2022年大学英语六级考试试题册（含参考答案）

机密*启用前大学英语六级考试COLLEGEENGLISHTEST—BandSix—(2022年9月第2套)试题册（含参考答案）PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)特别说明：由于2022年9月六级考试全国共考了1套听力，本套听力试题同第1套试题一致，因此在本套题中不再重复出现。PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itwasperhapswhenmyparents—whoalsohappentobemyhousemates—lefttogotravellingforacoupleofmonthsrecentlythatit26onmewhyIhadnotyetleftthefamilyhome.Itwasn'tthatIreliedonthemfor27reasons,ortokeepmylifeinorder,ortoeasethechaosofthehome.Thesedays,Irelyonthemfortheircompany.Imissedcominghomeandtalkingaboutmydayatwork,andImissedbeingabletoreadtheirfacesandsensehowtheirdaywas.Imissedhavingunique28intotinydetailsthatmakealife.Whiletheconversationaboutyoungadultsstayinglongerathomeis29bytalkoflaziness,ofdependence,ofaninabilityforyoungpeopletopullthemselvestogether,30dowetalkoftheway,inmycaseatleast,myrelationshipwithmyparentshas31strengthenedthelongerwehavelivedtogether.Overtheyearsthepowerdynamichaschangedandisnolongerdefinedbyonebeingthegiverandanother,thetaker.So,whatdoesthissayforourrelationshipswithinthefamilyhome?AccordingtopsychologistSabinaRead,thereare“someverypositivepossible32whenadultchildrensharethefamilyhome”,notingthe“parent-childrelationshipmayindeedstrengthenandmature”intheprocess.But,shenotes,astrong33doesn'tsimplycomewithtime.“Themanychangingfactorsoftherelationshipneedtobeacknowledged,ratherthanhopingthatthemerepassageoftimewill34connectparentstotheiradultchildren.It'simportanttoacknowledgethattherelationshipparametershavechangedtoavoidfallingbackinto35fromtheteenyears.I)I)magicallyJ)outcomesK)patternsL)rarelyM)saturatedN)stereotypesO)undoubtedlyA)bondB)contemplatedC)dawnedD)hierarchyE)insightF)legislativeG)leverageH)logisticalexclusivelyinnovatedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.HowTelemedicineIsTransformingHealthcareA)Afteryearsofbigpromises,telemedicineisfinallylivinguptoitspotential.Drivenbyfasterinternetconnections,ubiquitous(无处不在的)smartphonesandchanginginsurancestandards,morehealthprovidersareturningtoelectroniccommunicationstodotheirjobs—andit'sdramaticallychangingthedeliveryofhealthcare.B)Doctorsarelinkingupwithpatientsbyphone,emailandwebcam(网络摄像头).They’realsoconsultingwitheachotherelectronically—sometimestomakesplitseconddecisionsonheartattacksandstrokes.Patients,meanwhile,areusingnewdevicestorelaytheirbloodpressure,heartrateandothervitalsignstotheirdoctorssotheycanmanagechronicconditionsathome.Telemedicinealsoallowsforbettercareinplaceswheremedicalexpertiseishardtocomeby.Fiveto10timesaday,DoctorsWithoutBordersrelaysquestionsabouttoughcasesfromitsphysiciansinNiger,SouthSudanandelsewheretoitsnetworkof280expertsaroundtheworld,andbackagainviainternet.C)Asameasureofhowrapidlytelemedicineisspreading,consider:Morethan15millionAmericansreceivedsomekindofmedicalcareremotelylastyear,accordingtotheAmericanTelemedicineAssociation,atradegroup,whichexpectsthosenumberstogrowby30%thisyear.D)Noneofthisistosaythattelemedicinehasfounditswayintoallcomersofmedicine.Arecentsurveyof500tech-savvy(精通技术的)consumersfoundthat39%hadn’theardoftelemedicine,andofthosewhohaven’tusedit,42%saidtheypreferredin-persondoctorvisits.Inapollof1500familyphysicians,only15%haduseditintheirpractices—but90%saidtheywouldifitwereappropriatelyreimbursed(补偿).E)What'smore,foralltherapidgrowth,significantquestionsandchallengesremain.Rulesdefiningandregulatingtelemedicinedifferwidelyfromstatetostate.Physiciansgroupsareissuingdifferentguidelinesaboutwhatcaretheyconsiderappropriatetodeliverandinwhatform.F)Somecriticsalsoquestionwhetherthequalityofcareiskeepingupwiththerapidexpansionoftelemedicine.Andthere'sthequestionofwhatservicesphysiciansshouldbepaidfor:Insurancecoveragevariesfromhealthplantohealthplan,andabigfederalplancoversonlyanarrowrangeofservices.Telemedicine'sfuturewilldependonhow—andwhether—regulators,providers,payersandpatientscanaddressthesechallenges.Here'sacloserlookatsomeoftheseissues:G)Dopatientstradequalityforconvenience?Thefastest-growingservicesintelemedicineconnectconsumerswithcliniciansthey'venevermetforaphone,videooremailvisit—on-demand,24/7.Typically,thesearefornonemergencyissuessuchascolds,flu,ear-achesandskinrashes,andtheycostaround$45,comparedwithapproximately$100atadoctor'soffice,$160atanurgent-careclinicor$750andupatanemergencyroom.H)Manyhealthplansandemployershaverushedtooffertheservicesandpromotethemasaconvenientwayforplanmemberstogetmedicalcarewithoutleavinghomeorwork.Nearlythree-quartersoflargeemployerswilloffervirtualdoctorvisitsasabenefittoemployeesthisyear,upfrom48%lastyear.WebcompaniessuchasTeladocandAmericanWellareexpectedtohostsome1.2millionsuchvirtualdoctorvisitsthisyear,up20%fromlastyear,accordingtotheAmericanTelemedicineAssociation.I)Butcriticsworrythatsuchservicesmaybesacrificingqualityforconvenience.Consultingarandomdoctorpatientswillnevermeet,theysay,furtherfragmentsthehealth-caresystem,andevenminorissuessuchasupperrespiratory(上呼吸道的)infectionscan’tbethoroughlyevaluatedbyadoctorwhocan’tlistentoyourheartorfeelyourswollenglands.Inarecentstudy,researchersposingaspatientswithskinproblemssoughthelpfrom16telemedicinesites—withunsettlingresults.In62encounters,fewerthanone-thirddisclosedclinicians'credentialorletpatientschoose;only32%discussedpotentialsideeffectsofprescribedmedications.Severalsitesmisdiagnosedseriousconditions,largelybecausetheyfailedtoaskbasicfollow-upquestions,theresearcherssaid.“Telemedicineholdsenormouspromise,butthesesitesarejustnotreadyforprimetime,”saysJackResneck,thestudy'sleadauthor.J)TheAmericanTelemedicineAssociationandotherorganizationshavestartedaccreditation(鉴定)programstoidentifytop-qualitytelemedicinesites.TheAmericanMedicalAssociationthismonthapprovednewethicalguidelinesfortelemedicine,callingforparticipatingdoctorstorecognizethelimitationsofsuchservicesandensurethattheyhavesufficientinformationtomakeclinicalrecommendations.K)Whopaysfortheservices?Whileemployersandhealthplanshavebeeneagertocovervirtualurgent-carevisits,insurershavebeenfarlesswillingtopayfortelemedicinewhendoctorsusephone,emailorvideotoconsultwithexistingpatientsaboutcontinuingissues.“It'sveryhardtogetpaidunlessyouphysicallyseethepatient,”saysPeterRasmussen,medicaldirectorofdistancehealthattheClevelandClinic.Some32stateshavepassed“parity”(等同的)lawsrequiringprivateinsurerstoreimbursedoctorsforservicesdeliveredremotelyifthesameservicewouldbecoveredinperson,thoughnotnecessarilyatthesamerateorfrequency.Medicarelagsfurtherbehind.Thefederalhealthplanfortheelderlycoversasmallnumberoftelemedicineservices—onlyforbeneficiariesinruralareasandonlywhentheservicesarereceivedinahospital,doctor'sofficeorclinic.L)BillstoexpandMedicarecoverageoftelemedicinehavebipartisan(两党的)supportinCongress.Opponentsworrythatsuchexpansionwouldbecostlyfortaxpayers,butadvocatessayitwouldsavemoneyinthelongrun.M)Expertssaymorehospitalsarelikelytoinvestintelemedicinesystemsastheymoveawayfromfee-for-servicepaymentsandintomanaged-care-typecontractsthatgivethemasetfeetoprovidecareforpatientsandallowthemtokeepanysavingstheyachieve.N)Isthestate-by-stateregulatorysystemoutdated?Historically,regulationofmedicinehasbeenlefttoindividualstates.Butsomeindustrymemberscontendthathaving50differentsetsofrules,licensingfeesandevendefinitionsof“medicalpractice"makeslesssenseintheeraoftelemedicineandishamperingitsgrowth.Currently,doctorsmusthaveavalidlicenseinthestatewherethepatientislocatedtoprovidemedicalcare,whichmeansvirtual-visitcompaniescanmatchusersonlywithlocallylicensedclinicians.Italsocausesadministrativehassles(麻烦)forworld-classmedicalcentersthatattractpatientsfromacrossthecountry.AttheMayoClinic,doctorswhotreatout-of-statepatientscanfollowupwiththemviaphone,emailorwebchatswhentheyreturnhome,buttheycanonlydiscusstheconditionstheytreatedinperson.“Ifthepatientwantstotalkaboutanewproblem,thedoctorhastobelicensedinthatstatetodiscussit.Ifnot,thepatientshouldtalktohisprimary-carephysicianaboutit,”saysSteveOmmen,whorunsMayo'sConnectedCareprogram.O)Todate,17stateshavejoinedacompactthatwillallowadoctorlicensedinonememberstatetoquicklyobtainalicenseinanother.Whilewelcomingthemove,sometelemedicineadvocateswouldpreferstatestoautomaticallyhonoroneanother'slicenses,astheydowithdrivers'licenses.Butstatesaren’tlikelytosurrendercontrolofmedicalpractice,andmostareconsideringnewregulations.Thisyear,morethan200telemedicine-relatedbillshavebeenintroducedin42states,manyregardingwhatservicesMedicaidwillcoverandwhetherpayersshouldreimburseforremotepatientmonitoring.“Alotofstatesarestilltryingtodefinetelemedicine,”saysLisaRobbin,chiefadvocacyofficerfortheFederationofStateMedicalBoards.36.Anoverwhelmingmajorityoffamilyphysiciansarewillingtousetelemedicineiftheyaredulypaid.37.Manyemployersareeagertoprovidetelemedicineserviceasabenefittotheiremployeesbecauseofitsconvenience.38.Differentstateshavemarkedlydifferentregulationsfortelemedicine.39.Withtelemedicine,patientsinregionsshortofprofessionalmedicalserviceareabletoreceivebettermedicalcare.40.Unlikeemployersandhealthplans,insurershavebeenratherreluctanttopayforsometelemedicineservices.41.Somesupportersoftelemedicinehopestateswillaccepteachother'smedicalpracticelicensesasvalid.42.Thefastestgrowingareafortelemedicineservicesisforlesserhealthproblems.43.Astelemedicinespreadsquickly,someofitsopponentsdoubtwhetheritsservicequalitycanbeguaranteed.44.Theresultsobtainedbyresearcherswhopretendedtobepatientsseekinghelpfromtelemedicineprovidersaredisturbing.45.Somepeoplearguethatthefactthatdifferentstateshavedifferentregulationsconcerningmedicalserviceshindersthedevelopmentoftelemedicine.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.DanielleSteel,the71-year-oldromancenovelistisnotoriouslyproductive,havingpublished179booksatarateofuptosevenayear.ButapassingreferenceinarecentprofilebyGlamourmagazinetoher20-hourworkdayspromptedanoutpouringofadmiration.Steelhasgiventhat20-hourfigurewhendescribingher“exhausting”processinthepast:“Istartthebookanddon'tleavemydeskuntilthefirstdraftisfinished.”Shegoesfrombed,todesk,tobath,tobed,avoidingallcontactasidefromphonecallswithherninechildren.