2023版高三一轮总复习英语北师大版（皖）第1部分选择性必修第4册UNIT 12INNOVATION

18/18课标单词背诵(先填后背)第一组1．well­beingn．健康，幸福，舒适2．entertainmentn．娱乐节目3．innovationn．新发明，新方法，新观念；革新，创新4．giftedadj.有天赋的，有才华的5．labour­savingadj.节省劳力的6．productiveadj.多产的；丰饶的；富有成效的7．garbagen．垃圾8．devicen．设备，装置；修辞手段9．microscopen．显微镜10．correspondvi.通信11．instantadj.立刻的，马上的12．satelliten．人造卫星；卫星13．orbitn．轨道vi.&vt.沿轨道运行14．premieradj.最好的；最重要的15．subsequentlyadv.后来，随后16．constantadj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的n．常量，恒量17．findingn．研究的结果；发现18．biologistn．生物学家19．perceivevt.察觉，注意到，发觉20．millionnum.百万21．navyn．海军22．accuracyn．准确性；精准度；正确，准确第二组1．missilen．导弹，飞弹2．physicistn．物理学家3．jointadj.联合的，共同的，共有的4．tuben．圆管，管子；电视显像管，阴极射线管5．circuitn．电路，线路；环形道路6．cluelessadj.一无所知的，一窍不通的7．theoreticaladj.理论的8．overcomevt.克服(困难)，控制(感情)；征服，战胜9．grandadj.宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的10．declinevi.减少，降低11．bonusn．意外收获，额外的好处；奖金；红利12．gravityn．重力，引力13．steamn．水蒸气；蒸汽动力14．kettlen．水壶，壶15．improvementn．改善，改进；改进之处16．availabilityn．可能性17．fibren．(木材、碳等天然材料的)纤维18．massn．大量，大宗；adj.大量的19．sailorn．水手，海员20．illustratevt.说明，阐明；给(书籍、文章等)加插图21．mechanicaladj.机械的22．preservevt.保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护；n.腌菜，果酱23．specificallyadv.特定地，专门地24．electricadj.用电的，带电的，电动的[单词拼写·运用]核心单词语境运用1．donatevi.&vt.捐献(器官)，献(血)；捐赠，捐献2．launchvt.发射；发动，发起，开始从事3．humbleadj.谦虚的，谦卑的4．outcomen．结果，后果5．boilvi.&vt.(使)沸腾，煮沸；(用开水)煮用所给词的适当形式填空。1．Awealthypersoncametotheirrescuewithagenerousdonation(donate).2．Theprojectwaslaunched(launch)inanearlystagein1987.3．Iwouldhumbly(humble)suggestthatthereissomethingwronghere.4.Alloftheseoutcomes(outcome)arelinkedtoalackofphysicalexercise.5．Here'ssomeboiled(boil)water.Haveadrinkwheneveryou'rethirsty.派生单词语境运用1．sciencen．科学→scientistn．科学家→scientificadj.科学(上)的→scientificallyadv.科学(上)地2．efficientadj.有效率地，高效能地→efficientlyadv.效率高地；有功效地→efficiencyn．效率；效能3．proposevt.提出(某观点、方法等)→proposaln．提议4．emergevi.出现，浮现→emergencen．出现；浮现5．evaluatevt.评估，评价→evaluationn．评估，评价6．explodevi.&vt.(使)爆炸；急剧增长→explosion7．regulatevt.控制，管理→regulationn．规则；控制；管理8．accurateadj.正确的，准确的→accuratelyadv.正确地；准确地→accuracyn．准确性；精准度；正确，准确用所给词的适当形式填空。1．Thescientistisdevotedtothescientificresearch,sohehaslittletimetospendwithhisfamily.(science)2．Theyseemabletoworktogetherveryefficiently,sotheprojectcanbecompletedaheadoftimeduetotheirhighefficiency．(efficient)3．Heproposedchangingthenameofthecompanyattheconference,buthisproposalwasturneddownatlast.(propose)4．Thechemicalplantexplodedsuddenlylastnight,andtwentypeoplewereinjuredintheexplosion．(explode)5．Shefinallyemergedfromherroomatnoon,andheremergencemadeeveryoneatpresentfeelrelieved.(emerge)6．Thoughperformanceevaluationisveryimportant,it'shardtoevaluatethesuccessoftheschoolbecauseithasonlybeenopenforsixmonths.(evaluate)7．Underthesenewregulationsspendingonofficeequipmentwillbestrictlyregulated.(regulate)8．Didyoumeasureaccurately?Theyquestionedtheaccuracyofthesefigures.(accurate)1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Forexample,mostofuswouldexpectolderdriversalwaysgoslowerthaneveryoneelsebutsurprisingly,wefoundthatin30mphzonestheystruggledtokeepataconstantspeedandsoweremorelikelytobreakthespeedlimitandbeatriskofgettingfined. AA．