世界人口展望2022-联合国

2022DepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairsonDivisionnsUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,PopulationDivisionTheDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairsoftheUnitedNationsSecretariatisavitalinterfacebetweenglobalpoliciesintheeconomic,socialandenvironmentalspheresandnationalaction.TheDepartmentworksinthreemaininterlinkedareas:(i)itcompiles,generatesandanalysesawiderangeofeconomic,socialandenvironmentaldataandinformationonwhichStatesMembersoftheUnitedNationsdrawtoreviewcommonproblemsandtakestockofpolicyoptions;(ii)itfacilitatesthenegotiationsofMemberStatesinmanyintergovernmentalbodiesonjointcoursesofactiontoingglobalchallengesandiiiitadvisesinterestedGovernmentsonthewaysandmeansoftranslatingpolicyframeworksdevelopedinUnitedNationsconferencesandsummitsintosThePopulationDivisionoftheDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairsprovidestheinternationaloutcomesforallcountriesandareasoftheworld.Tothisend,theDivisionundertakesregularstudiesofpopulationsizeandcharacteristicsandofallthreecomponentsofpopulationchange(fertility,mortalityandmigration).Foundedin1946,thePopulationDivisionprovidessubstantivesupportonpopulationanddevelopmentissuestotheUnitedNationsGeneralAssembly,theEconomicandSocialCouncilandandDevelopmentItalsoleadsorparticipatesinvariousinteragencyUnitedNationssystemTheworkoftheDivisionalsocontributestostrengtheningthecapacityofMemberStatestomonitorpopulationtrendsandtoaddresscurrentandSuggestedcitationUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,PopulationDivision(2022).WorldPopulationProspectsSummaryofResultsUNDESAPOPTRNO.3.entofonsNewYorkUSAbyFaxorbyemailatCopyrightinformationFrontcover:“SingaporeManagementUniversityStudentsAttendSecretary-GeneralLecture”UNPhoto/EskinderDebebe-Lecture.Backcover:“SchoolOpensinWeaponsFreeZoneEastofUNMISS”UNPhoto/AmandaVoisard.nitedNationsPublicationSalesNo.:E.22.XIII.3creativecommonsorglicensesbyigoAcknowledgementsThisreportwaspreparedbyVictorGaigbe-Togbe,LinaBassarsky,DananGu,ThomasSpoorenbergandovZeifmanTheauthorswishtothankJohnWilmothBelaHovyandStephenKisambiraforreviewingthedraft.TheWorldPopulationProspects2022datawerepreparedbyateamledbyPatrickGerland,includingGuiomarBay,HelenaCruzCastanheira,GiuliaGonnella,DananGu,SaraHertog,YumikoKamiya,VladimíraKantorová,PabloLattes,KyawKyawLay,FrançoisPelletier,JoséH.C.MonteirodaSilva,IgorRibeiro,ThomasSpoorenberg,MarkWheldon,IvánWilliamsandLubovZeifman,withtheassistanceofGabrielBorges,DennisButler,RafaellaCarnevali,FengqingChao,JorgeCimentada,SamClark,CamilleDorion,BrianHoule,PeterJohnson,ShelmithKariuki,SabuKunju,NanLi,PeiranLiu,JonathanMuir,MaríliaNepomuceno,MariusPascariu,AdrianRaftery,MarianaUrbinaRamirez,TimakerandHanaevkovTheteamisgratefultoothercolleaguesinthePopulationprovidedaswellascolleaguesfromtheLatinAmericanandCaribbeanDemographicCentre,PopulationDivisionoftheUnitedNationsEconomicCommissionforLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(ECLAC),theDemographicStatisticsSectionoftheStatisticsDivisionoftheUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,andtheteamsoftheUnitedNationsInter-AgencyGroupforChildMortalityEstimation(UNIGME)andtheWHO-UNDESATechnicalAdvisoryGrouponCOVIDMortalityAssessmentfortheirinputsandcontinuoussupport.ngisContentsKeymessages iIntroduction 1I.Acenturyofworldpopulationtrends:1950to2050 3II.Trendsinfertility,mortalityandinternationalmigration 13III.Long-rangepopulationprojectionsto2100 27Annex:What’snewinthe2022revision? 35References 37Notesonregions,developmentgroups,countriesorareasorycityorareaorofitsauthoritiesorconcerningthedelimitationofitsfrontiersorInthispublication,dataforcountriesandareashavebeenaggregatedinsixcontinentalregions:Africa,Asia,Europe,LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,NorthernAmerica,andOceania.FurtherinformationonhavealsobeengroupedintogeographicregionsbasedontheclassificationbeingusedtotrackprogressinachievingtheSustainableDevelopmentGoalsoftheUnitedNations(see:/sdgs/orsregionalgroupsbyaparticularcountryorarea.MoredevelopedregionscompriseallcountriesandareasofEuropeandNorthernAmerica,plusAustralia,NewZealandandJapan.LessdevelopedregionscompriseallcountriesandareasofAfrica,Asia(excludingJapan),LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,andOceania(excludingAustraliaandNewZealand).Thegroupofleastdevelopedcountries(LDCs)includes46countries,locatedinsub-SaharanAfrica(32),NorthernAfricaandWesternAsia(2),CentralandSouthernAsia(4),EasternandSouth-EasternAsia(4),LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(1),andOceania(3).Furtherinformationisavailableathttp://unohrlls.Thegroupoflandlockeddevelopingcountries(LLDCs)includes32countriesorterritories,locatedinsub-SaharanAfrica(16),NorthernAfricaandWesternAsia(2),CentralandSouthernAsia(8),EasternandSouth-EasternAsia(2),LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(2),andEuropeandNorthernAmerica(2).ThegroupofsmallislanddevelopingStates(SIDS)includes58countriesorterritories,locatedintheCaribbean(29),thePacific(20),andtheAtlantic,IndianOcean,MediterraneanandSouthChinaSealeathttpunohrllsorgaboutsidsasreportedbytheWorldBank(2022).Theseincomegroupsarenotavailableforallcountriesandareas.world-bank-country-and-lending-groups.AIDSAPIARTASFRCOVID-19CRVSECLACGDPHIVICPDIHMEISCEDJRCLDCsLLDCOECDPESPPPSDGsSIDSSSPsTFRUNDESAUNIGMEUNESCOUNHCRUNICEFWHODefinitionofacronymsApplicationProgrammingInterfaceeEconomicCommissionforLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanhumanimmunodeficiencyvirusssificationofEducationOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopmentysUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairsUnitedNationsInter-AgencyGroupforChildMortalityEstimationUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationUnitedNationsHighCommissionerforRefugeesitedNationsChildrensFundWorldHealthOrganizationWorldPopulationProspects2022:SummaryofResultsiKeymessagesbillionndbillionin•Populationgrowthiscausedinpartbydeclininglevelsofmortality,asreflectedinincreasedlevelsoflifeeFurtherreductionsinmortalityareprojectedtoresultinanaveragelongevityofaround77.2yearsgloballyinyAfemalesurvivaladvantageisobservedinallregionsandingfromyearsinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbeantoyearsinAustraliaandNewZealand•Followingadropinmortality,populationgrowthcontinuessolongasfertilityremainsathighlevels.WhenionsbyGovernmentsaimedatreducingfertilitywoulddolittletoslowthepaceofgrowthbetweennowandmid-tiveimpactofsuchchangescouldcontributetoamoresubstantialreductionofglobalpopulationgrowthinthedevelopment.Thenecessityofeducatinggrowingnumbersofchildrenandyoungpeople,forexample,draws•Forcountrieswithcontinuinghighlevelsoffertility,achievingtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs),Ratesofpopulationgrowthvarysignificantlyacrosscountriesandregions(29percentoftheglobalpopulation),andCentralandSouthernAsiawith2.1billion(26percent).Chinaand•Morethanhalfoftheprojectedincreaseinglobalpopulationupto2050willbeconcentratedinjusteightcountries:theDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo,Egypt,Ethiopia,India,Nigeria,Pakistan,thePhilippinesandsamongtheworldslargestcountrieswillreordertheirrankingbysize.UnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,PopulationDivisioniiWorldPopulationProspects2022:SummaryofResults•WhereasthepopulationsofAustraliaandNewZealand,NorthernAfricaandWesternAsia,andOceaniaandtheCaribbean,andEuropeandNorthernAmericaareprojectedtoreachtheirpeaksizeandtobegintodcountriesLDCsareamongtheworldsfastestgrowingManyareprojectedtodoubleinpopulationbetween2022and2050,puttingadditionalpressureonresourcesandposingchallengestotheGs•Formanycountriesandareas,includingsomesmallislanddevelopingStates(SIDS),thechallengesposedbyLevelsandpatternsoffertilityandmortalityvarywidelyaroundtheworldlictortothecontinuingimpactofthehumanimmunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)epidemic.•In2021,fertilitylevelshighenoughtosustainpositivepopulationgrowthwerefoundinsub-SaharanAfricaaliaandNewZealandNorthernAfricaandWesternAsia(2.8),andCentralandSouthernAsia(2.3).•Somecountries,includingseveralinsub-SaharanAfricaandinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,continuetoofboththeyoungmothersandtheirchildren.In2021,13.3millionbabies,orabout10percentofthetotalpopulationofolderpersonsisincreasingbothinnumbersandasashareofthetotalonsGlobally,womencomprised55.7percentofpersonsaged65orolderin2022,andtheirshareisprojectedtoeingpopulationsshouldtakestepstoadaptpublicprogrammestothegrowingproportionofAsustaineddropinfertilityleadstoanincreasedconcentrationofthepopulationatworkingages,creatingceleratedeconomicgrowthpercapitas•Tomaximizethepotentialbenefitsofafavourableagedistribution,countriesneedtoinvestinthefurtherdevelopmentoftheirhumancapitalbyensuringaccesstohealthcareandqualityeducationatallagesandbytiondeclineUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,PopulationDivisionWorldPopulationProspects2022:SummaryofResultsiiilationpulationwithlowmortalityInternationalmigrationishavingimportantimpactsonpopulationtrendsforsomecountries•Forhigh-incomecountriesbetween2000and2020,thecontributionofinternationalmigrationtopopulationxtfewdecades,migrationwillbethesoledriverofpopulationgrowthinhigh-incomecountries.Bycontrast,fortheforeseeablefuturepopulationincreaseinlowincomeandlowermiddleincomecountrieswillcontinuetobeeachof17ofthem,thenetinflowoverthisperiodexceeded1millionpeople.Forseveralofthetopreceivingcountries,includingJordan,LebanonandTürkiye,highlevelsofimmigrationinthisperiodweredrivenmostlyticularfromSyrianArabRepublic•For10countries,theestimatednetoutflowofmigrantsexceeded1millionovertheperiodfrom2010through2021.Inmanyofthesecountries,theoutflowswereduetotemporarylabourmovements,suchasforPakistan(netflowof-16.5million),India(-3.5million),Bangladesh(-2.9million),Nepal(-1.6million)andSriLanka(-1.0million).Inothercountries,includingSyrianArabRepublic(-4.6million),Venezuela(BolivarianRepublicof)(-4.8million)andMyanmar(-1.0million),insecurityandconflictdrovetheoutflowofmigrantsoverthisperiod.untrieswhetherexperiencingnetinflowsoroutflowsofmigrantsshouldtakestepstofacilitateorderlyTheCOVID-19pandemichasaffectedallcomponentsofpopulationchange,includingfertility,mortalityandmigrationcoronavirusdisease(COVID-19)pandemic.•Thepandemic’simpactonlifeexpectancyhasvariedacrossregionsandcountries.InCentralandSouthernAsiaandinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean,lifeexpectancyatbirthfellbyalmostthreeyearsbetween2019and2021.Bycontrast,thecombinedpopulationofAustraliaandNewZealandgained1.2yearsduetolowermortalityrisksduringthepandemicforsomecausesofdeath.Insomecountries,thepandemichasbeenresponsibleforasignificantreductioninlifeexpectancyatbirth.ForBolivia(PlurinationalStateof),Botswana,Lebanon,Mexico,OmanandtheRussianFederation,estimatesoflifeexpectancyatbirthdeclinedbymorethan4yearsbetween2019and2021.