“Idon'tcombmyhairforweeks,”shesays.Mealsarebroughttoherdesk,whereshetypesuntilherfingersswellandhernailsbleed.ThebusinessnewswebsiteQuartzheldSteelupasaninspiration,writingthatifonlyweallfollowedher“actuallyextremelyliberating”exampleofindustrioussleeplessness,wewouldbequicktoseeresults.Well,indeed.Withresearchresultsshowingthecumulativeeffectsofsleeplossanditsimpactonproductivity,doubthasbeenvoicedabouttheaccuracyofSteel’sself-assessment.Heroutputmaybeundeniable,butscepticshavesuggestedthatsheisguiltyoferasingtheroleofghostwriters(代笔人)atworst,grossexaggerationatbest.Steelsaysworking20hoursadayis“prettybrutalphysically.”Butisitevenpossible?“No,”saysMaryanneTayloroftheSleepWorks.Whileyoucouldworkthatlong,theimpactonproductivitywouldmakeithardlyworthwhile.IfSteelwasroutinelysleepingforfourhoursanight,shewouldbedrasticallyunderestimatingthenegativeimpact,saysAlisonGardiner,founderofthesleepimprovementprogrammeSleepstation.“It’sakintobeingdrunk.”It’spossiblethatSteelisexaggeratingthedemandsofherschedule.Self-imposedsleeplessnesshas“becomeabitofastatussymbol”,saysTaylor,amisguidedmeasuretoprovehowpowerfulandproductiveyouare.MargaretThatcherwasalsosaidtogetbyonfourhoursanight,whilethe130-hourworkweeksenduredbytechheadshasbeenheldupaskeytotheirsuccess.Thatisstartingtochangewithincreasedawarenessoftheimportanceofsleepformentalhealth.“Peoplearestartingtorealisethatsleepshouldnotbesomethingthatyoufitinbetweeneverythingelse,”saysTaylor.Butitispossible—ifstatisticallyextremelyunlikely—thatSteelcouldbeborna“shortsleeper”withanunusualbodyclock,sayssleepexpertDr.SophieBostock.“It’sprobablypresentinfewerthan1%ofthepopulation.”EvenifSteeldoeshappentobeamongthattinyminority,saysBostock,it's“prettyirresponsible”tosuggestthat20-hourdaysaresimplyaquestionofdisciplinefortherestofus.46.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutGlamourmagazinereaders?A)TheyareintriguedbytheexoticromanceinDanielleSteel'snovels.B)TheyareamazedbythenumberofbookswrittenbyDanielleSteel.C)TheyaredeeplyimpressedbyDanielleSteel'sdailyworkschedule.D)TheyarehighlymotivatedbyDanielleSteel’sunusualproductivity.47.WhatdidthebusinessnewswebsiteQuartzsayaboutDanielleSteel?A)Shecouldserveasanexampleofindustriousness.B)Sheprovedwecouldliberateourselvesfromsleep.C)Shecouldbeaninspirationtonovelistsallovertheworld.D)Sheshowedwecouldgetallourworkdonewithoutsleep.48.WhatdoscepticsthinkofDanielleSteel'sworkscheduleclaims?A)Theyarequestionable.B)Theyarealterable.C)Theyareirresistible.D)Theyareverifiable.49.WhatdoesMaryanneTaylorthinkofself-imposedsleeplessness?A)Itmayturnouttobekeytoasuccessfulcareer.B)Itmaybepracticedonlybycertaintechheads.C)Itmaysymboliseone'simportanceandsuccess.D)Itmaywellserveasameasureofself-discipline.50.HowdoesDr.SophieBostocklookatthe20-hourdailyworkschedule?A)Oneshouldnotadoptitwithoutconsultingasleepexpert.B)Thegeneralpublicshouldnotbeencouragedtofollowit.C)Onemustbedulyself-disciplinedtoadheretoit.D)Themajoritymustadjusttheirbodyclockforit.