固定的；不变的 B．经常的 C．重复的2．(2019·北京卷)Theresultsaremixedforfootballandbasketball，addingtalentedplayerstoateamprovesagoodmethod，butonlyuptothepointwhere70%oftheplayersaretoptalent;abovethatlevel,theteam'sperformancebeginstodecline. CA．谢绝；婉拒 B.减少 C.衰退[短语理解·运用]高频短语语境运用1．becommittedto致力于2．nottomention更不用说3．rangefrom...to...范围从……到……4．atthesametime与此同时5．figureout算出，想出6．turnto求助于7．singleout挑出；挑选8．beusedtodo...被用来做……9．bycoincidence碰巧；巧合10．allofasudden突然11．inspiteof尽管；不管12．prevent...fromdoingsth.阻止……做某事选用左面短语的适当形式填空。1．Lotsofmagazinesinforeignlanguageshavebeensubscribedto,nottomentionthoseinChinese.2．Thesystemhastheabilitytorunmorethanoneprogramatthesametime.3．IntimesofcrisisIknowwhichfriendsIcanturnto．4．Ittookthemaboutonemonthtofigureouthowtostarttheequipment.5．Inspiteofwhathappened,heneverlostthewilltolive.6.Allofasuddensheseemedtowanttomakepeaceandpatchupourquarrel.7．Whowouldyousingleoutasthemostpromisingstudentoftheyear？[句式辨识·运用]教材原句背诵句式结构仿写1．while表示让步Thereisnodoubtaboutit.对该做的正确的事情，不要有什么顾虑。Thereisnodoubtaboutthecorrectthingtodo.2．“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句Hedouble­checkedandsawabluemouldinthedisharoundwhichthebacteriahadbeendestroyed.车来了，我将近等了快一个小时。Therecomesthebus,forwhichIhavebeenwaitingaroundanhour.3．notjust...butalso...Hawkingwasfamous，notjustforhisbrilliantworkintheoreticalphysicsandcosmology，butalsoforovercomingthechallengesofALS(adiseasethataffectsmusclecontrol).她不仅很会演奏，而且还会作曲。Shenotjustplayswell，butalsowritesmusic.1．entertainment[课本义]n.娱乐节目[增补义]n.娱乐；款待，招待[高考原句·2018·全国卷Ⅲ]Wanderamongavarietyofshopssellinggiftswhileenjoyingalivemusicshowandnicestreetentertainment.(1)entertainsb.tosth.用……宴客/招待/款待某人(尤指在自己家中)entertainsb.withsth.＝sb.beentertainedwithsth.用……使某人快乐entertainsb.as...把某人当……招待(2)entertainingadj.愉快的，有趣的，引人发笑的entertainern．款待者；表演娱乐节目的人Thislawappliestotheatres，cinemasandotherplacesofpublicentertainment.此项法律适用于剧院、电影院和其他公共娱乐场所。Thishotelisfamousforitsentertainment.这家旅馆以殷勤待客著称。findentertainmentin以……为乐giveanentertainmenttosb.招待某人giveafarewellentertainmenttosb.为某人举行欢送会[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Shewasalwayssofunnyandentertaining(entertain).②Thechildrenentertainedtheirparentswithsongs.③BobandLilyentertaineduswithdinnerlastnight. with→to[链接写作]——完成句子他既讲故事又说笑话，把我们逗得乐了好几个小时。Forhoursheentertaineduswithhisstoriesandjokes．2．gifted[课本义]adj.有天赋的，有才华的[增补义]adj.具有(令人愉快的特质)[高考原句·2018·全国卷Ⅲ]FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,...(1)begiftedin/at在……方面有天赋(2)giftn．天赋，才华；礼物haveagiftfor有……天赋Shewasagiftedteacherwhonevertalkeddowntoherstudents.她天生就是当老师的料，从来不用居高临下的口气对学生说话。Ishallthinkofherasthemostgiftedviolinisthere.我把她看作这儿最有才华的小提琴手。giftedinmusic在音乐方面有天赋oneofthemostgiftedplayersintheworld世界上最有天赋的运动员之一[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Michaelmayhavebeenadunceatmathematics，buthewasgiftedatlanguages.②Motherhasagiftinmakingpeoplefeelathome. in→for[链接写作]——一句多译这个女孩在学习语言方面十分有天赋。①Thegirlhasagiftforlearninglanguages.②Thegirlisgiftedinlearninglanguages.3．instant[课本义]adj.立刻的，马上的[增补义]adj.速溶的n．立即，瞬间theinstant一……就……instantlyadv.立即，马上inaninstant立即Thisaccountgivesyouinstantaccesstoyourmoney.这个账户让你随时调动款项。