指导书内文件-vpo.safe.30802dpsm氨系统pha指南ammoniapha,what-ifguidelines

PSMProcess ysis,What-if过程危害分析，假定分析是什么What–If ysisisastructuredmethodofdeterminingwhatthingscangowrongandjudgingthelikelihoodandconsequencesofthosesituationsoccurring.Theanswerstothesequestionsformthebasisformakingjudgmentsregardingtheacceptabilityofthoserisksanddetermininga mendedcourseofactionforthoserisksjudgedtobeunacceptable.假定分析是一种用于确定什么事情会出错以及判断这些情况发生可能性和的结构化方法。这些问题的答案能够成为用于判定这些风险可接受性以及用于确定对那些被判定为不可接受风险所给出的行动计划的依据。由谁做Anexperiencedreviewteamcaneffectivelyandproductivelydiscernmajorissuesconcerningaprocessorsystem.Theteamshouldbeheadedbyafacilitator,eaemberofthereviewteamparticipatesinassessingwhatcangowrongbasedontheirpastexperiencesandknowledgeofsimilarsituations.经验丰富的小组可以高效且富有成果地辨别出与某一过程或系统相关的主要问题。该小组应由一位引导者，每一位小组成员都凭借各Teammembersusuallyincludeoperatingandmaintenance nel,designand/oroperatingengineers,specificskillsasneeded(chemist,structuralengineer,etc.)andasafetyrepresentative.Assemblinganexperienced,knowledgeableteamiskeyinconductingasuccessfulWhat-If ysis.Individualsexperiencedinthedesign,operation,andservicingofsimilarequipmentorfacilitiesisessential.Theirknowledgeofdesignstandards,regulatorycodes,pastandpotentialoperationalerrorsaswellasmaintenancedifficultiesbringsapracticalrealitytothereview.设计标准、法律规范、以往和潜在操作错误以及保养问题的知识水平对于工作具有现实意义。如何做Usinganoperatingprocedureand/orPiandInstrumentDiagram(P&ID)and/orchecklist,theteamreviewstheoperationorprocesssteputilizingaformsimilartobeneath. Ateachstepintheprocedureorprocess,What-Ifquestionsareaskedandanswersgenerated.通过使用某一操作程序和/或管道及仪表图（P&ID）和/或检查表，该小组会以以下类似形式对该操作或工序进行。在该程序或工序的每一个步Thereviewteamthenmakesjudgmentsregardingthelikelihoodandseverityofthe“What-If”answers.Iftheriskindicatedbythosejudgmentsisunacceptablethena mendationismadebytheteamforfurtheraction.Thecompleted ysisisthensummarizedandprioritized,andresponsibilitiesareassigned.FailuretofollowproceduresorproceduresfollowedProceduresincorrectorlatestproceduresnot程序不正确或未采用的程Operatorinattentiveoroperatornot操作注意力不集中或操作培ProceduresmodifiedduetoProcessconditionsEquipmentInstrumentationDe-buggingUtilityfailuressuchas ,Externalinfluencessuchasweather,vandalism,CombinationofeventssuchasmultipleequipmentThelistsbeneathcanbeusedasguideline,butitisimportanttoensurethatthewhat-ifquestionsarerelatedtothelocalequipmentandlocalcircumstances.下列可 设备/活问情/危E/AControls建Whatifasealingcomponent(e.g.,packing,O-rings,mechanicalseals,etc.)failsAsealingcomponentfailsandaleakdevelops,resultinginanammonia造成氨。WhatifavalveatthecompressordischargeisAvalveonthecompressordischargeisclosed.Anoverpressureconditiondevelops.ThepressureliftsPRVsand/orcausesanequipmentleak/rupture,resultinginanammoniaWhatifasuctionvalveis compressorsuctionvalveisclosed.Starvedcompressoroverheatsandfailsoneormoresealingcomponents.Leaksintheequipment,resultinginanammoniarelease.