2001-2012考研英语一真题及答案

--/91widelyusedinsomeareasjustbecausepeopleareunwillingtochangetheiroldhabits,thuscausingtheirsurroundingstobeevenworse・Tosolvethisseriousproblem,Iwouldliketoputforwardacoupleofpracticalsuggestions.Aboveall,ourcountryshouldestablishastrongagencytolimittheproductionofthosebagsandmonitortheuseofthem.Furthermore,someotherchoicesshouldbeadovcatedtoreplaceplasticbagswithpaperorbambooones.Finally,consumersshouldpayfortheuseofplasticbagssoastoenhancetheirconsciousnessofenvironmentalprotection.Ireallyhopemysuggestionswouldattractyourdueattentionandreceiveanearlyreply.YoursSincerely,LiMing52：用网络使我们看不见的东西能听见，远隔T-I1I7J水但能联系，意思就是网络的远与近大作文是：网络的近与远一客观描述图二说明意思三给出观点【范文】Asisvividlydepictedinthedrawing,infrontofcomputersandinnarrowspacesaresittingmanypeople,exchangingtheirviewswitheachotherbysurfingtheInternet.Howimpressivethedrawingisindescribingthepeople'saddictiontotheInternet.Thedrawer'sintentionseemstobehighlyself-evidentandthemeaningcausesustobethought-provoking・ItholdsapparentthatthecartoonisindicativeofapervasiveproblemwithregardtoInternet.Whenitcomesto（——谈至lj）Internet,itsgreatimpactsandbenefitscan'tbetooestimated.ItistheInternetthatmakesourbigworldbecomeaglobalvillage.However,asagrowingnumberofindividualsareaddictedto（沉溺于）theInternet,theyforgetdoingotherimportantworkandaregraduallyindulgedin（沉溺在）thevirtualworld,unwillingtogointotherealsociety.Asaconsequence（因此），theyclosetheirdoorsandnevergooutassoonastheyreturnhomefromwork,reluctanttohaveanyface-to-faceconnectionevenwithotherfolksexceptonline.What'sworse,theybecomeindifferent（漠彳：关totheirfriends,neighbours,aswellasrelatives・Thisphenomenonisharmfultousandourcommunitytoo.Asthepressureinlifeandworkincreases,weshouldlearntouseproperwaystorelieveit.It'stimethatwetooksomemeasurestoimprovethesituation.Peoplecanbeorganizedtoholdsomeactivitiestogethertodevelopsomegoodhobbies・Consequently,wemustmakefulluseofInternettodoeverythingbeneficialtomakeourdailylifebothjoyfulandmeaningful.（272words）2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname・ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway.Heisthat2bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently3anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsome

diseasesnotthoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested・5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonlyJ_thatonegroupofhumardtyismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout・Thegroupin8areaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope・Theprocessisnaturalselection.ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,pointsabovethe丄gvalueof100,andhavecontributedtotheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,astheoftheirelites,includingseveralworld・「enownedscientists,13・Theyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,14zhavepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeentosocialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionofeducation.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)_17_ofgeneticisolation.Dr.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately18・Hisargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20stateofaffairs・1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare3.[A]of[B]with[C]in1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately[A]Only[B]SoEven[A]Only[B]SoEven[D]Hence6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk7.[A]advisessuggests[C]protests[D]objects7.[A]advisessuggests[C]protests[D]objects8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question[A]attaining[B]scoringreaching[D]calculating[A]attaining[B]scoringreaching[D]calculating[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile[A]givenup[B]gotover[C]carriedon[D]putdown