Idon'tliketodrinkinstantcoffee.我不喜欢喝速溶咖啡。instantcoffee速溶咖啡sendaninstantmessage发送即时消息[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Pleaseholdon!Shewillbebackinaninstant.②HeinstantgraspedthatStephenwastalkingabouthiswife.instant→instantly[链接写作]——句型转换Assoonashegottothestation，thetrainhadleftalready.→Theinstanthegottothestation，thetrainhadleftalready.(instant)→Instantlyhegottothestation，thetrainhadleftalready.(instantly)4．propose[课本义]vt.提出(某观点、方法等)[增补义]vt.建议；打算；计划；提名[高考原句·2018·北京卷]Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco­posethatsb.(should)dosth.建议/提议某人做某事Itisproposedthat...有人提议……proposedoingsth.建议做某事proposetodosth.打算做某事Thegovernmentproposedchangestothevotingsystem.政府建议修改表决制度。Heproposedtobuyandrunafarm.他计划购买并经营一个农场。submit/consider/accept/rejectaproposal提交/审议/接受/拒绝一项建议proposeamotion提出动议[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①ItisproposedthatLucygiveaperformanceattheparty.②Hisproposalthatthesystemischangedwasrejected. is→be[链接写作]——完成句子他建议我们再讨论一次。Heproposedthatweshouldhaveanotherdiscussion．5．decline[课本义]vi.减少，降低[增补义]vi.&vt.；谢绝，拒绝[高考原句·2020·全国卷Ⅲ]Astheeconomywasindecline，somepeopleinthetownhadlosttheirjobs.(1)beindecline处于下降、衰退中onthedecline在下坡路上；在衰退(减少)(2)declineby下降了declinetodosth.拒绝做某事(3)increasen．&v.(反)增加ontheincrease在增加Supportforthepartycontinuestodecline.对该党的支持继续下降。Iofferedtogivethemaliftbuttheydeclined.我主动邀请他们搭车，但他们婉言谢绝了。declinetheirinvitation谢绝他们的邀请declinetheoffer谢绝这个提议fallinto(a)decline开始衰退[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Theirspokesmandeclinedtocomment(comment)ontheissue.②Thenumberoftouriststotheresortdeclinedby30%becauseoftheterroristattacklastyear.③Hisinterestincomputergamesisnowondecline. on→in[链接写作]——完成句子我们邀请他一道去爬山，但是他谢绝了我们的邀请。Weaskedhimtojoinusinclimbingthemountain,buthedeclinedourinvitation．6．explode[课本义]vi.&vt[增补义]vi.(感情)迸发[高考原句·2020·江苏卷]WhenWilsonheatedit，thecontainerexploded，leavingWilsonblindedinbotheyes.(1)explodewithanger勃然大怒explodeintolaughter突然大笑(2)explosionn．爆裂(声)；爆炸(声)；迸发Atlasthisangerexploded，buthecalmeddownafterawhile.他终于大发雷霆，但是过了一会就镇静下来了。Theinvestmentintechnologystocksexplodedinthe1990s.二十世纪九十年代，对科技股票的投资迅速增加。explodeintowildlaughter一下子大笑起来theexplodingworldpopulation迅猛增长的世界人口[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Charlesexplodedwithangerwhenhearingthenews.②Theexplosion(explode)couldbeheardamileaway.③Onseeinghisfunnyexpression，weallexplodedwithlaughter. with→into[链接写作]——完成句子Thepopulationcanexplodeto40，000duringthetouristseasonintheplaceofinterest.这个景点旅游季节，人口可能激增至4万。7．preserve[课本义]vt.保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护n．腌菜，果酱[增补义]n．保护区[高考原句·2017·全国卷Ⅰ]AstheKennedyCenter'sartisticadviserforjazz，Moranhopestowidentheaudienceforjazz，makethemusicmoreaccessible，andpreserveitshistoryandculture.preservesb./sth.(fromsth.)保护……免遭伤害bewellpreserved保存得很好Thegovernmentpreservestherightsoftheindividualperson.政府保护个人的权利不受侵犯。Nohuntingisallowedinthepreserve.在禁猎区内不许打猎。doeverythingtopreservepeace尽全力维护和平preservediversityinnature保持物种的多样性[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Peopleshouldpreservechildrenfrombeinghurt(hurt).