracticeofGWD3-Q23:functionofaWhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthesentence(lines17-24)ofthesecondparagraphofthepassage?(D.E爭議題ToansweraquestionposedinthesentenceofthepassageaboutwhyfirmsadoptparticularstrategicmissionsTorefuteanargumentmadeintheparagraphabouthowtopmanagementdecision-makingaffectswhetherfirmswilladheretotheirstrategicplansToprovideevidencesupportingatheoryintroducedintheparagraphaboutwhatmakesfirmsadheretoordeviatefromtheirstrategicplantsToqualifyanassertionmadeintheprecedingsentence(lines6-16)abouthowtopmanagementdecision-makingaffectsthelikelihoodthatfirmswilladheretotheirstrategicplansToexplainadistinctionreliedoninthesecondparagraph(lines17-68)regardinodifferentkindsofstrategicmissionsGWD3-Q24:specific—notThepassagecitesallofthefollowingasdifferencesbetweenfirmsusingbuildstrategiesandfirmsusingharveststrategiesEXCEPT(D.E爭議題theirwillingnesstosacrificeshort-termprofitsinordertobuildmarkettheirwillingnesstosacrificebuildingmarketshareinordertoincreaseshort-termprofitabilitythenumberofstrategicoptionsavailabletotheirtherelativeimportancetheyassigntoizingcash-howlikelytheyaretoemploydecision-sharingindevelostrategicGWD3-Q25:mainTheprimarypurposeofthepassageisidentifysomeoftheobstaclesthatmakeitdifficultforfirmstoadheretotheirstrategicbusinessplanscomparetwodifferenttheoriesconcerningwhyfirmsadheretoordeviatefromtheirstrategicplansevaluatetheutilityoftopmanagementdecision-sharingasamethodofimplementingthestrategicmissionofabusinessdiscusstherespectiveadvantagesanddisadvantagesofbuildandharveststrategiesamongseverallargefirmsexaminesomeofthefactorsthatmayaffectwhetherornotfirmsadheretotheirstrategicplansGWD3-Q26:functionoftheTheauthorincludesthequotationinlines44-47ofthepassagemostprobablyinordertolendsupporttotheclaimthatfirmsutilizingharveststrategiesmaybemorelikelytoadheretotheirstrategicplanssuggestareasonthatmanymanagersoflargefirmpreferharveststrategiestobuildstrategiesprovideanexampleofafirmthatadheredtoitsstrategicplanbecauseofthedegreeofitsmanagers’commitmentdemonstratethatmanagersimplementingharveststrategiesgenerallyhavebetterstrategicoptionsthandomanagersimplementingbuildgiveanexampleofalargefirmthatsuccessfullyimplementedaharvestGWD3-Q27:Pron脫節,Competitioninthemid-nineteenthcenturybylargewesternfarmsgraduallycausedfarmersinPennsylvaniatoturntolivestockraising,butbeforethatitwaspredominantlygrain-producing.Competitioninthemid-nineteenthcenturybylargewesternfarmsgraduallycausedfarmersinPennsylvaniatoturntolivestockraising,butbeforethatitwaspredominantlygrain-producing.Oncepredominantlyagrain-producingstate,competitioninthemid-nineteenthcenturyfromlargewesternfarmsgraduallywascausingPennsylvania’sfarmerstoturntolivestockraising.Pennsylvania’sfarmersweregraduallycausedtoturntolivestockraisingbycompetitionfromlargewesternfarmsinthemid-nineteenthcentury,butbeforethatitwaspredominantlyagrain-producingstate.Itwasoncepredominantlygrain-producing,butcompetitioninthemid-nineteenthcenturybylargewesternfarmswasgraduallycausingPennsylvania’sfarmerstoturntolivestockraising.Pennsylvaniawasonceapredominantlygrain-producingstate,butcompetitioninthemid-nineteenthcenturyfromlargewesternfarmsgraduallycausedthestate’sfarmerstoturntolivestockraising.GWD3-Q28:pron,S-Thecoyoteisoneofseveralrecentecologicalsuccessstories:alongwiththewhite-taileddeer,themoose,andotherspeciesthatareenlargingtheirnaturals,theyhaveestablishedthemselvesassupremeadaptersinanerawhenthecapabilitytoadjusttotheenvironmentalchangeswroughtbyhumanbeingshascreatedawholenewclassofdominantlargemammals.theyhaveestablishedthemselvesassupremeadaptersinanerawhenthecapabilitytheyhaveestablishedthemselvesasbeingsupremeadaptersinanerawhenbeingableithasestablisheditselfasasupremeadapterinanerawhentobeithasestablisheditselfasbeingasupremeadapterinanerawhenitsithasestablisheditselfasasupremeadapterinanerawhentheGWD3-Q29:比較同類,簡Unliketheconvictionheldbymanyofhercolleaguesthatgeneswererelativelysimpleandstatic,BarbaraMcClintockadheredtoherownmorecomplicatedideasabouthowgenesmightoperate,andin1983,atof81,wasawardedaNobelPrizeforherdiscoverythattesincornarecapableofmovingfromonechromosomalsitetoanother.UnliketheconvictionheldbymanyofhercolleaguesthatgeneswererelativelysimpleandstaticAlthoughmanyofhercolleagueswereoftheconvictionofgenesbeingrelativelysimpleandstaticContrarytomanyofhercolleaguesbeingconvincedthatgeneswererelativelysimpleandstaticEventhoughmanyofhercolleagueswereconvincedthatgeneswererelativelysimpleandstaticEvenwithmanyofhercolleaguesconvincedofgenesbeingrelativelysimpleandstaticGWD3-Q30:比較同類,redundancypron,Today’stechnologyallowsmanufacturerstomakesmallcarsmorefuel-efficientnowthanatanytimeintheirproductionhistory.smallcarsmorefuel-efficientnowthanatanytimeinsmallcarsthataremorefuel-efficientthantheywereatanytimeinsmallcarsthataremorefuel-efficientthanthoseatanyothertimemorefuel-efficientsmallcarsthanthoseatanyothertimeinmorefuel-efficientsmallcarsnowthanatanytimeGWD3-Q31:justifyAlthoughmostsmoking-relatedillnessesarecausedbyinhalingthetarintobaccosmoke,itisaddictiontonicotinethatpreventsmostsmokersfromquitting.Inanefforttodecreasetheincidenceofsmoking-relatedillnesses,lawmakersinSandoniaplantoreducetheaverage tyofnicotinepercigarettebyhalfoverthenextfiveyears.Unfortuna y,smokerswhoarealreadyaddictedtonicotinetendtoreacttosuchreductionsbysmokingcorrespondinglymorecigarettes.TheinformationabovemoststronglysupportswhichofthefollowingpredictionsabouttheeffectsofimplementingtheSandonian ernment’splan?TheaveragetyoftarinhaledbySandoniansmokerswhoarecurrentlyaddictedtonicotinewillprobablynotdecreaseduringthenextfiveyears.Sandoniansmokerswhoarenotalreadyaddictedtonicotinewillprobablyalsobegintosmokemorecigarettesduringthenextfiveyearsthantheyhreviously.TheannualnumberofSandoniansmokersdevelosmoking-relatedillnesseswillprobablydecreaseduringthenextfiveyears.TheproportionofSandoniansattemptingtoquitsmokingwhosucceedinthatattemptwillprobablydecreaseduringthenextfiveyears.ThenumberofSandonianswhoquitsmokingduringthenextfiveyearswillprobablyexceedthenumberwhoquitduringthelastfiveyears. reditorial:Inanattempttoreducethecrimerate,theernorisgettingtoughoncriminalsandmakingprisonconditionsharsher.Partofthisefforthasbeentodenyinmatestheaccesstheyformerlyhadtocollege-levelcourses.However,thisactionisclearlycountertotheernor’sultimategoal,sinceafterbeingreleasedfromprison,inmateswhohadtakensuchcoursescommittedfarfewercrimesoverallthanotherinmates.WhichofthefollowingisanassumptiononwhichtheargumentTheassumptionmustbethatthecourseisnotthefactorofreducingthecrimerate.Thatis,takingthecoursewillnotreducethecrimerate.Notbeingabletotakecollege-levelcourseswhileinprisonisunlikelytodeteranyonefromacrimethatheorshemightotherwisehaveFormerinm