[A]assessing[B]supervising[A]development[B]origin[A]assessing[B]supervising[A]development[B]origin[A]linked[B]integrated[A]limited[B]subjected[C]administering[D]valuing[C]consequenee[D]instrument[C]woven[D]combined[C]converted[D]directed[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuousSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts・AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Whilestillcatching-uptomeninsomespheresofmodernlife,womenappeartobewayaheadinatleastoneundesirablecategory."Womenareparticularlysusceptibletodevelopingdepressionandanxietydisordersinresponsetostresscomparedtomen/accordingtoDr.Yehuda,chiefpsychiatristatNewYork'sVeterarfsAdministrationHospital.Studiesofbothanimalsandhumanshaveshownthatsexhormonessomehowaffectthestressresponse,causingfemalesunderstresstoproducemoreofthetriggerchemicalsthandomalesunderthesameconditions.Inseveralofthestudies,whenstressed-outfemaleratshadtheirovaries(thefemalereproductiveorgans)removed,theirchemicalresponsesbecameequaltothoseofthemales.Addingtoawoman'sincreaseddoseofstresschemicals,areherincreased"opportunities〃forstress."It〃snotnecessarilythatwomendorftcopeaswell・It'sjustthattheyhavesomuchmoretocopewith/saysDr.Yehuda・"Theircapacityfortoleratingstressmayevenbegreaterthanmen's/sheobserves,"it'sjustthatthey'redealingwithsomanymorethingsthattheybecomewornoutfromitmorevisiblyandsooner/'Dr.Yehudanotesanotherdifferencebetweenthesexes・"Ithinkthatthekindsofthingsthatwomenareexposedtotendtobeinmoreofachronicorrepeatednature.Mengotowarandareexposedtocombatstress・Menareexposedtomoreactsofrandomphysicalviolenee.Thekindsofinterpersonalviolencethatwomenareexposedtotendtobeindomesticsituation®by,unfortunately,parentsorotherfamilymembers,andtheytendnottobeone-shotdeals・Thewear-and-tearthatcomesfromtheselongerrelationshipscanbeqidtedevastating/'AdelineAlvarezmarriedat18andgavebirthtoason,butwasdeterminedtofinishcollege・"Istruggledalottogetthecollegedegree・Iwaslivinginsomuchfrustrationthatthatwasmyescape,togotoschool,andgetaheadanddobetter/7Later,hermarriageendedandshebecameasinglemother."It〃sthehardestthingtotakecareofateenager,haveajob,paytherent,paythecarpayment,andpaythedebt・Ilivedfrompaychecktopaycheck."NoteveryoneexperiencesthekindsofseverechronicstressesAlvarezdescribes・Butmostwomentodayarecopingwithalotofobligations,withfewbreaks,andfeelingthestrain.Alvarez'sexperiencedemonstratestheimportanceoffindingwaystodiffusestressbeforeitthreatensyourhealthandyourabilitytofunction.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs?Womenarebiologicallymorevulnerabletostress・Womenarestillsufferingmuchstresscausedbymen.Womenaremoreexperiencedthanmenincopingwithstress・Menandwomenshowdifferentinclinationswhenfacedwithstress・Dr.Yehuda'sresearchsuggeststhatwomenneedextradosesofchemicalstohandlestress・havelimitedcapacityfortoleratingstress.aremorecapableofavoidingstress・[D]areexposedtomorestress・AccordingtoParagraph4,thestresswomenconfronttendstobedomesticandtemporary.[B]irregularandviolent・[C]durableandfrequent.[D]trivialandrandom.Thesentence/zllivedfrompaychecktopaycheck•”(Line6,Para・5)showsthatAlvarezcaredaboutnothingbutmakingmoney.Alvarez'ssalarybarelycoveredherhouseholdexpenses・Alvarezgotpaychecksfromdifferentjobs・Alvarezpaidpracticallyeverythingbycheck・Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?StrainofStress:NoWayOut?