匮乏的压缩得过热漏，造成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建WhatifthereisinsufficientflowofthecoolingmediumtotheInsufficientflowofcoolingmediumoverheatscompressoroil,mechanicalseals,etc. Theexcessiveheatfailsoneormoresealingcomponents.Leaksdevelopontheequipment,resultinginanammonia造成氨WhatifthedischargecheckvalveisinanopenpositionandthecompressorisnotAdischargecheckvalveisopen(e.g.,stuckopen,leftinopenpositionbymechanicalliftingstem/jackscrew).Coldcoolingwatercondensesammoniaincompressor.Sluggingoccursanddamagescompressorcasing/sealingcomponents,resultinginanammoniarelease.造成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建Whatifthecompressorcut-outsorarenotperiodicallytestedorinspected?Thecompressorisequippedwithcut-outssafeties/interlocks.Thecut-outs,safetiesorinterlocksarenotperiodicallytestedorinspected.ThecompressordoesnotshutdownwhenanunsafeconditionarisesresultinginanammoniaWhatifcompressorcut-outs/safetiesorinterlocksarenotdesignedtofailAcut-out,safetyorinterlockfails.Theoperatordoesnotdetectthefailure.Anunsafeconditionarisesandthecut-out,safetyorinterlockisunavailablebecauseithasfailed.Thiscausesaleakorrupture,resultinginanammoniarelease.现故障。操作无法破裂，造成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建WhatifthecompressorisThecompressorisrunning.Thelubricationsystemfails,suchasapluggedfilter,astoppelpump,oranoilloss.Compressorexperiencesacceleratedmechanicalwear.Thesealingcomponentfails,resultinginanammoniaWhatiftherepleteswingcompressorcut-Acompressorispipedtomultiplesuctionsystems.Thecompressordoesnothavecut-outs/safeties/interlocksforallsystemsserved.Thecompressorfailstoshutdownduringanemergencysituation,resultinginaleak/ruptureandaNH3Whatiftherearemissingorcompressorcut-Therearemissingorinsufficientcut-outs/safeties/interlocks.Thecompressorfailstoshutdownduringemergency,resultinginaleak/ruptureandanNH3破裂以及氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建Whatifcompressorsloaduptooquickly?Compressorsloaduptooquickly,agitatingaccumulatorwithliquidcarryovertocompressor.Sluggingofcompressoroccurs.Thisdamagesthecompressorcasingorsealingcomponents,resultinginanNH3release.件，造成氨RotaryScrewWhatifsuctioncheckvalvefailsopenandcompressorisnotAcompressorunexpectedlyshutsdown(e.g.,lossofelectricalpower,safetytrips,etc.).Oilinseparatorbackflowsthroughthecompressorsuction.Oilfreezesandseizesammoniapumporfloodsanddamagesothercompressors,resultinginanammonia压缩机，造成氨RotaryScrewWhatifthecoalescerdrumgasketblowsout?Thecompressorcoalescerdrumgasketblowsout,resultinginanammonia片爆裂，造成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建往塞压缩Whatifthecoolingmediumistoocold?Thecompressorcoolingmediumistoocold.Liquidammoniacondensesonsuctionsideofcompressor.Sluggingofcompressoroccurs,resultinginanammoniarelease.成氨Whatifanammoniavalveisclosedonthecondenseroutlet?Anammoniastopvalveisclosedonthecondenseroutlet.Anoverpressureconditiondevelopsatthecompressordischarge.TheoverpressureliftsPRVsand/orcausesasystemleak/rupture,resultinginanammoniarelease裂，造成氨WhatifthereiscoolingtotheInsufficientcoolingdecreasesamountofammoniacondensed.Overpressuredevelopsbetweencompressordischargeandreceiver.ThisliftsPRVsand/orcausesasystemleak/rupture,resultinginanammonia氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建WhatifthesupportsandenclosureCorrosion/vibrationweakensastructuralcomponent.Thecomponentfailsandimpactstubecausingaleakandresultinginanammonia管道发生泄漏和氨WhatifcondenserwaterfreezesonWaterfreezesoncondenserstructure.Theicebuild-upcausestubeleaks/ruptures,resultinginanammonia漏/破裂，造成氨Whatifthereisatubeleak/rupture?Atubeleaks/rupturesduetohighgaspressure,hydraulicpressure,corrosion,orerosion(e.g.liquidimingontubewall),resultinginanammonia管道由于高气压、裂，造成氨PlateFrameWhatifagasketAgasketfailsandadevelops,resultinginanammoniarelease漏，造成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建SandTubeWhatifthereisatubeleak/rupture?Atubeleaks/rupturesduetohighgaspressure,hydraulicpressure,corrosion,orerosion(e.g.,liquidimingontubewall).Ammoniaathigherleakstocoolingmediumofcondenser,resultinginanammoniarelease.管道由于高气压、漏，造成氨VerticalSandTubeWhatifcoolingwatersplashesoutofthewaterbox?出？Coolingwatersplashingoutofthewaterboxcontactstheequipmentcausingcorrosion.Thecorrodedequipmentweakensandleaks/ruptures,resultinginanammonia飞溅出的冷却水与裂，造成氨Whatifthereiscoolingofthepurgestream?Ammonialiquidfeedtothepurgerisinadequate.Thispreventsthesystemfromremovingammoniafromthepurgestream.Thesystempurgesastreamofammoniatothewaterbubbler,saturatingthebubblerandresultinginanammonia足。这会该系统将置处，起泡器浸后成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建WhatiftheairreleasefloatmechanisminthechamberfailsTheairreleasefloatmechanismintheammoniacondensingchambersticksopen.Ammoniavapourisblownintothebubbler,saturatingthebubblerandresultinginanammonia吹入起泡器，起泡后造成氨PressureVesselWhatifthePRVisnot“connectedaboveanyliquid intheThePRVisconnectedbelowaliquidlevelandthereisanoverpressure.TheoverpressureliftsPRV.ThePRValsosuffersareductionincapacityand/orcausesasystemleak/rupture,resultinginanammonia氨PressureVesselWhatiftheInletandoutletstopvalvesareclosedwiththevesselnearlyfullofliquidammoniaInlet/outletsopvalvesareclosed,withliquidammoniainvessel.Atemperatureincreasecausesliquidthermalexpansionandhydraulicpressure.ThisliftsPRVand/orcausesasystemleak/rupture,resultinginanammoniarelease形成。这会提升减设备/活问情/危E/AControls建PressureVesselWhatifinletandoutletstopvalvesareclosedwithvesselnearlyemptyofliquidInlet/outletstopvalvesclosedwithammoniavapourinvessel.Temperatureincreasecausesammoniavapourpressuretorise.ThepressureliftsPRVsand/orcausesasystemleak/rupture,resultinginanammonia裂，造成氨PressureVesselWhatifanaccessflangegasketAnaccessflangegasketfailsandaleakdevelops,resultinginanammoniaPressureVesselWhatifthereisexcessiveheatappliedontoorintothevessel?Thereisasourceofexcessiveheatappliedontoorintothevessel.Anoverpressuredevelops,liftingRSVsand/orcausingasystemleak/ruptureresultinginanammonia该容器上或施加有过PressureVesselWhatiflevelgaugesarenotprotectedfromAlevelgaugeisnotprotectedfromimpact.Anobjectoravehicleimpactsthelevelgauge,breakingtheconnectionsortheglassandresultinginanammonia并且造成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建PressureVesselWhatifsmalltubing/piisSmallboretubing/piisnotprotectedfromimpact.Anobjectorvehicleimpactsandrupturesthesmallboretubing/pi,resultinginanammoniarelease.发生破裂，造成氨PressureVesselWhatiftheTheequipmentexperiencesexternalcorrosion.Thecorrodedequipmentweakensandleaks/ruptures,resultinginanammonia漏/破裂，造成氨PressureVesselWhatiftheglassonthebull’s-Theglassonthebulls-eyebreaks,resultinginanammonia成氨HumanFactorsWhatifacriticalvalveisnotlabeledoreasilyAcriticalvalveisnotlabeledoreasilyidentified.Thevalveisnotaccessedduringanemergency,resultinginanammonia设备/活问情/危E/AControls建WhatifthereisahighammonialiquidlevelintheHighammonialiquidleveldevelopsinvessel.Ammonialiquidcarries-overtothecompressor.Sluggingofcompressoroccurs.Thisdamagesthecompressorcasingorsealingcomponents,resultinginanammoniarelease.成氨WhatifthereisalowlevelintheLowlevelinthevesselinducesavaporlockconditiononthepump.Pumpfailsandammonialiquidlevelinvesselchangesfromlowleveltohighlevel.Thiscreatessamescenarioasthepreviouscaseresultinginanammonia低位变为。这会造氨WhatifsomeevaporatorsareSomeevaporatorsareshutdown.Lessammoniaisremovedfromthevessel.Ahighleveloccursinthevessel,producingabackflowtothecondenserandraisingheadpressures,resultinginanammonia成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建LiquidTransferDumpTrapWhatifavesselisoperatedbelow-TheVesselisoperatedbelow-20F.Vesselissubjectedtoasuddenpressuresurgeexceeding40%ofthevessel’sallowablestress.Thevesselrupturesresultinginanammonia对容器进行操作。The破裂，造成氨Whatifanevaporatorthatchillsaliquid(e.g.glycol,water,brine)experiencesatubefailure?Ammoniaathigherpressure,leakstocoolingmediumsideofcondenser,resultinginanammoniareleasefromthechilledliquidsystem.氨Whatifanevaporatorthatchillsairexperiencesatubefailure?Atubefailurewithanevaporatorduetohighgaspressure,hydraulicpressure,corrosion,orerosion(e.g.liquidimingontubewall),resultinginanammoniareleasefromthechilledairsystem.液体管壁）出现生氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建Whatifancontainingliquidexperiencesatemperaturerisefromambientorappliedheatfromthecontinuedcirculationofair,glycol,water,brine,,electricity,Anisolatedevaporatorcontainingliquidammoniaexperiencesatemperaturerise(e.g.continuedcirculationofair,glycol,water,brine,,etc.)generateshydrostaticpressurefromtheliquidammonia.Thiscausesaleak/rupture,resultinginanammoniarelease蒸汽等持续循环)，使液WhatiftheTheequipmentexperiencesexternalcorrosion.Thecorrodedequipmentandleaks/ruptures,resultinginanammoniarelease.破裂，造成氨WhatiftheadditionalweightoficeonanAdditionalweightoficeonanevaporatorbreaks/deflectsstructuralsupport.Thiscausesseparation/ruptureofammonialines,resultinginanammoniarelease.造成氨PlateFrameWhatifaontherefrigerant-sidefails?Agasketfailsandadevelops,resultinginanammoniarelease.漏，造成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建SandWhatifatube/coilleaksandammoniaisatahighpressure?Atubeleaksduetocorrosion,erosion,freezing,etc.andammoniaisatahigherpressure.Ammonia,athigherpressure,leaksfromtherefrigerantsidetothefluidsideofevaporator,resultinginanammoniaSandTubeWhatifatube/coilleaksandammoniaisatalowerpressure?Atubeleaksduetocorrosion,erosion,freezing,etc.andammoniaisatalowerpressure.Fluid,athigherpressure,leaksfromthefluidsidetotherefrigerantsideofevaporator.Thisdamagesthecompressorcasingorsealingcomponents,resultinginanammonia造成氨SandTubeWhat-ifCIPisinitiatedwithliquidammoniaThehightemperaturecausesrapidpressureincreaseandreleaseofammoniafromthesafety并且氨从安全阀中PlateWhatifanammoniaflexhosefails?Anammoniaflexhoseonaplatefreezerleaks/ruptures,resultinginanammonia设备/活问情/危E/AControls建IceWhatifabearing/sealonarotatingdrumicemachinefails?Thebearing/sealonarotatingdrumicemachinefails,resultinginanammoniarelease.