②Pantanalisoneoftheworld'sgreatestwildlifepreserve.preserve→preserves[链接写作]——完成句子成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种不致灭绝。Thesocietywassetuptopreserveendangeredspeciesfromextinction．8．figureout[课本义]弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白[增补义]计算出[高考原句·2019·全国卷Ⅰ]Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeenpoorlystudied.figurein把……考虑在内figureon计划；打算；预料到figurethat...认为；认定Itdidn'ttakethechildrenlongtofigureoutthecorrectanswer.孩子们没有花很多时间就算出了正确的答案。Ican'tfigureoutwhyhequithisjob.我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作。can'tfigureoutwhat'sonhermind猜不透她的心事helpmefigureoutthisproblem帮我解决这个问题[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Haveyoufiguredinthecostoffoodforourholiday?②IfigureingoingtoNewYorkinJanuary. in→on[链接写作]——完成句子她心里揣想着接下去会发生什么。Shewastryingtofigureoutwhatwouldhappennext.9．turnto[课本义]求助于[增补义]转向；翻到(页码)[高考原句·2016·全国卷Ⅲ]Atlast,Iwillbeonmyown,butIstillwanttohavemyparentstoturntowheneverIneedhelp.turnagainst背叛turndown关小；拒绝turnin上交o...(使……)成为……turnoff关(水源、煤气、电灯等)turnon打开(水、煤气、电灯、无线电等)turnout结果是；证明是；生产出turnover(使)打翻；翻身turnup开大；出现；被找到Forafullexplanationofhowthemachineworks，turntopage5．关于机器工作原理的详细说明，请翻阅第5页。Godownthestreetandthenturntotheleftintheend.顺着这条街走到头，然后向左拐。turntoatrustedadultforsupport向自己信任的成年人寻求帮助turntotheleftatthefirstcrossing在第一个十字路口向左拐[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Heturneddownmysuggestionwithouthesitation.②Thefarmersareturningwastelandintoricefields.③Thefactoryturnedoutmoreproductsthantheyhadexpected.④Themanturnedupandwenttosleepagainwhenthetelephonerang. up→over[链接写作]——完成句子如果你遇到生词，你可以求助于字典。Ifyoumeetnewwords,youcanturntothedictionaryforhelp．10．comeintoone'smind突然想起absenceofmind出神，心不在焉applyone'smindto用心于……，专心于……bear/keepsth.inmind把某事记在心里，记住changeone'smind改变主意makeupone'smind下决心Ihesitatedtoapplytheword“vulnerable”tohimbutitcameintomymind.我不愿用“脆弱”这个词来形容他，但它却突然出现在我脑子里了。agoodideacomingintomymind我想到的一个好主意applyhismindtoreadinganovel他专心于看小说[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Hehasmadeuphismindtoprove(prove)thatMary'sargumentdoesn'tholdwater.②Thenewcomerappliedhismindonthejob. on→to[链接写作]——完成句子学英语的时候，你应该记住单词的正确读音。YoushouldbearinmindthecorrectpronunciationofthewordswhilelearningEnglish.11．prevent...(from)...阻止……[高考原句·2018·全国卷Ⅱ]Ifyoulike，asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown..prevent/stop...(from)doingsth.阻止……做某事keep...fromdoingsth.阻止……做某事到Theclub'sconstitutionpreventedwomenfrombecomingfullmembers.这个俱乐部的章程不允许女性成为正式会员。Waysmustbefoundtopreventthepoisonousgasesfrompollutingtheair.一定要找到办法防止有毒气体污染空气。preventthespreadofthedisease防止疾病蔓延preventanythingunpleasantfromhappening防止任何不愉快的事发生[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①300tonsofPeruvianmangoeswerekeptfromenteringFrance.②Nothingcouldstopfromrealisingourdream. stop后加us[链接写作]——完成句子我们正在采取措施防止我们的环境遭到污染。Wearetakingstepstopreventourenvironmentfrombeingpolluted．12．[教材原句]Hedouble­checkedandsawabluemouldinthedisharoundwhichthebacteriahadbeendestroyed.经过反复检查，他发现器皿里有一种蓝色的霉菌，而霉菌周围的细菌已经被杀死了。在“介词＋关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词指物时用which；指人时用whom，而不能用that或who代替。