[B]ResponsestoStress:GenderDifference[C]StressAnalysis:WhatChemicalsSay[D]GenderInequality:WomenUnderStressText2Itusedtobesostraightforward・Ateamofresearchersworkingtogetherinthelaboratorywouldsubm让theresultsoftheirresearchtoajournal.Ajournaleditorwouldthenremovetheauthors'namesandaffiliationsfromthepaperandsendittotheirpeersforreview・Dependingonthecommentsreceived,theeditorwouldacceptthepaperforpublicationordeclineit.Copyrightrestedwiththejournalpublisher;andresearchersseekingknowledgeoftheresultswouldhavetosubscribetothejournal.NoIonger.TheInternet一andpressurefromfundingagencies,whoarequestioningwhycommercialpublishersaremakingmoneyfromgovernment-fundedresearchbyrestrictingaccessto让一ismakingaccesstoscientificresultsareality.TheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)hasjustissuedareportdescribingthefar-reachingconsequencesofthis・Thereport,byJohnHoughtonofVictoriaUniversityinAustraliaandGrahamVickeryoftheOECD,makesheavyreadingforpublisherswhohave,sofar,madehandsomeprofits・Butitgoesfurtherthanthat.Itsignalsachangeinwhathas,untilnow,beenakeyelementofscientificendeavor.Thevalueofknowledgeandthereturnonthepublicinvestmentinresearchdepends,inpart,uponwidedistributionandreadyaccess.Itisbigbusiness・InAmerica,thecorescientificpublishingmarketisestimatedatbetween$7billionand$11billion.TheInternationalAssociationofScientific,TechnicalandMedicalPublisherssaysthattherearemorethan2,000publishersworldwidespecializinginthesesubjects・Theypublishmorethan1.2millionarticleseachyearinsome16,000journals.Thisisnowchanging・AccordingtotheOECDreport,some75%ofscholarlyjournalsarenowonline.Entirelynewbusinessmodelsareemerging;threemainoneswereidentifiedbythereport'sauthors・Thereistheso-calledbigdeal,whereinstitutionalsubscriberspayforaccesstoacollectionofonlinejournaltitlesthroughs让e-licensingagreements.Thereisopen・accesspublishing,typicallysupportedbyaskingtheauthor(orhisemployer)topayforthepapertobepublished.Finally,thereareopeaccessarchives,whereorganizationssuchasuniversitiesorinternationallaboratoriessupportinstitutional39/91repositories・Othermodelsexistthatarehybridsofthesethree,suchasdelayedopen-access,wherejournalsallowonlysubscriberstoreadapaperforthefirstsixmonths,beforemakingitfreelyavailabletoeveryonewhowishestoseeit.Allthiscouldchangethetraditionalformofthepeer-reviewprocess,atleastforthepublicationofpapers・Inthefirstparagraph,theauthordiscussesthebackgroundinformationofjournalediting.[B]thepublicationroutineoflaboratoryreports・[C]therelationsofauthorswithjournalpublishers.[D]thetraditionalprocessofjournalpublication.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheOECDreport?Itcriticizesgovernment-fundedresearch.[B]Itintroducesaneffectivemeansofpublication.[C]Itupsetsprofit-makingjournalpublishers.[D]Itbenefitsscientificresearchconsiderably.Accordingtothetext,onlinepublicationissignificantinthatitprovidesaneasieraccesstoscientificresults.[B]itbringshugeprofitstoscient币cresearchers・itemphasizesthecrucialroleofscientificknowledge・itfacilitatespublicinvestmentinscientificresearch.Withtheopen-accesspublishingmodel,theauthorofapaperisrequiredtocoverthecostofitspublication.[B]subscribetothejournalpublishingit.[C]allowotheronlinejournalstouseitfreely.[D]completethepeer-reviewbeforesubmission.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthemainideaofthetext?TheInternetisposingathreattopublishers.[B]Anewmodeofpublicationisemerging.Authorswelcomethenewchannelforpublication.Publicationisrenderedeasierbyonlineservice・Text3Intheearly1960sWiltChamberlainwasoneofonlythreeplayersintheNationalBasketballAssociation(NBA)listedatoversevenfeet.Ifhehadplayedlastseason,however,hewouldhavebeenoneof42.Thebodiesplayingmajorprofessionalsportshavechangeddramaticallyovertheyears,andmanagershavebeenmorethanwillingtoadjustteamuniformstofitthegrowingnumbersofbigger,Iongerframes・Thetrendinsports,though,maybeobscuringanunrecognizedreality:Americanshavegenerallystoppedgrowing.Thoughtypicallyabouttwoinchestallernowthan140yearsago,today'speople一especiallythoseborntofamilieswhohavelivedintheU.S.formanygenerations—apparentlyreachedtheirlimitintheearly1960s.Andtheyaren'tlikelytogetanytaller."Inthegeneralpopulationtoday,atthisgenetic,environmentallevel,wezveprettymuchgoneasfaraswecango/saysanthropologistWilliamCameronChumleaofWrightStateUniversity.InthecaseofNBAplayers,theirincreaseinheightappearstoresultfromtheincreasinglycommonpracticeofrecruitingplayersfromallovertheworld・Growth,whichrarelycontinuesbeyondtheageof20,demandscaloriesandnutrients-notably,protein一tofeedexpandingtissues・Atthestartofthe20thcentury,under-nutritionandchildhoodinfectionsgotintheway.Butasdietandhealthimproved,childrenandadolescentshave,onaverage,increasedinheightbyaboutaninchandahalfevery20years,apatternknownastheseculartrendinheight・YetaccordingtotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,averageheight一5"9"formen,5'4〃forwomen-hasn'treallychangedsince1960.Geneticallyspeaking,thereareadvantagestoavoidingsubstantialheight・Duringchildbirth,largerbabieshavemoredifficultypassingthroughthebirthcanal.Moreover,eventhoughhumanshavebeenuprightformillionsofyears,ourfeetandbackcontinuetostrugglewithbipedalpostureandcannoteasilywithstandrepeatedstrainimposedbyoversizelimbs・"Therearesomerealconstraintsthataresetbythegeneticarchitectureoftheindividualorganism/saysanthropologistWilliamLeonardofNorthwesternUniversity.Geneticmaximumscanchange,butdon'texpectthistohappensoon.ClaireC.Gordon,senioranthropologistattheArmyResearchCenterinNatick,Mass.,ensuresthat90percentoftheuniformsandworkstationsfitrecruitswithoutalteration.Shesaysthat,unlikethoseforbasketball,thelengthofmilitaryuniformshasnotchangedforsometime・Andifyouneedtopredicthumanheightinthenearfuturetodesignapieceofequipment,Gordonsaysthatbyandlarge,"youcouldusetoday'sdataandfeelfairlyconfident/WiltChamberlainiscitedasanexampletoillustratethechangeofheightofNBAplayers.showthepopularityofNBAplayersintheU.S..comparedifferentgenerationsofNBAplayers・assesstheachievementsoffamousNBAplayers・Whichofthefollowingplaysakeyroleinbodygrowthaccordingtothetext?[A]Geneticmodification.[B]Naturalenvironment・[C]Livingstandards・[D]Dailyexercise・Onwhichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?Non-Americansaddtotheaverageheightofthenation.Humanheightisconditionedbytheuprightposture・Americansarethetallestonaverageintheworld・Largerbabiestendtobecometallerinadulthood・Welearnfromthelastparagraphthatinthenearfuturethegarmentindustrywillreconsidertheuniformsize・thedesignofmilitaryuniformswillremainunchanged.genetictestingwillbeemployedinselectingsportsmen.theexistingdataofhumanheightwillstillbeapplicable・Thetextintendstotellusthatthechangeofhumanheightfollowsacyclicpattern.humanheightisbecomingevenmorepredictable・Americanshavereachedtheirgeneticgrowthlimit.thegeneticpatternofAmericanshasaltered・Text4In1784,fiveyearsbeforehebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates,GeorgeWashington,52,wasnearlytoothless.Sohehiredadentisttotransplantnineteethintohisjaw一havingextractedthemfromthemouthsofhisslaves・That'safardifferentimagefromthecherry-tree-choppingGeorgemostpeoplerememberfromtheirhistorybooks・Butrecently,manyhistorianshavebeguntofocusontherolesslaveryplayedinthelivesofthefoundinggeneration.TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechildwithhisslaveSallyHemings・Andonlyoverthepast30yearshavescholarsexaminedhistoryfromthebottomup.Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation'searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry'sinfancy.Moresignificantly,theyarguethatmanyoftheFoundingFathersknewslaverywaswrong一andyetmostdidlittletofightit.Morethananything,thehistorianssay,thefounderswerehamperedbythecultureoftheirtime.WhileWashingtonandJeffersonprivatelyexpresseddistasteforslavery,theyalsounderstoodthatitwaspartofthepoliticalandeconomicbedrockofthecountrytheyhelpedtocreate.Foronething,theSouthcouldnotaffordtopartwithitsslaves・Owningslaveswas"likehavingalargebankaccount/saysWiencek,authorotAnImperfectGod:GeorgeWashington,HisSlaves,andtheCreationofAmerica.ThesouthernstateswouldnothavesignedtheConstitutionwithoutprotectionsforthe''peculiarinstitution/includingaclausethatcountedaslaveasthreefifthsofamanforpurposesofcongressionalrepresentation.Andthestatesmen'spoliticallivesdependedonslavery.Thethree-fifthsformulahandedJeffersonhisnarrowvictoryinthepresidentialelectionof1800byinflatingthevotesofthesouthernstatesintheElectoralCollege・Onceinoffice,JeffersonextendedslaverywiththeLouisianaPurchasein1803;thenewlandwascarvedinto13states,includingthreeslavestates・Still,JeffersonfreedHemings'schildren一thoughnotHemingsherselforhisapproximately150otherslaves・Washington,whohadbeguntobelievethatallmenwerecreatedequalafterobservingthebraveryoftheblacksoldiersduringtheRevolutionaryWar,overcamethestrongoppositionofhisrelativestogranthisslavestheirfreedominhiswill.Onlyadecadeearlier,suchanactwouldhaverequiredlegislativeapprovalinVirginia.GeorgeWashingtorfsdentalsurgeryismentionedtoshowtheprimitivemedicalpracticeinthepast.demonstratethecrueltyofslaveryinhisdays・stresstheroleofslavesintheU.S.history.[D]revealsomeunknownaspectofhislife.WemayinferfromthesecondparagraphthatDNAtechnologyhasbeenwidelyappliedtohistoryresearch・initsearlydaystheU.S.wasconfrontedwithdelicatesituations.historiansdeliberatelymadeupsomestoriesofJefferson'slife.politicalcompromisesareeasilyfoundthroughouttheU.S.history.WhatdowelearnaboutThomasJefferson?Hispoliticalviewchangedhisattitudetowardsslavery.Hisstatusasafathermadehimfreethechildslaves・Hisattitudetowardsslaverywascomplex.[D]Hisaffairwithaslavestainedhisprestige.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?SomeFoundingFathersbenefitpoliticallyfromslavery.Slavesintheolddaysdidnothavetherighttovote・Slaveownersusuallyhadlargesavingsaccounts.Slaverywasregardedasapeculiarinstitution.Washington'sdecisiontofreeslavesoriginatedfromhis[A]moralconsiderations.[B]militaryexperience.[C]financialconditions・[D]politicalstand.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved・ForQuestions41—45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks・Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thetimeforsharpeningpencils,arrangingyourdesk,anddoingalmostanythingelseinsteadofwritinghasended.Thefirstdraftwillappearonthepageonlyifyoustopavoidingtheinevitableandsit,standup,orliedowntowrite・(41)Beflexible.Youroutlineshouldsmoothlyconductyoufromonepointtothenext,butdonotpermitittorailroadyou.Ifarelevantandimportantideaoccurstoyounow,workitintothedraft.(42)Grammar,punctuation,andspellingcanwa让untilyourevise・Concentrateonwhatyouaresaying.Goodwritingmostoftenoccurswhenyouareinhotpursuitofanidearatherthaninanervoussearchforerrors・(43)Yourpageswillbeeasiertokeeptrackofthatway,and,ifyouhavetoclipaparagraphtoplaceitelsewhere,youwillnotloseanywritingontheotherside・Ifyouareworkingonawordprocessor,youcantakeadvantageofitscapacitytomakeadditionsanddeletionsaswellasmoveentireparagraphsbymakingjustafewsimplekeyboardcommands.Somesoftwareprogramscanalsocheckspellingandcertaingrammaticalelementsinyourwriting・(44)Theseprintoutsarealsoeasiertoreadthanthescreenwhenyouworkonrevisions・Onceyouhaveafirstdraftonpaper,youcandeletematerialthatisunrelatedtoyourthesisandaddmaterialnecessarytoillustrateyourpointsandmakeyourpaperconvincing・Thestudentwhowrote"TheA&PasaStateofMind"wiselydroppedaparagraphthatquestionedwhetherSammydisplayschauvinisticattitudestowardwomen.