件出现故障,造成氨.IceWhatifanicebuildercoilTheammoniacoilonanicebuildercorrodesandleaks,collapsesfromexpandingice,oroverbuilticefloatscoil,breakingconnectionandresultinginanammoniaAirUnitWhatiffrostisnotremovedfromthebottomrowsduringhotgasFrostisnotremovedfromthebottomrowsduringhotgasdefrosting.Iceaccumulatesovertimeonthebottomrowsofthecoil.Iceexpandsandrupturescoil,resultinginanammoniaAirUnitWhatificebuildsupinthedrainIcebuildsupinthedrainpan.Thedrainpan tooheavyforitssupport.Thedrainpanseparatesfromtheunitcooler,separatingand/orrupturingammonialinesandresultinginanammoniarelease.或破裂并且造成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建AirUnitWhatifthereisliquidhammerorslugginginanammoniacoil?Thereisliquidhammerorslugginginanammoniacoil(e.g.duringhotgasdefrost).Theliquidhammerorsluggingrupturestheammoniacoilorheader,resultinginanammonia。WhatifpiPiexperiencesexternalcorrosion(e.g.,fromcondensation,fromsplashingordripofwater,fromexposuretocorrosivechemicals,etc.).Thecorrosioncausesaleakorrupture,resultinginanNH3漏或破裂，造成氨WhatifalineisisolatedwhilefullofammoniaIsolatedpicontainingammonialiquidexperiencesatemperaturerise.Theheatcausesthermalexpansionoftheammonialiquid,rupturingthepipeorcausingflangesorfittingleaksandresultinginanammonia漏并且造成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建WhatifaflangegasketfailsorflangeboltsstretchorAflangegasketfailsorflangeboltscorrodeorstretch,resultinginanammonia成氨WhatifmultiplePRVdischargesoccurinpiandheaderhascapacity?WhatifheaderiscorrodedandpassageMultiplePRVsdischargescreateexcessivebackpressureonotherPRVsbecausetheheaderhasinsufficientcapacity.Overpressureofrelievingvesseloccurs,resultinginanammoniarelease.Useofbrassfittingdownstreamofvalvecancausecorrosiontoblockpassage-avoiduseofbrassInspectventDonouse压，造成氨WhatifthereisinadequatepiAmmoniapisupports/saddlesareinadequateorimproperlyadjusted(e.g.,tomodatethermalexpansionandcontraction).Overstressingofpisystemoccursandfail,resultinginanammonia出现故障，造成氨Whatificebuildsuponpi?Icebuilduponpicompromisesexistingpipesupportscausingaleak/rupture,resultinginanammonia造成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建Whatifliquidaccumulatesinreturnline?Liquidammoniaaccumulatesinreturnline.Thereisanunexpectedpressuresurgeandsluggingoccursinanammoniapipe/valve.Thesluggingrupturesthepipe,valve,orendcapresultinginanammoniarelease.