语法第一节课白色地板

语法基本框架本节课主要内容：句子成分简单句复杂句状语从句一：句子成分—

谓语排除法：只要一句话里的动词满足下面这3种情况中任意一种，那这个动词就不是谓语动词前面有个to

to

take动词加了ing，而且前边没有be动词students

studying

at

home，且前边没有be

动词

animals

killed

by3动词过去分词，翻译成people练习：1)

The

Chineseernment

wants

to

find

new

ways

to

tackle

this

problem.Seeing

something

in

allows

us

to

notice

details.History

written

by

winners

contains

bias.Unemployment

has

caused

many

people

to

move

to

other

countries

insearch

of

better

careers.We

are

wearing

the

same

clothes

made

by

him.系动词翻译成“是”的be动词（am

are

is

was

were）表变化的系动词，例如

e，turn翻译成“是”的be动词She

is

a

girl.Howto

use

its

limited

resources

is

a

dilemma

faced

by

all

countries.对比：We

are

wearing

the

same

clothes.表变化的系动词主要想描述主语变成了什么样，通常包括e,grow,turn,get等。Our

society es

multicultural.Elderly

people

get

tired

easily.The

weather

turns

cold.The

skies

grow

dark.对比

Where

did

you

get

that

car？表语定义：就是通常紧挨着系动词之后，用来说明主语的成分Sheis

a

girl.The

weather

turns

cold.格外提醒：系动词前边的主语和后边的表语必须匹配并且符合常理”错误句子：Old

people

aged

65

and

over

was

25%.正确句子：The

proportion

of

old

people

aged

65

and

over

was25%.错误句子：Eating

too

much

junk

food es

obese

easily.正确句子：Eating

too

much

junk

food

causes

people

toeasily.e

obese定语定义:修饰名词的成分叫定语。disaster

reliefsocial

mediathe

gap

between

rich

and

poor通常由名词，形容词，介词短语来充当。使用原则：“前短后长，就近原则”前短:当定语很短，只是一个单词，通常放在被修饰名词的前面后长:当定语较长，是一个词组，短语时，通常放在被修饰词的后边。Important

things

like

educationthe

wide

gap

between

the

rich

and

the

poor错误英文:Fruits

provide

people

with

essential

nutrients

like

peach,pineapple,etc.状语定义：通常修饰动词，句子，形容词，副词的成分叫状语。work

remo

ypurchase

things

with

the

click

of

a

mouseing

more

highly

valued.In

modern

society,

fashion

isClimbing

is

physically

demanding.She

swims

extremely

quickly.通常由副词，介词短语来充当分析下成分generation

immigrantsoften

leave

their

home

countries

because

ofwars

and

other

bad

circumstances.People

received

news

updates

by

listening

to

the

radio

and

readingnewspaper.Nowadays

in

most

marriages,

both

men

and

women

work

in

order

to

paythe

bills.二： 简单句第一简单句介绍第二简单句的基本翻译规则第三

包含

的简单句的注意事项第四

如何否定一个简单句第一简单句介绍定义：只有一套主谓结构的句子People

received

news

updates

by

listening

to

the

radio

and

readingnewspaper.I

am

boy,

and

she

is

a

girl.架构：简单句的类型较多，绝大多数情况会碰到的5种主语+及物动词+宾语Fast

foods

will

replace

traditional

foods

in

the

future.主语+不及物动词The

fuel

price

increased

significantly.主语+系+表Seeking

beauty

is

part

of

human

nature.There

be

句型There

isa

difference

between

something

real

and

virtual.5.

It

is...It

is

common

to

see

people

walking

around

in

brand

name

clothesIt

is

acceptable

to

use

animals

for

the

benefit

of

humans.It

is

unreasonable

to

ban

junk

food

inschool.多数情况下简单句的开头是1

名词2动词ing

3）There

be

4）

It

is第二简单句的基本翻译规则确定句子主干（主干必须是个完整的想法。）添加细节（定语状语）主干通常是名词+动词动词ing+动词（句子以动词开头的时候，动词加ing）There

be

（表达：人或事物的存在）It

is

（表达：做某事是...的，

比如说是合理的，是重要的，是常见的等）

”练习：有关

的描述

对部分人的偏见。网络让人们接触到几乎任何领域的信息。get

access

to3在全球化的背景下，守传统让年轻人有种文化认同感

Inof

globalization, a

sense

of

identity.蔬菜的消耗量有个下降。大城市里会有

的交通工具的使用。6)

