尾矿库土地复垦问题与措施

Shen Agriculture

UniversityThe

problem

and

measure

of

land

reclamationand

pollution

control

for

the

tailings

pondseverely

contaminated

in

copper

mine重金属污染场地土地复垦与环境治理的问题与措施

–以铜矿尾矿库为例Wei

Zhong-yi魏忠义:

Land

and

Environment

College

of

SAU沈阳

土地与环境学院1

BackgroundThe

tailings

pond

of

copper

mine

in

useClosed

tailings

pond

of

copper

mine,

700

mm

of

precipitation

there,Fushun，Liaoning

provincepollutant

diffusion

by

windpollutant

diffusion

by

windthe

waste

water

by

leaching

in

front

of

the

tailings

damtreatment

and

reuse场地调查与样品采集样品分析测定High

contents

of

Cu、Zn、Cd

and

S,

and

thus

highmobility

of

heavy

metal.尾矿中Cu、Zn、Cd等重金属元素和S元素含量较高，导致表层尾矿酸化，重金属移动性增强，加速重金属淋滤迁移。The

ways

of

pollutants

diffusion

are

by

wind

and

byrunoff

(surface

runoff

and

leaching

to

underground)尾矿库重金属迁移扩散途径包括风蚀、径流(表层流与淋滤）。尾矿样品蒸馏水浸出实验结果（mg/L）sample

soaking

test

with

distilled

water,

72

hoursCuZnCd20-40cm32.116.01.66200-220cm0.0110.50.06地表水环境质量标准environmental

quality

standardsfor

surface

water1.02.00.01表层20cm

Cu、Zn

、Cd尾矿的淋失量（kg）The

loss

of

Cu、Zn

、Cd

leached

in

the

surface

20

cmCuZnCd0-20cm26302312580.22

The

problem

of

the

technicalsystem

atpresentThe

land

reclamation

technical

system

and

pollution

control

ofthe

pondat

present

inChinaThe

dam

of

the

ponddam

strengthening;land

regreening;drainage

facility;roads

paving;and

monitoring

onlineThe

main

measuresAt

present铜矿尾矿是矿石经研磨选矿后水力排放的，其Cu、Zn、Cd等重金属元素含量较高；尾矿中含有较多S元素，氧化过程产酸，导致表层尾矿中重金属移动性增强，加速重金属淋滤迁移。尾矿库重金属迁移途径包括风蚀、径流与淋滤。目前植被措施的风蚀扩散控制效果较好，但对径流与淋滤扩散迁移途径考虑较少，复垦治理模式可以进一步改进。The

problems

for

the

present

reclamation

technicalsystem:

The objective

for

the

tailings

pond

reclamation?Vegetation？or

Pollution

control

？or

other？The

reason

of

present

measure:The

best

thickness

of

covering

soil,

30cm,

50cm,

100cm,or

150cm?

and

covering

soil

directly

can

work

well

for

theobjective?(Surface

layer

construction

should

be

necessary)Why

design

flood

with

0.5%

frequency?The

reclamation

of

the

pond

should

be

a

temporary

measure,the

tailings

would

be

reused

several

decades

later?…3

‘Ecological

Closure’

technicalsystem

Idea

proposedThe

present

technical

system

is

Perfect?No.

Some

can

be

improved.针对现有模式存在的污染物淋滤扩散、污水处理和土地利用问题，从多专业角度全面分析污染物扩散对土地生态环境影响途径，以尾矿库为例，提出重污染场地的“生态封闭”土地复垦与环境治理解决方案，或称生态封闭模式。生态封闭模式的提出基于治理，切断所有污染物扩散途径，是重度重金属污染场地治理的基本思想观点，同时也是可操作的措施体系。该模式包括尾矿场地封闭层构造、污染控制、植被建立、径流调控，以及配套措施设计。可实现重金属污染的源头控制与土地的生态恢复利重目标，亦有利于尾矿坝体的安全。‘Ecological

Closure’

technical

systemfor

land

reclamation

and

pollution

control

of

the

pond4

Research

based

on

the‘Ecological

Closure’

idea尾矿库剖面采样试验材料structural

layer

tested5

Site

demonstration

of

themeasures试验小区剖面图the

test

plot构造层ditchdrainageDemonstration

site，early

spring

afteryear

示范场地6

Benefit

observationeffect

observationAmorpha

fruticosa

planted,

2

yearsInfiltration

test生态封闭构想为尾矿库复垦治理提供了理论基础，该模式要求重新审定原有标准中的一些参数，从而可为相关标准更新提供依据例如：对研究尾矿库，经试验计算，其表层构造措施可选：石灰石层+150

cm覆土；不透水土工布层+覆土30cm；石灰粉层+覆土50cm排水系统计算与设计也需改进；......THANK

YOUShenAgriculture

University欢迎批评指正[个人简历]魏忠义，教授，博士生导师。

社员。土地复垦与生态修复专业

委员。太原理工大学水资源利用与管理专业学士；1990年武汉水利电