造成氨Whatifthepilayoutdoesthermalexpansionorcontraction?Thermalexpansionorcontractionoccurs.ThiscausesstressesinresultinginanammoniaWhatificebuilds-uponpithatpenetratesaloadbearingwall?Icebuilds-uponpithatpenetratesaloadbearingwall.Iceexpandsinthewallpenetrationspaceandcrackswall.Structuralpiecesofthewallimpactthepi,causingalea/ruptureandresultinginanammonia裂并且造成氨Pi:HumanWhatifpiisPiismislabeledandconsequently,anemployeeusesthepipeincorrectlyresultinginanammonia该管道，造成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建PiWhatifthereisliquidhammerorslugginginanThereisliquidhammerorslugginginanammoniapipe/valve.Theliquidhammerorsluggingrupturesthepipe,valve,orendcap,resultinginanammonia造成氨WhatifavalveiscausingthebonnettoliftAvalveisovertightened.Thiscausesthebonnettoslightlylift,resultinginanammoniarelease.略微提升，造成氨Whatifavalvecomponentleaks?Avalvesealingcomponent(e.g.,stempacking,gasket,etc.)leaks,resultinginanammoniaWhatifvalvesareleftintheclosedoropenpositionforalongperiodoftimewithoutAvalveisleftinpositionforalongtime.Thevalveisneededforventing,draining,equalizing,emergencyprocedures,etc. needed,thevalveisstuckandwillnotcycle,resultinginpressurebuild-upandanammoniarelease.堆积和氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建WhatifhandvalvesareleftintheclosedoropenpositionforalongperiodoftimewithoutAhandvalveisleftinonepositionforalongtimeandleaksammoniaaroundthevalvepackingwhencycled,resultinginanammonia氨Whatifplugs,capsorblindflangesaremissingonorpurgeAvalveisinadvertentlyopenedorleaks.Thereisnoplug,caps,orblindflange,resultinginanammonia或盲法兰，造成氨WhatifthepackingnutbacksoffduringopeningoftheThevalvestemisopenedandthepackingnutisbacked-offwiththestem,resultinginanammonia氨WhatifthescrewedbonnetbacksoffduringoperationormaintenanceoftheThescrewedbonnetbacksoffduringoperationormaintenanceofthevalve,resultinginanammonia氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建WhatifasealcapcannotberemovedfromaAsealcapcannotberemovedfromavalveduetofreezing,corrosion,access, Valvecannotbeoperatedmanuallywhenneeded.ThisliftsPRVsorcausesaleak/rupture,resultinginanammonia裂，造成氨Whatifbonnetunseatsorisremovedwhensealcapisturned?Bonnetunseatsorisremovedwhensealcapisturned,resultinginanammoniarelease.Whatifanautomatedvalveopens/closeswithexcessiveforce?Anautomatedvalveopens/closeswithexcessiveforce,damagingthevalveorconnectedpiandresultinginanammonia。What-ifavalvemustberemovedforrepairHumanFactorWhat-ifoperatorsdonotknowthelocationofisolatingvalves 知 IntheeventofareleaseexcessiveamountsofammoniaarereleasedIncreasedrisktoworkersandthecommunity.Additionalcostforammonia的。氨采购的其他本设备/活问情/危E/AControls建Valve:HumanWhatifacriticalvalveisnotlabeledoreasilyAcriticalvalveisnotlabeledoreasilyidentified.Thevalveisnotaccessedduringanemergency,resultinginanammonia。GenericWhatifthepumpprimeislostandpumprunsdry?Thepumpprimeislostandthepumprunsdry.Thiscausescavitationanddamagespumpseal(orcanforahermeticpump),resultinginanammoniaGenericWhatifavalveatthepumpdischargeisAvalveonthepumpdischargeisclosed.Thiscauseshighpressurebetweenthepumpdischargeandtheclosedvalve.Leaksdevelop,resultinginanammoniarelease.成泄漏，造成氨GenericWhatifapumpsuctionvalveisAvalveonthesuctionsideofthepumpisclosed.Thepumpprimeislostandthepumprunsdry.Thiscausescavitationanddamagespumpseal(orpumpcanforahermeticpump).,resultinginanammoniarelease.