姥姥语法初级课程动词

姥姥语法精讲基础班-动词动词-概论动词(verb)是表示主语的动作或状态的词。a)表示动作：run跑He

runs

fast.b)表示状态：be是

He

is

a

boy.动词的分类-概述

实意动词（(notionalverb）：实义动词有完全的词义，并能独立作谓语动词。

系动词（linkverb）：作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。助动词（Auxiliary

Verb）：只能和主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、语气等动词形式，以及否定和疑问等结构中的谓语动词。情态动词（Modal

Verb）：表示能力、义务、必要、猜测等说话人的语气或情态。情态动词只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词。动词的分类类别特点意义举例实义动词及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起表达完整意思I

have

an

apple.不及物动词不跟宾语能独立做谓语He

always

comelate.系动词跟表语不能独立做谓语，跟表语构成完整意思I

am

a

doctor.助动词跟动词和分词（无词汇意义）不能独立做谓语，跟主要动词构成谓语。He

doesn’t

speakEnglish.情态动词跟动词（有自己的词汇意思）不能独立做谓语，表示说话人的语气，情态Wecan t

byourselves.That

would

bebetter.动词-系动词系动词分类1.状态：be,2.感观：taste,feel,smell,sound3.表像：seem,

appear,look4.变化：

e，grow，turn，fall，get，go，come，5.持续：keep，remain，stay，lie，stand6.终止：prove，turn

out，动词-系动词

This

sounds

reasonable.

I

am

a

student.

He

feels

angry.动词-实义动词及物动词：Raise’s

one

hand.—举起Raise

one’s

salary.—提高；增加Raise

a

family.–养育The

use

of

animals

in

scientific

research

raises

somedifficult

ethnical

questions.

–

，造成不及物动词Rise

andshineThe

consumption

of

fish

rose

by

30%动词-情态动词1.用法：情态动词+动词2.特点：无人称和数的变化后加动词原型变成否定疑问时直接变，不加其他助动词3.意义：表示推测，请求，建议，命令。动词-情态动词情态动词包括：情态动词相近含义短语现在时过去时CanCouldBe

able

to

/

manage

toMayMightBe

allowedtoShallShouldOught

to

doWillWouldBe

going

tomustHad

toHave(got)

to动词-情态动词1.

ItoldSallyhowtogethere,butperhapsI

forher.A.

had

to

write

it

outB.

must

have

written

it

outC.

should

have

written

it

outD.

ought

to

write

it

out动词-情态动词2.

—There

were

already

five

people

in

the

car

but

theymanaged

to

take

me

as

well.—It

a

comfortable

journey.A.

can’t

beB.

shouldn’t

beC.

mus have

beenD.

couldn’t

have

been动词-情态动词3.

—I

hear

you’ve

got

a

set

of

valuable

Australian

coin.

_

I

have

a

look?—Yes,

certainly.A.

DoB.

MayC.

ShallD.

Should动词-情态动词4.

How

you

say

that

you

really

understand

the

whole

story

if

you

have

covered

only

a

part

of

the

article?A.

canB.

mustC.

needD.

may动词-情态动词5.Ithasbeenannouncedthatcandidates

remainin

their

seats

until

all

the

papers

have

been

collected.A.

canB.

willC.

mayD.

shall动词-助动词Shall,

will,

should,

wouldHave,

has,

havingdo,

does,

didBe

(is/are/was/were/being/been)动词的二态1.时态：2.语态：即

语态

Fish

and

dolphins

that

live

in

extremely

muddy

watercannot

see

because,

although

there

is

light,

it

isobstructed

and

scattered

by

the

dirt

in

thewater.(CM7-T1-S1)动词的时态一般时态进行时态完成时态完成进行时态现在Speak/speaksAm/are/isspeakingHas/havespokenHas/havebeenspeaking过去spokeWas/werespeakingHad

spokenHad

beenspeaking将来Shall/willspeakShall/will

bespeakingShall/willhave

spokenShall/willhave

beenspeaking过去将来Should/wouldspeakShould/wouldbe

havespokenShould/would

have

beenspokenshould/wouldhave

beenspeaking动词的时态1.—Yourphonenumberagain?I

quite

catch

it.—It’s

9568442.A.

didn’tB.

couldn’tC.

don’tD.

can’t动词时态2.

—Can

I

help

you,

sir?—Yes.Iboughtthisradiohereyesterday,butit

.A.

didn’t

workB.

won’t

workC.

can’t

workD.

doesn’t

work动词的时态3.

Helen

her

keys

in

the

office

so

she

had

to

waituntilherhusband

home.A.

has

left;

comesB.

left;

had

comeC.

had

left;

cameD.

had

left;

would

come动词的时态4.

—Hi,

Tracy,

you

look

tired.—Iamtired.I

the

living

room

all

day.A.

paintedB.

had

paintedC.

have

been

paintingD.

have

painted动词的时态5.

I metLisathreeyearsago.She

at

a

radio

shop

at

that

time.A.

has

workedB.

was

workingC.

had

been

workingD.

had

worked动词的时态6.—Is

this

raincoat

yours?—No,mine

there

behind

the

door.A.

is

hangingB.

hashungC.

hangsD.

hung动词的时态7.

—Alice,

why

didn’t

you

come

yesterday?—I

,

but

I

had

an

unexpected

visitor.A.

hadB.

wouldC.

was

going

toD.

did动词的时态8.

—Who

is

Jerry

Cooper?—

?

I

saw

you

shaking

hands

with

him

at

themeeting.A.

Don’t

you

meet

him

yetB.

Hadn’t

you

met

him

yetC.

Didn’t

you

meet

him

yetD.

Haven’t

you

met

him

yet动词的时态9.

—Nancy

is

not

coming

tonight.—Butshe

!A.

promisesB.

promisedC.

will

promiseD.

hadpromised动词的时态10.Shirley

a

book

about

China

last

year

but

I

don’t

know

whether

she

has

finished

it.A.

has

writtenB.

wroteC.

had

writtenD.

was

writing动词的形态1.ing形式直接加ing：studying去掉不发音的e加ing：raising一个辅音字母，双写这个字母加ing：runningIe结尾的单词，变ie为y，加ing:die—dying动词的形态2.第三人称单数变化直接加sworks

gets

says

reads辅音字母加Y结尾，变Y为I加esstudy-

studies

carry-carries

fly-flies

cry-cries以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的动词,在后面加–esTeach-,teaches

wash-washes ,fix

-fixes,go-goes动词的形态3.过去式/过去分词直接加ed，如ask—asked,work—worked以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如pollute-polluted,以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i加-ed,如study—studied以辅音字母结尾