•AvailableevidenceabouttheeffectoftheCOVID-19pandemiconfertilitylevelsremainsmixed.Inlow-andmandforcontraceptionaswellasreportednumbersofPopulationdataprovidecriticalinformationforuseindevelopmentplanningdataincludingthroughcivilregistrationandvitalstatisticssystemspopulationcensuses,populationregistersideCountriesanddevelopmentpartnersshouldgiveprioritytotheongoing2020roundofnationalpopulationcensuses,assuchdataprovidecriticalinformationtoinformdevelopmentplanningandtoassessprogresstowardstheachievementoftheSDGs.UnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,PopulationDivision““WaterforPeace”UNPhoto/HarandaneDickoWorldPopulationProspects2022:SummaryofResults1IntroductionActionoftheInternationalConferenceonPopulationandDevelopment(ICPD)adoptedinCairoin1994.gandtochallengescanbeaddressedinpartbyrespondingtofuturedemographictrendsandincorporatingthatinformationintopoliciesandplanning.sedbythecoronavirusdiseaseCOVIDpandemicTheUNDESATechnicalAdvisoryGroupforCOVIDMortalityAssessment3wasestablishedtomeasurethetextofclimatechangeandotherglobalenvironmentalchallengesthathaveadirectimpactonsustainabledevelopmentThegrowthofthepopulationitselfmaynotbethedirectcauseofenvironmentaldamage;itmayneverthelessexacerbatetheproblemoracceleratethetimingofitsemergence,dependingontheandyoungpeople.Countrieswhereadeclineinfertilityiscreatinganopportunityforademographicdividendneedtoinvestinhumancapitalbyensuringaccesstohealthcareandqualityeducationatallagesandopportunitiesforproductiveemployment.Countrieswithageingpopulationsshouldtakestepstoadaptpublicprogrammestothegrowingproportionofolderpersons.Allcountriesshouldtakestepstofacilitatemigrationinlinewithtarget10.7oftheSDGsandtheGlobalCompactforSafe,Orderlyandhttpswhointdatatechnicaladvisorygroupcovidmortalityassessmentmembership.UnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,PopulationDivision2WorldPopulationProspects2022:SummaryofResultsRegularMigration.4Whereasallcountriesshouldtakeactionstotackleclimatechangeandprotectthethehighest—bearthegreatestresponsibilityforimplementingstrategiestodecouplehumaneconomicCOVIDpandemicPartthreeprovidesanoverviewofpopulationtrendsuntil0andtheirpotentialimplications.UnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,PopulationDivisionWorldPopulationProspects2022:SummaryofResults3I.Acenturyofworldpopulationtrends:1950to2050ttookaroundyearssinceforhumannumberstodouble,surpassing5billioninhabitantsin1987.Thereafter,itisestimatedthatmorethan70yearswillberequiredfortheglobalpopulationtodoubleagain,risingtoover10billionby2059(PartIII).fthiscenturyPartIIITheglobalpopulationcouldgrowtoaround8.5billionin2030,andadd1.18billioninthefollowingtwodecades,reaching9.7billionGlobalpopulationsizeandannualgrowthrate:estimates,1950-2022,andmediumscenariowith95percentpredictionintervals,2022-2050Givenitsrelianceonassumptionsatthecountrylevelaboutthetwocomponentsofglobalpopulationgrowth—fertilityandmortality—theprojectionoftheglobalpopulationisinherentlyuncertain,andittypicallybecomesmoreuncertainovertime(boxIII.1).However,thesizeoftheworldpopulationinthefewdecadesarelargelytheresultofdemographicprocessesthathavealreadytakenplaceintherecentpast.Inparticular,mostofthewomenwhoseoffspringwillcontributetothepopulationgrowththrough2050arealreadyalive.ThepredictionintervalsshowninfigureI.1reflectthespreadinthedistributionofthesimulatedpopulationtrajectoriesandthusprovideanassessmentofthemagnitudeoftheuncertaintyinherentinthemediumscenario.UnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,PopulationDivision4WorldPopulationProspects2022:SummaryofResultsTheglobalpopulationisstillgrowing,albeitatareducedrate.Somecountriesandregionscontinuetonsizerepresenting29percentoftheglobalpopulation,andCentralandSouthernAsia,with2.1billion(26perFigureIPopulationestimates,1950-2022,andprojectionswith95percentpredictionintervals,2022-2050,byregioneinsizein2022,withmorethan1.1and1.2billionpeoplerespectively.However,thesetworegionshavereachedsuchpopulationsizeasaresultofverydifferentgrowthtrajectoriessincethemid-20thcentury.sSinceUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,PopulationDivisionWorldPopulationProspects2022:SummaryofResults5Populationoftheworld,SDGregionsandselectedgroupsofcountries,2022,2030and2050accordingtothemediumscenarioRegionPopulation(inmillions)20094hernAsia754875SouthEasternAsia427217icaandtheCaribbeanAustraliaNewZealandiarthernAmericaeastdevelopedcountriesandlockeddevelopingcountrieslanddevelopingStatesexcludingAustraliaandNewZealandthepopulationofOceania(excludingAustraliaandNewZealand)reachedcloseto13.6millionin2022,whilethepopulationofAustraliaandNewZealandcombinedgrewfrom9.9to31.2millionfrom1950toodayCentralandSouthernAsiaisexpectedtobecomethemostpopulousregionintheworldby2037astheasternAsiacouldstartdecliningbythemidsBetween2022and2050,thepopulationofsub-SaharanAfricaisexpectedtoalmostdouble,surpassing2billioninhabitantsbythelate2040s.Withaveragefertilitylevelsremainingcloseto3birthsperwomanin2050,sub-SaharanAfricaisprojectedtoaccountformorethanhalfofthegrowthoftheworld’spopulationbetween2022and2050.In2022,thesizeofthepopulationinthisregionwasgrowingatanannualrateof2.5percent,thehighestamongalleightregionsormorethanthreetimestheglobalaverageof0.8percentperyear.EuropeandNorthernAmericaisprojectedtoreachitspeakpopulationsizeandtobeginexperiencingcountryin2023(figureI.3).UnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,PopulationDivision6WorldPopulationProspects2022:SummaryofResultsFigureIRankingsoftheworld’stenmostpopulouscountries,1990and2022,andmediumscenario,2050(numbersinparenthesesrefertototalpopulationinmillions)Note:Thefiguredepictsonlythosecountrieswhichareamongthetenmostpopulouscountriesin1990,2022or2050.Abluearrowdagreenarrowindicatesthercountriesareshowningreythatleasthalfamillionpopulationthelargestrelativereductionsinpopulationsizeniasearlyasgureonsequenceofaprocessknownasandloweraveragenumberofbirthsperwoman.Thetransitionoftenunfoldsinaseriesofstages,duringinthedistributionofthepopulationbyagewithagradualincreaseintheshareofolderpopulation.DuertilityintheintermediatestageofthetransitiontherelativesizeofsuccessivebirthporarilyrelativetothecombinedUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,PopulationDivisionWorldPopulationProspects2022:SummaryofResults7ographicdividendDuringthisphaseoveralldependencyratiosfallmakingmoreresourcesetcInmanycountriesintheadvancedstagesofthedemographictransition,thisdemographicwindowofopportunityhasalreadyclosed.Countriesthatarestillatanearlystageofthedemographictransition,however,haveanopportunitytomaximizethebenefitsofthedividendbyinvestinginhumancapitalOftheeightworldregions,EasternandSouth-EasternAsia,EuropeandNorthernAmerica,Australiaandctivelyeverduetoadvancedpopulationageingthepercentageofpersonsofworkingagehasstabilizedortime.InCentralandSouthernAsiaandinNorthernAfricaandWesternAsia,thepopulationofworkingbywhereasinOceaniaexcludingAustraliaandNewZealandandmeinInthereweremillionpeopleagedyearsoroverglobally3timesmorethanthesizein1980(258million).Theolderpopulationisprojectedtoreach994millionby2030and1.6billionby2050.Asaresult,by2050therewillbemorethantwiceasmanypersonsaged65orolderthanchildrenunder5globally,whereasthenumberofpersonsaged65yearsorovergloballywillbealmostthesameasthecountriespleareagedorovertableITheproportionofandNorthernAmericahadthelargestproportionofolderpopulationin2022,withalmost19percentisexpectedtodoublefromaround13percentin2022to26percentin2