设备/活问情/危E/AControls建GenericWhatifthepumpfailsoristurned-Apumpfails(e.g.,brokenbelts,damagedvalvesonpositivedisplacementpump,brokencoupling,trippedmotor,etc.).Thiscauseshighleveltobuildinthevesselfeedingthepump.Thisallowsliquidcarryovertothecompressordamagingthecasingorseals,resultinginanammoniarelease.或密封件，造成氨GenericWhatifthecheckvalvefailsAcheckvalveonpumpdischargefailsclosedforsuchreasonsasstuckclosed,wrongcheckvalveinstalled,orinstalledincorrectly.Thiscauseshighpressurebetweenthepumpdischargeandtheclosedvalve.Leaksdevelop,resultinginanammoniarelease.GenericWhatif apumpsealfails?Apumpsealfailsandaleakdevelops,resultinginanammoniarelease.成泄漏，造成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建GenericWhatifacheckvalvefailsopen?Acheckvalvefailsopenonapumpthatisnotrunning.Thepumprunsbackward,damagingthesealandresultinginanammonia件并且造成氨GenericWhatifliquidammoniaisisolatedinaLiquidammoniaisisolatedinapump.Anexternalheatsourceisappliedcausingexcessiveoverpressureinpumpandleak/rupture,resultinginanammonia漏/破裂，造成氨GenericPump:HumanFactorsWhatifacriticalvalveisnotlabeledoreasilyAcriticalvalveisnotlabeledoreasilyidentified.Thevalveisnotaccessedduringanemergency,resultinginanammonia。Whatifapistonfromtherodandhitsthewall?Adisconnectedpistonhitsthewallandcausesafailureofthepumpcasing,resultinginanammoniarelease.断开的活塞墙壁并且造成氨。设备/活问情/危E/AControls建Whatiftheventilationsystemisnon-existent,inadequateorinoperableduringandemergencyTheemergencyventilationsystemisnon-existent,inadequateorinoperableduringanemergencysituation,increasingtheexposuretohazardousResponsetoProcessUpsetsWhat-ifthecontrolindicatesaprocessupset置存在工艺Refrigerationcontrolindicatesaprocessupset.Operatordoesnotknowtheupsethasoccurred.Thispreventscontrolandmanagementoftheupset,resultinginanNH3冷冻控制装置存在艺异常。操作不知和，造成氨What-ifthesystemisnon-inadequateorinoperableduringanemergencyTheemployeeemergencynotificationsystemisnon-existent,inadequateorinoperableduringemergencysituation.Thispreventsproperinitiationofemergencyactions(e.g.,evacuation),increasingtheexposuretohazardous产生的风险设备/活问情/危E/AControls建Locationanduseofequipmentisnon-inoperable,poorlylocatedorincorrectlyusedEmergencyequipmentisnon-existent,inadequate,inoperable,poorlylocatedorincorrectlyused,resultinginincreasedexposuretohazardousconsequences.SandTubeWhatifthereisnoPRVonthisAnoverpressureconditionexistsandthereisnoPRV.Thiscausesaleakorrupture,resultinginanammonia裂，造成氨。PressureVesselGenericPumpWhatifthe(PM)programforPRVsisinsufficientorAPRV'sPMprogramisinsufficientornon-existent.ThePRVfailstoperformasdesigned(e.g.PRVfailstoliftatset-pressureduringanoverpressurecondition;PRVleaks;orPRVliftsbelowitset-pressure).Thisresultsinanammoniarelease.造成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建PressureVesselGenericPumpWhatifthesetpressureoftheequipmentPRVismorethanthedesignpressureoftheequipment?Pressurerisesaboveequipmentdesign.ThePRVdoesnotliftbecausetheset-pressureistoohigh.Theoverpressurecausesaleak/rupture,resultinginanammoniarelease.裂，造成氨。PressureVesselGenericWhatifthePRVcapacityistooAnoverpressureconditionexist.ThePRVliftsbutcannotmeetreliefcapacitydemand.Theoverpressurecausesaleak/rupture,resultinginanammonia以提升但是压力PressureVesselGenericWhatifthePRVopensbelowitsVibration,incorrectdesign,weakenedPRVspring,failureofvalveseatmaterial,etc.causesPRVtoliftbelowitsset-pressure,resultinginanammoniarelease.