(45)Rememberthatyourinitialdraftisonlythat・Youshouldgothroughthepapermanytimes一andthenagain—workingtosubstantiateandclarifyyourideas・Youmayevenendupwithseveralentireversionsofthepaper.Rewrite・Thesentenceswithineachparagraphshouldberelatedtoasingletopic.Transitionsshouldconnectoneparagraphtothenextsothattherearenoabruptorconfusingshifts・Awkwardorwordyphrasingorunclearsentencesandparagraphsshouldbemercilesslypokedandproddedintoshape・Tomakerevisingeasier;leavewidemarginsandextraspacebetweenlinessothatyoucaneasilyaddwords,sentences,andcorrections.Writeononlyonesideofthepaper.Afteryouhaveclearlyandadequatelydevelopedthebodyofyourpaper,payparticularattentiontotheintroductoryandconcludingparagraphs・lt〃sprobablybesttowritetheintroductionlast,afteryouknowpreciselywhatyouareintroducing.Concludingparagraphsdemandequalattentionbecausetheyleavethereaderw让hafinalimpression.It'sworthremembering,however,thatthoughacleancopyfreshoffaprintermaylookterrific,itwillreadonlyaswellasthethinkingandwritingthathavegoneintoit.Manywritersprudentlystoretheirdataondisksandprinttheirpageseachtimetheyfinishadrafttoavoidlosinganymaterialbecauseofpowerfailuresorotherproblems・Itmakesnodifferencehowyouwrite,justsoyoudo.Nowthatyouhavedevelopedatopicintoatentativethesis,youcanassembleyournotesandbegintofleshoutwhateveroutlineyouhavemade・Althoughthisisaninterestingissue,ithasnothingtodowiththethesis,whichexplainshowthesettinginfluencesSammy'sdecisiontoqu让hisjob・Insteadofineludingthatparagraph,sheaddedonethatdescribedLengeKscrabbedresponsetothegirlssothatshecouldleaduptotheA&P"policy"heenforces・Inthefinalparagraphaboutthesigrdficanceofthesettingin"A&匕〃thestudentbringstogetherthereasonsSammyquithisjobbyreferringtohisrefusaltoacceptLengel'sstorepolicies.Byusingthefirstdraftasameansofthinkingaboutwhatyouwanttosay,youwillverylikelydiscovermorethanyournotesoriginallysuggested.Plentyofgoodwritersdon'tuseoutlinesatallbutdiscoverorderingprinciplesastheywrite.Donotattempttocomposeaperfectlycorrectdraftthefirsttimearound.PartCDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese・YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Inhisautobiography,Darwinhimselfspeaksofhisintellectualpowerswithextraordinarymodesty.Hepointsoutthathealwaysexperiencedmuchdifficultyinexpressinghimselfclearlyandconcisely,but(46)hebelievesthatthisverydifficultymayhavehadthecompensatingadvantageoffo「cinghimtothinklongandintentlyabouteverysentence,andthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsinreasoningandinhisownobservations.Hedisclaimedthepossessionofanygreatquicknessofapprehensionorw让/suchasdistinguishedHuxley.(47)Heasserted,also,thathispowertofollowalongandpurelyabstracttrainofthoughtwasverylimited,forwhichreasonhefeltcertainthathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.Hismemory,too,hedescribedasextensive,buthazy.Sopoorinonesensewasitthathenevercouldrememberformorethanafewdaysasingledateoralineofpoetry.(48)Ontheotherhand,hedidnotacceptaswellfoundedthechargemadebysomeofhiscriticsthat,whilehewasagoodobserver;hehadnopowerofreasoning.This,hethought,couldnotbetrue,becausethe"OriginofSpecies"isonelongargumentfromthebeginningtotheend,andhasconvincedmanyablemen.Noone,hesubm让s,couldhavewrittenitwithoutpossessingsomepowerofreasoning.Hewaswillingtoassertthat"Ihaveafairshareofinvention,andofcommonsenseorjudgment,suchaseveryfairlysuccessfullawyerordoctormusthave,butnot,Ibelieve,inanyhigherdegree/'(49)Headdshumblvthatperhapshewas"superiortothecommonrunofmeninnoticingthingswhicheasilyescapeattention,andinobservingthemcarefully."Writinginthelastyearofhislife,heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthreerespectshismindhadchangedduringtheprecedingtwentyorthirtyyears・Uptotheageofthirtyorbeyonditpoetryofmanykindsgavehimgreatpleasure・Formerly,too,pictureshadgivenhimconsiderable,andmusicverygreat,delight.In1881,however,hesaid:"NowformanyyearsIcannotenduretoreadalineofpoetry.Ihavealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusic."(50)Darwinwasconvincedthatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmightpossiblybeinjurioustotheintellect,andmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.SectionIIIWritingPartADirections:YouhavejustcomebackfromCanadaandfoundamusicCDinyourluggagethatyouforgottoreturntoBob,yourlandlordthere.Writehimalettertomakeanapology,andsuggestasolution・Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use"LiMing"instead・Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartBDirections:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing・Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethedrawingbriefly,explainitsintendedmeaning,andthengiveyourcomments・YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)应用文范文DearBob,Iamwritingtoexpressmyapologytoyou.Severaldaysago,IborrowedyourmusicCDwhenIlivedinyourhouse・Unfortunately,afterIcamebackfromCanada,Ifounditinmyluggage・IwasinsuchahurrythatIforgottoreturnittoyou.Iwillsendittoyoubypostorexpressassoonaspossible・Ifnecessary,Iwillcompensateforanytroublesitmaycause.Onceagain,Ifeelsosorryforanyinconvenieneecaused・Pleaseacceptmyapologies・Sincerelyyours,LiMing大作文范文Asisillustratedinthepicture,thetwodisabledpersonswhosecrippledlegsareboundtogetherdoalotoftraveling・Accordingly,thisfar-reachingpicturereflectsacommonphenomenonintoday'ssociety:thepeoplewhoareinthedarkwanttoturnthecornerbuttheycannotmakeitrespectivelyandinturntheyhavetochoosetopulltogetherintimesoftrouble.Thereareseveralreasonsaccountingforthis.Sincewehavetoliveinanon-the-movelifestyle,wemayencountervariousplights,wherewewouldbeatalossratherthantoseekforothers'assistanee.Furthermore,讦wedonotofferhelptoeachotherwhenweconfrontdilemma,wewouldnotrealizeourdream・AndnoissueinChinaisasbasictobuildupthesocietyinharmonyastoconductcoordinationinfaceofdisasters・Judgingfromwhathavebeenarguedabove,peoplehavecometorealizethevalueofmutualaid.Itis,therefore,necessarythatsomeeffectivestepsbemadetoadvocatespiritofsupport!ngeachother.Tobeginwith,thegovernmentshouldmakelawstoencouragepeopletounite.Inaddition,peopleshouldenhancetheawarenessofcaringeachotherespeciallywhentheyareintrouble.Onlyinthoseways,canwemakepeople,evennotbeingacquaintanee,helpeachother.2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]oronANSWERSHEET1.(10points)By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations・Theroughly20million丄ofthesenationslookedtothefuture・BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence3theidealsofrepresentativegovernment,careers4totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,thetoprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.§therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbyaZsetoflaws.Ontheissueof§ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,therewaslessagreement_10^theleadership・RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyonebytheSpanishcrown.12mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendtheofotherfaiths・ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallyingfortheconservativeforces・Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated・By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain's_17_colonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuchbecausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies19・Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[D]individuals[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[D]hopefully[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously[D]Generally[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[D]typical[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[D]reform[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[D]funded[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D