050.Sub-SaharanAfrica,whichUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,PopulationDivision8WorldPopulationProspects2022:SummaryofResultsleIPercentageofpopulationaged65yearsoroverfortheworld,SDGregions,andselectedgroupsofcountries,2022,2030and2050,accordingtothemediumscenarioRegion2007hernAsiaSouthEasternAsia7icaandtheCaribbeanAustraliaNewZealand7iarthernAmerica09eastdevelopedcountries1Landlockeddevelopingcountries(LLDC)1islanddevelopingStatesSIDSgAustraliaandNewZealandBetween2022and2050,theolderpopulationisprojectedtogrowatratesabove3percentperyearinNorthernAfricaandWesternAsia,sub-SaharanAfrica,Oceania(excludingAustraliaandNewZealand)andCentralandSouthernAsia.Despitethisrapidgrowth,theseregionsareprojectedtohaverelativelysmallproportionsofolderpeoplein2050:13percentinNorthernAfricaandWesternAsiaandCentralandSouthernAsiaand5and8percentinsub-SaharanAfricaandOceania(excludingAustraliaandNewZealand),respectively.Countrieswithageingpopulationsshouldtakestepstoadaptpublicprogrammestothegrowingproportionofolderpersons,includingsoundsocialsecurityandpensionsystems,the(excludingAustraliaandNewZealand)(50.6percent)andthehighestinEuropeandNorthernAmericanAsiaand57percentinOceania(excludingAustraliaandNewZealand).Thecurrentagedistributionofapopulationhasamajorimpactonfuturepopulationtrendsduetoaphenomenonknownas“populationmomentum”.Therelativeyouthfulnessoftoday’sglobalpopulationadesthecurrentagedistributionoftheglobalpopulation(UnitedNations2021a).Overalongertimeperiod,nBecauseofcontinuedelevatedlevelsoffertilityinsub-SaharanAfrica,theimpactofmomentumontheUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,PopulationDivisionWorldPopulationProspects2022:SummaryofResults9decline.Duetoitsadvancedprocessofdemographicageing,Europe,wherefertilityhasbeenbelowtheementlevelsincethelatesistheonlyregionwheremomentumisexpectedtocontributetoLinkagesbetweenpopulationtrendsandselectedSustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)patingthenatureandconsequencesofmajorpopulationshiftsbeforeandwhiletheyoccurandadoptingforward-nRapidgrowthofacountry’spopulationcanexacerbatethechallengeoferadicatingpoverty(SDG1),acewithpopulationgrowth,povertycandepriveindividualsofopportunitiesandchoices,limitingtheirabilitytocontroltheirfertility,perpetuatinghighlevelsofchildbearingoftenstartingearlyinlifeandensuringtheargenumbersofpeopleoutofpovertytheproportionnemaybestagnantorevenincreaseThepopulationinmanydremarkablereductionsininfantandchildvinginnacontextofrapidpopulationgrowthSincehoweverthenumberofpeoplelivingbelowthepopulationhasbeengrowingatarateofabout3percentperyearforseveraldecades.ThecountryUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs,PopulationDivision10WorldPopulationProspects2022:SummaryofResultsPopulationgrowthrate,2015-2020,bytheproportionofthepopulationlivingbelowtheinternationalpovertyline,2003-2021Note:SDGindicator1.1.1istheproportionofthepopulationlivingbelowtheinternationalpovertyline,whichtheWorldBankhasProvidinginclusiveandequitablequalityeducationatalllevelsiscriticalforachievingtheSustainableespeciallythoseinvulnerablesituations,toacquiretheknowledgeandskillsneededtoexploitopportunitiesandtoparticipatefullyinsociety.6Expandingeducationalopportunitiesandensuringqualityeducationforallcanbeparticularlychallengingforlow-andlower-middleincomecountrieswithgrowingcohortsofchildrenandyouth.Insub-SaharanAfrica,thecompletionrateofuppersecondaryeducation7increasedonly3.4percentagepoints,from23.3percentto26.7percent,duringthepastdecade,leavingthatregionfurthestbehind.thelowestuppersecondaryeducationcompletionrates(figureI.5).Thepopulationinthisagegrouphasorabovepercentperyearsincethemidsandisin2020,