设备/活问情/危E/AControls建PressureVesselGenericPumpWhatifthePRVfailstoliftat/aboveitsset-Anoverpressureconditionexists.ThePRVfailstoliftatitsset-pressure.Theoverpressurecausesaleak/rupture,resultinginanammoniarelease.PressureVesselWhatif accumulatesinthePRVdischargepi?Rain/condensateinpicorrodesPRV,accumulatesonPRV,orfreezesinpi.Corrosioncausesprematurelifting;accumulationonPRVcausesoverpressureandaleak/rupture;oriceblocksPRVdischarge.Thisresultsinanammonia成氨PressureVesselGenericPumpWhatifaPRVliftsandnofollow-upactionistaken?APRVliftsbelow,at,oraboveitsset-pressureandrelievesthesystempressure.ThePRVisnotre-seating.Later,thePRVleaksorliftsbelowitsset-pressure,resultinginanammonia造成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建PressureVesselGenericPumpWhatifthereisaclosedstopvalvebefore/afteraAstopvalvebefore/afteraPRVisnotsecuredopen,andthevalveisleftshutaftermaintenanceorinadvertentlyclosed.Anoverpressuredevelops,causingaleak/ruptureandresultinginanammoniaPressureVesselGenericPumpWhatifaPRVdischargesintopi/systemthatisnotventedtoAPRVdischargesintopi/systemthatisnotventedtoatmosphere.ThereisariseinpressuredownstreamofthePRV.Thiscausesariseintheset-pointofthePRV.Anoverpressuredevelops,resultinginaleak/ruptureandanammoniarelease.成氨PressureVesselGenericWhatifplugs,caps,orblindflangesaremissingonpurgeordrainvalves?AvalveisinadvertentlyopenedorleaksThereisnoplug,caps,orblindflange,resultinginanNH3release.设备/活问情/危E/AControls建FacilitySitingWhatiftheequipmentisimpactedbyaAcompressorisimpactedbyavehicle,causingaruptureandresultinginanNH3PressureVesselFacilityWhatifvalvesarenotaccessible?Avalveisnotaccessible.Attemptsbyemployeestoaccessavalvecausesaleak/rupture.Avalveisnotaccessedquickenoughinanemergencysituation,resultinginaprolongedNH3PressureVesselGenericWhatifinstrumentationisbrokenorBrokenorincorrectlyinstalledinstrumentation,suchaspressuregauges,sightglasses,etc.causesemployeestomakeincorrectdecisions,resultinginanammoniarelease.造成氨设备/活问情/危E/AControls建whatifthetubingisTheinstrumentationtubingisimproperlysupported.Inadequatesupportresultsinchafing.Thiscauses tubingtoleak,resultinginanammoniarelease.。WhatifthetubingisTheinstrumentationtubingisimproperlyprotected.Thetubingexperiencesanimpact.Thiscausesthetubingtoleak,resultinginanammoniareleaseorthiscausesanincorrectreadingandresultsinemployeesmakingincorrectdecisions,resultinginanammonia的决策，造成氨Whatifpressureregulatingdevicesareimproperlyadjustedorfail?ImproperadjustmentorfailureofpressureregulatingdevicesliftsPRVsorcausesleaks/ruptures,resultinginanammoniarelease.漏孔/破裂，造成氨Whatifthesystemfails?Acomputer-controlsystemfails.Controloftherefrigerationsystemislost.Ammonialiquidisisolatedbetweentwovalves.Overpressuredevelops,causingaleak/ruptureandresultinginanammonia设备/活问情/危E/AControls建WhatifthereisinadequatePMoninstrumentationorThereisinadequatePMon(e.g.,temperaturesensors,pressuresensors,levelsensors,gauges,floats,thermometers,etc.),causingfalsereadingsandres