人们利用动物是合理的reasonable第三

包含

的简单句的注意事项当中文中存在被、挨、由、受、遭到、予以”等字或词时，常常需要翻译成◦练习：1）几乎一半的淡水都被用于农业灌溉。Nearly

half

of

the

fresh

water

is

usedfor

agricultural

irrigation.这孩子昨天挨了一顿批评The

boy

was criticized

yesterday.历史是由胜利者编写的鸟儿也会因大量游客的涌入受到惊吓。许多道路桥梁在这次海啸中遭到破坏。古建筑的修复应予以足够的重视。第四：如何否定一个简单句一、如果谓语中有情态动词（can

may

must

should

could

would

might）、助动词或

be,直接在它们后面加not构成否定句.二、如果谓语中没有情态动词、助动词或be时，那在动词之前加do

not

；does

not

或did

not练习：一、如果谓语中有情态动词（can

may

must

should

could

would

might）、助动词或

be,直接在它们后面加not构成否定句.Birds

are

scared

by

the

influx

of

people.Descriptions

about

crimes

will

cause

bias.In

recent

years,

equal

rights

movements

have

madegreat

progress.练习：二、如果谓语中没有情态动词、助动词或be时，那在动词之前加do

not

；does

not

或did

not

.Younger

students

behaveconfidently.The

majority

of

stars

hold

their

top

positions

long.三：复杂句复杂句的整体介绍7种并列连词介绍3

并列连词在写作中涉及到的标点符号规则4.连词和谓语的个数关系1.复杂句的整体介绍1）定义/类型：包含两套以及两套以上主干的句子叫复杂句I

am

a

boy,

and

she

is

a

girl.Pop

music

is

a

commercial

product

that

is

sold

by

business

people.复杂句分成两大类并列复杂句和从属复杂句2）连词并列连词：可以用来连接词，短语，句子。从属连词：只能用来连接句子。you

and

meI

am

a

boy,

and

she

is

a

girl.Many

IELTS

candidates

lose

marks

because

they

do

not

read

questionsproperly.连词讲课“线索”把整个复杂句串联起来ForHe

found

it

more

difficult

to

read,

for

his

eyesight

was

beginning

tofail.AndTom

and

JerrySit

down

and l

me

all

about

itI

missed

supper,

and

I

am

hungry.Nor1

用于neither后表两个都不Neither

my

brother

nor

I

wasavailable

yesterday.2.用于否定句后，引出另一否定句表：也不I

do

not

know

why

he

cries,

nor

want

to

know.Butan

expensive

but

useful

bookIt’s

an

old

car,

but

it’s

very

reliable.OrGrapes

are

usually

either

green

or

red.You

can

go

out

to

the

cinema,

or

you

can

just

stay

at

home?Yeta

strange

yet

true

storyJoker

is

a

criminal,

yet

many

people

admire

him.SoI

moved

to

a

new

city,

so

I

got

a

new

apartment.小结：其中for

和but

较为特殊后边只能接句子。其余五个连词，既可以用来连接词也可以用来连接句子三：并列连词在写作中涉及到的标点符号规则当并列连词，连接两个词的时候，不需要加逗号当，连接句子，或三个以上的词时，被连接的每个部分之间要加逗号The

party

will

offer

cupcakes

and

lobster.Henry

is

an

introvert,

yet

he

likes

office

parties.He

istall,

dark,

and

handsome.四：连词和谓语的个数关系绝大多数情况下如果一个句子中有N个谓语时，那需要恰好出现N-1个连词去连接这N个谓语练习：People

in

brand

name

clothes

will

be

happier

and

have

a

higher

level

of

confidence.The

sports

event

is

a

great

success

and

gives

a

good

impression,

but

it

wastesmoney.Tom

and

Jerry

are

in

the

same

class,

they

are

good

friends.补充：下列哪些词是连词，能连接句子however,

besides,

in

addition,

moreover,

then,

therefore,

also,

for

example,in

contrast,

as

a

result,

thus

,meanwhile,

on

the

other

hand四：状语从句第一.状语从句的基本介绍第二.状语从句涉及的标点符号问题第三.状语从句的翻译规则第一.状语从句的基本介绍1）状语从句的定义1)

一句话充当什么成分，这句话就叫什么从句

History

that

iswritten

by

winners

contains

bias.The

fact

is

that

you

are

right.I

will

go

to

the

shop

in

an

hour.I

will

go

to

the

shop

when

I

finish

my

.2)状语从句的类型和连词时间状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句让步状语从句状语从句的连词后边接完整的句子，另外它们有实际意思，引导什么类型的状语从句，就表达什么意思表时间的

when,

after,

before,

since

(自从)表原因的as,because表目的的

so

that,in

order

that表结果的

so...that,such...that,

so

that表条件的

if,once表让步的

although,while,even

if时间状语从句:when,after,before,since,untilWhen

lazy

students

whine,

the

teacher

will

throw

chalks

at

their

heads.You

have

to

wait

until

I

give

you

a

signal.原因状语从句：because,asBecause

most

criminals

will

be

let

outof

prison,

our

focus

should

be

onmaking

thembetter

citizens.We

asked

Henry

to

come

with

us

as

he

knew

the

road.目的状语从句:so

that(目的是),in

order

thatLaboratory

mice

are

usually

given

an

illness

so

that

the

effectiveness

of

anew

drug

can

be

testified.结果状语从句

so...that,such...that,so

that(结果)Henry

was

so

angry

that

he

kicked

the

wall

hard.Nina

is

such

a

generous that

she

is

often

short

of

money.Children

are

surrounded

by

too

many

tempting