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.OrganicagricultureisarelativelyuntappedresourceforfeedingtheEarth'spopulation,especiallyinthefaceofclimatechangeandotherglobalchallenges.That'stheconclusionIreachedinreviewing40yearsofsciencecomparingthelong-termprospectsoforganicandconventionalfarming.Thereviewstudy,“OrganicAgricultureinthe21stCentury,”isfeaturedasthecoverstoryfortheFebruaryissueofthejournalNaturePlants.ItisthefirsttocompareorganicandconventionalagricultureacrossthemaingoalsofsustainabilityidentifiedbytheNationalAcademyofSciences:productivity,economics,andenvironment.Criticshavelongarguedthatorganicagricultureisinefficient,requiringmorelandtoyieldthesameamountoffood.It'struethatorganicfarmingproducesloweryields,averaging10to20percentlessthanconventional.Advocatescontendthattheenvironmentaladvantagesoforganicagriculturefaroutweightheloweryields,andthatincreasingresearchandbreedingresourcesfororganicsystemswouldreducetheyieldgap.Sometimesexcludedfromtheseargumentsisthefactthatwealreadyproduceenoughfoodtomorethanfeedtheworld's7.4billionpeoplebutdonotprovideadequateaccesstoallindividuals.Insomecases,organicyieldscanbehigherthanconventional.Forexample,inseveredroughtconditions,whichareexpectedtoincreasewithclimatechangeinmanyareas,organicfarmscanproduceasgood,ifnotbetter,yieldsbecauseofthehigherwater-holdingcapacityoforganicallyfarmedsoils.Whatsciencedoestellusisthatmainstreamconventionalfarmingsystemshaveprovidedgrowingsuppliesoffoodandotherproductsbutoftenattheexpenseofothersustainabilitygoals.Conventionalagriculturemayproducemorefood,butitoftencomesatacosttotheenvironment.Biodiversityloss,environmentaldegradation,andsevereimpactsonecosystemserviceshavenotonlyaccompaniedconventionalfarmingsystemsbuthaveoftenextendedwellbeyondtheirfieldboundaries.Withorganicagriculture,environmentalcoststendtobelowerandthebenefitsgreater.Overall,organicfarmstendtostoremoresoilcarbon,havebettersoilquality,andreducesoilerosioncomparedtotheirconventionalcounterparts.Organicagriculturealsocreateslesssoilandwaterpollutionandlowergreenhousegasemissions.Andit’smoreenergy-efficientbecauseitdoesn'trelyonsyntheticfertilizersorpesticides.Organicagricultureisalsoassociatedwithgreaterbiodiversityofplants,animals,insectsandmicroorganismsaswellasgeneticdiversity.Biodiversityincreasestheservicesthatnatureprovidesandimprovestheabilityoffarmingsystemstoadapttochangingconditions.Despiteloweryields,organicagricultureismoreprofitableforfarmersbecauseconsumersarewillingtopaymore.Higherprices,calledpricepremiums,canbejustifiedasawaytocompensatefarmersforprovidingecosystemservicesandavoidingenvironmentaldamageorexternalcosts.51.Whatdowelearnfromtheconclusionoftheauthor'sreviewstudy?A)Moreresourcesshouldbetappedforfeedingtheworld'spopulation.B)Organicfarmingmaybeexploitedtosolvetheglobalfoodproblem.C)Thelong-termprospectsoforganicfarmingareyettobeexplored.D)Organicfarmingisatleastaspromisingasconventionalfarming.52.Whatisthecritics'argumentagainstorganicfarming?A)Itcannotmeettheneedforfood.B)Itcannotincreasefarmyields.C)Itisnotreallypractical.D)Itisnotthatproductive.53.Whatdoestheauthorthinkshouldbetakenintoaccountinarguingaboutorganicfarming?A)Growthinworldpopulation.B)Deteriorationinsoilfertility.C)Inequalityinfooddistribution.D)Advanceinfarmingtechnology.54.Whatdoessciencetellusaboutconventionalfarming?A)Itwillnotbeabletomeetglobalfooddemand.B)Itisnotconducivetosustainabledevelopment.C)Itwilleventuallygiveawaytoorganicfarming.D)Itisgoingmainstreamthroughouttheworld.55.Whydoestheauthorthinkhigherpricesoforganicfarmproducearejustifiable?A)Theygivefarmersgoingorganicabigcompetitiveedge.B)Theymotivatefarmerstoupgradefarmingtechnology.C)Organicfarmingcostsmorethanconventionalfarming.D)Organicfarmingdoeslong-termgoodtotheecosystem.PartIVTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.《水浒传》（WaterMargin）是中国文学四大经典小说之一。这部小说基于历