固定动词短语中的介词通常不能提前，例如listento/lookat/dependon/lookfor/payattentionto/takecareof/lookafter/takepartin/makeuseof/catchupwith/getalongwith/hearof/lookforwardto等。[金句推送](2021·新高考卷Ⅰ)Ithappenedthattheplantdowntownneededeightkidsfortemporaryhelpduringourspringbreak,forwhichIhadnoplanbeyondlisteningtomyfavoriterecords.恰巧在我们的春假期间，市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙，对此我除了听我最喜欢的唱片外没有其他计划。[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错①Whoisthemanwithwhomourteacherisshakinghands?②Oursisabeautifulcountry,ofthatwearegreatlyproud.that→which[链接写作]——完成句子他递给我一支笔，我用它写下了自己的名字。HehandedmeapenwithwhichIwrotedownmyname.夯基固本——基础落实Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。1．Theplanisdesignedtomotivateemployeestoworkmoreefficiently(efficient).2．There'sabsolutelynoregulation(regulate)ofcigarettestomakesurethattheydon'tincludepoisonoussubstances.3．Irecognizedherinstantly(instant)Isawherinthesupermarket.4.Scienceandtechnologyarepartoftheproductive(produce)forces.5．Thisisanentertaining(entertain)yetthought­provokingfilm.Ⅱ．改正句中的错误。1．Theconditionpreventsthebloodfromcirculatingfree.free→freely2．HedeclinedtogivesomeinformationonthePresidentialelection. some→any3．Shewasblownoffherfootbytheshockwavefromtheexplosion. foot→feet4．Itissaidthatthelatestmodelwillbedisplaynextmonth.be后加on5．Sofaralargenumberofnewgiftedpeopleemergedintheacademicworld. people后加haveⅢ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。1．Hecarefullyfiguredoutwhattimethefirsttrainwouldpassby.2．Industrialproductionhasdeclinedby20%since2018.3．Weshouldbearinmindthatlaughterisagreatreleaseroftension.4．Theequipmentcanpreserveusfrombeinginjured.5．Allofasuddentherewasaterrificbangandaflashofsmoke.查缺补漏——知识拾遗Ⅰ．用所给词的正确形式填空。1．Sheovercame(overcome)injurytowinthegoldmedalintheTokyoOlympics.2．Manycompaniesmakeanannualevaluation(evaluate)oftheiremployees.3．Theviewofthecaseoccurred(occur)tomesuddenlyjustnow.4．Thedoctortoldhimspecifically(specific)nottosmokeanymore.5．Thevisitwasanindicationoftheimprovement(improve)inrelationsbetweenthetwocountries.Ⅱ．在空白处填入一个适当的词。1．Ihavecalledyouseveraltimes，butyouwerenotinbycoincidence.2．Thetwogirlssuddenlyemergedfromamongthetrees.Bothseemedtobecalmandunhurt.3．NotonlydidhespeakEnglishwell，buthespokeJapanesemoreeasily.4．Yourperformanceasastudentwillbeexcellentifyoudevelopahabitofreflectingonhowyoulearn.5．ThereisnodoubtthatcellphonesandtheInternetarethemostimportantmeansofcommunication.强技提能——语言运用Ⅰ．课文语法填空短文中黑体部分为本单元核心知识点，请在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并背诵该短文。It'sreallyhardforus1．tosingle(single)outthepremierdiscoveryofthe20thcentury，becausesomany2．amazing(amaze)discoveriesweremadeinsuchalargenumberofscientific3．areas(area).Herearesomepioneersofscientists.AlbertEinstein4.discovered(discover)the“E＝mc2”whenhewastakingcareofhislittlebaby.AlexanderFlemingmadeanotherfinding：akindofbluemould，later5．called(call)penicillin，couldbeusedtokillbacteria.EckertandMauchlyinvented6.theworld'sfirstcomputersoastoimprovethe7.accuracy(accurate)oftheUSNavy'smissiles.TimBerners­LeeinventedtheWorldWideWeb，8.whichenabledcomputersallovertheworldtocommunicate9.withTpletely(complete).Ⅱ．文本写作Step1．要点提示(利用本单元知识补全所给英文句子)①斯蒂芬·霍金在21岁时被诊断为肌