暑假强化直播班公共英语课件汇总-同位语从句-专插本

Tommy语法精解(一)1.同位语the

Appositive同位语是句子成分的一种,它位于名词、代词后面,说明它们的性质和情况,它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。同位语的表现形式有以下几种：名词Tom,

our

monitor,

is

a

handsome

boy.代词I

myself

will

do

the

experiment.数词She

is

the

oldest

among

them

six.从句He

told

methe

news

that

the

plane

hadexploded.他告诉我飞机

的消息。由such

as,

that

is引导Some

subjects,

such

as

maths

and

physics,are

very

difficult

to

learn.某些学科,例如数学和物理,是很难学的。(6)

由of引导The

city

of

Beijing

has

been

greatlychanged

since

2000.自从2000年以来,

市发生了很大的变化。(7)

由or引导The

freezing

temperature,

orfreezing

point,

is

the

temperature

atwhich

water

freezes

under

ordinarypressure.结冰温度即冰点,是水在常压下结冰时的温度。2.

同位语从句the

Appositive

clause(1)同位语从句的定义在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。语法精解(二)它一般放在fact,news,idea,truth,

hope,problem,information,belief,thought,doubt,promise,question

等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有连词that,连接副词how,when,where,whether,what等。e.g.

The

hope

that

he

may

recover

is

notgone

yet.The

problem

whether

we

shouldcontinue

to

do

the

experiment

hasbeen

solved.I

haveno

idea

when

hewill

comeback.同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：注意:The

story

goes

that

William l

killedthe

king

with

an

arrow.Word

came

that

their

team

had

won.⑵同位语从句的表现形式:①由that引导The

fact

that

you

haven’tenoughtime

to

do

the

work

issimply

unbelievable.The

hope

that

he

may

comehere

is

not

gone

yet.The

news

that

he

has

been

electedof

the

United

States

is

true.The

truth

that

heavy

objects

andlight

objects

fall

atthesamespeed

isknown

to

all.The

problem

that

she

laterdeveloped

a

serious

lung

diseasebothered

scientists.②由whether引导The

question

whether

we

needmore

time

to

do

the

work

has

notbeen

discussed.③由when引导I

haveno

idea

when

they

will

go.⑶有时可用namely

(即),thatis

tosay

(也就是说),inother

words(换句话说),that

is

(那就是),for

example

等引出同位语,说明其前面的名词或代词。有时同位语直接跟在名词或代词的后面。He

told

usthe

goodnews,

namely,the

museum

is

open

to

all.There

is

only

one

way

of

improvingyour

English

,

that

is

,

topracticemore.Altogether

Dolly

had

lived

for

sixyears,

half

the

length

of

the

life

oftheoriginal

sheep.⑷同位语从句与定语从句的区别:,同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常常可以从以下几个方面区别它们:①同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词;定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。We

express

the

hope

that

they

willcome

to

visit

China

again.(同位语从句)Those

who

want

to

go

please

signtheirnames

here.(定语从句)②同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系；定语从句所限定的名词是从句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。The

news

that

they

won

the

match

istrue.(同位语从句,news和从句没有逻辑关系)The

news

that

you

told

us

yesterday

istrue.(定语从句,news是told的逻辑宾语)The

order

when

we

should

go

backhasn’t

reached

us.(同位语从句,order和从句没有逻辑关系)The

day

when

New

China

was

foundedwill

never

be

forgotten.(定语从句,day是founded

的逻辑状语)③同位语从句主要由连接词that引导,有时也可用when,where,who,whether等引导;定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。

Then

he

raised

the

question

where

theywere

to

getthe

machine

needed.Do

you

knowthe

place

where

hewasborn?④引导同位语从句的连词不可省略;引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。The

news

that

he

has

been

electedmonitor

of

our

class

is

true.The

news

(that)

he

told

me

is

exciting.⑤同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子,谓语动词用be的不同形式。Heheard

the

news

that

their

team

hadwon.此句可以变为一个表语从句:The

news

was

that

their

teamhadwon.练习把下面两个句子连成一个含同位语从句的复合句。1.

Two

fifths

of

all

girls

in

America

areon

a

diet./The

fact

worries

theirparents

and

teachers

a

lot.The

fact

that

two

fifths

of

all

girls

inAmerica

are

on

a

diet

worries

theirparents

and

teachers

a

lot.2.

The

Queen

of

England

was

on

afour-day

visit

in

China./We

heardthe

news

last

night.We

heard

the

news

last

night

thatthe

Queen

of

England

was

on

afour-day

visit

inchina.3.

Teenagers

shouldn’t

spend

too

muchtime

online.

/Many

Chineseparentshold

the

view.Many

Chinese

parents

hold

the

viewthat

teenagers

shouldn’t

spend

toomuch

timeonline.4.

Time

travel

is

possible./We

haveno

scientific

proof

for

the

idea.

We

have

no

scientific

proof

for

theidea

that

time

travel

is

possible.5.

Students

should

be

given

more

freetime./The

suggestion

is ed

bymany

people.The

suggestion

that

students

shouldbe

given

more

free

timeis

edby

many

people.翻译句子,并说明这个名词性从句的作用。6.

We

don’t

think

you

two

have

metbefore.想

两位以前没有见过面。(宾语从句)It

is

certain

that

John

will

do

wellin

his

exam.肯定会考好。(主语从句)Whether

they

are

coming

or

notdon’t

matter

too

much.他们来不来无关紧要。(主语从句)Now

is

when

we

need

him

most.现在是

最需要他的时候。(表语从句)I

have

no

idea

how

she

got

throughthe

forest.我不知道她是如何穿过那个森林的。(同位语从句)11.

The

fact

that

they

won

the

prize高兴。made

us

happy.他们获奖的事实令(同位语从句)用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空。I

can’t

decide

which

bookI

should

buy.China

is

no

longer

what

itusedto

be.I

am

very

interested

in

how

heimproved

his

English

in

such

a

shorttime.Whatwe

need

is

more

money.The

truth

thatthe

earth

turnsaround

the

sun

is

known

to

us.When

and

where

we

will

meet

hasnot

been

decided

yet.用名词性从句完成下列句子。The

newsthat

she

has

passed

the

nationalcollege

entrance

examination(她通过了高考)is

exciting.Mike

made

apromisethat

hewould

help

me

withmyEnglish.(他将帮助我学习英语)同位语从句的考点that

引导同位语从句的用法Evidencecameup

specific

speechsounds

are

recognized

by

babies

asyoung

as

six

months

old.A.

what B.

that C.

which D.

whomThe

factthat

he

used

to

be

a

thiefis

known

to

all.同We

were

surprised

by

the

factthat/whichshe

told

us.定3)

The

next

thing

that

must

be

doneis

to

make

aplan.定测试性评价1.填入适当的连接词，