毕业设计(论文)-煤矿安全监测监控系统设计

目 录/r/n/r/n/r/n摘 /r/n要/r/n /r/nI/r/n/r/nA/r/nbstra/r/nc/r/nt/r/n /r/nII/r/n/r/n绪 /r/n论/r/n /r/n1/r/n/r/n第1/r/n/r/n章 安/r/n全/r/n监/r/n测/r/n监/r/n控/r/n系/r/n统/r/n的/r/n发/r/n展/r/n历/r/n程/r/n和/r/n趋/r/n势/r/n /r/n3/r/n/r/n1/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n煤/r/n矿/r/n监/r/n测/r/n监/r/n控/r/n技/r/n术/r/n的/r/n发/r/n展/r/n历/r/n程/r/n /r/n3/r/n/r/n1/r/n./r/n1/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n国/r/n外/r/n煤/r/n矿/r/n监/r/n控/r/n技/r/n术/r/n的/r/n发/r/n展/r/n /r/n3/r/n/r/n1/r/n./r/n1/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n煤/r/n矿/r/n监/r/n测/r/n监/r/n控/r/n技/r/n术/r/n在/r/n我/r/n国/r/n的/r/n发/r/n展/r/n应/r/n用/r/n /r/n4/r/n/r/n1/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n我/r/n国/r/n煤/r/n矿/r/n监/r/n测/r/n监/r/n控/r/n系/r/n统/r/n的/r/n发/r/n展/r/n趋/r/n势/r/n /r/n5/r/n/r/n1/r/n./r/n2/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n发/r/n展/r/n全/r/n面/r/n的/r/n监/r/n测/r/n监/r/n控/r/n专/r/n家/r/n系/r/n统/r/n /r/n5/r/n/r/n1/r/n./r/n2/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n研/r/n制/r/n高/r/n可/r/n靠/r/n性/r/n、/r/n品/r/n种/r/n齐/r/n全/r/n的/r/n矿/r/n用/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n /r/n5/r/n/r/n1/r/n./r/n2/r/n./r/n3/r/n/r/n合/r/n理/r/n的/r/n规/r/n范/r/n通/r/n信/r/n协/r/n议/r/n /r/n5/r/n/r/n1/r/n./r/n2/r/n./r/n4/r/n/r/n实/r/n现/r/n全/r/n面/r/n化/r/n的/r/n网/r/n络/r/n管/r/n理/r/n /r/n6/r/n/r/n第2/r/n/r/n章 安/r/n全/r/n监/r/n测/r/n/r/n监/r/n控/r/n系/r/n统/r/n设/r/n置/r/n要/r/n求/r/n /r/n7/r/n/r/n2/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n监/r/n测/r/n和/r/n传/r/n输/r/n设/r/n备/r/n选/r/n择/r/n配/r/n置/r/n及/r/n测/r/n点/r/n布/r/n置/r/n要/r/n求/r/n /r/n8/r/n/r/n2/r/n./r/n1/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n矿/r/n井/r/n瓦/r/n斯/r/n监/r/n测/r/n系/r/n统/r/n的/r/n组/r/n成/r/n /r/n8/r/n/r/n2/r/n./r/n1/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n监/r/n测/r/n系/r/n统/r/n的/r/n选/r/n择/r/n配/r/n置/r/n要/r/n求/r/n /r/n1/r/n0/r/n/r/n2/r/n./r/n1/r/n./r/n3/r/n/r/n监/r/n控/r/n设/r/n备/r/n选/r/n型/r/n要/r/n求/r/n /r/n11/r/n/r/n2/r/n./r/n1/r/n./r/n4/r/n/r/n传/r/n输/r/n设/r/n备/r/n及/r/n器/r/n材/r/n选/r/n型/r/n要/r/n求/r/n /r/n11/r/n/r/n2/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n监/r/n测/r/n设/r/n备/r/n各/r/n类/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n测/r/n点/r/n布/r/n置/r/n要/r/n求/r/n /r/n1/r/n2/r/n/r/n2/r/n./r/n2/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n回/r/n采/r/n工/r/n作/r/n面/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n选/r/n型/r/n及/r/n配/r/n置/r/n要/r/n求/r/n /r/n1/r/n2/r/n/r/n2/r/n./r/n2/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n掘/r/n进/r/n工/r/n作/r/n面/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n选/r/n型/r/n及/r/n配/r/n置/r/n要/r/n求/r/n /r/n1/r/n3/r/n/r/n2/r/n./r/n2/r/n./r/n3/r/n/r/n机/r/n电/r/n硐/r/n室/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n选/r/n型/r/n及/r/n配/r/n置/r/n要/r/n求/r/n /r/n1/r/n5/r/n/r/n2/r/n./r/n2/r/n./r/n4/r/n/r/n瓦/r/n斯/r/n抽/r/n放/r/n与/r/n井/r/n下/r/n抽/r/n放/r/n站/r/n机/r/n房/r/n内/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n的/r/n布/r/n置/r/n要/r/n求/r/n /r/n1/r/n7/r/n/r/n2/r/n./r/n3/r/n/r/n井/r/n下/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n装/r/n备/r/n量/r/n要/r/n求/r/n /r/n1/r/n7/r/n/r/n第3/r/n/r/n章 新/r/n兴/r/n矿/r/n井/r/n田/r/n概/r/n况/r/n及/r/n地/r/n质/r/n特/r/n征/r/n /r/n1/r/n8/r/n/r/n3/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n井/r/n田/r/n概/r/n况/r/n /r/n1/r/n8/r/n/r/n3/r/n./r/n1/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n交/r/n通/r/n位/r/n置/r/n和/r/n自/r/n然/r/n地/r/n理/r/n /r/n1/r/n8/r/n/r/n3/r/n./r/n1/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n井/r/n田/r/n自/r/n然/r/n概/r/n况/r/n和/r/n目/r/n的/r/n任/r/n务/r/n /r/n1/r/n8/r/n/r/n3/r/n./r/n1/r/n./r/n3/r/n/r/n临/r/n井/r/n和/r/n小/r/n窑/r/n /r/n1/r/n9/r/n/r/n3/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n井/r/n田/r/n地/r/n质/r/n /r/n1/r/n9/r/n/r/n3/r/n./r/n2/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n地/r/n质/r/n特/r/n征/r/n /r/n1/r/n9/r/n/r/n3/r/n./r/n2/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n构/r/n造/r/n /r/n2/r/n0/r/n3/r/n./r/n3/r/n/r/n煤/r/n层/r/n和/r/n煤/r/n质/r/n /r/n2/r/n1/r/n3/r/n./r/n3/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n煤/r/n层/r/n对/r/n比/r/n和/r/n可/r/n采/r/n煤/r/n层/r/n /r/n2/r/n1/r/n3/r/n./r/n3/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n煤/r/n质/r/n /r/n2/r/n2/r/n3/r/n./r/n4/r/n/r/n水/r/n文/r/n地/r/n质/r/n /r/n2/r/n3/r/n3/r/n./r/n4/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n水/r/n文/r/n地/r/n质/r/n条/r/n件/r/n /r/n2/r/n3/r/n3/r/n./r/n4/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n充/r/n水/r/n因/r/n素/r/n及/r/n涌/r/n水/r/n量/r/n预/r/n计/r/n /r/n2/r/n4/r/n3/r/n./r/n4/r/n./r/n3/r/n/r/n防/r/n治/r/n水/r/n措/r/n施/r/n /r/n2/r/n4/r/n3/r/n./r/n5/r/n/r/n开/r/n采/r/n技/r/n术/r/n条/r/n件/r/n /r/n2/r/n5/r/n第4/r/n/r/n章 新/r/n兴/r/n煤/r/n矿/r/n监/r/n测/r/n监/r/n控/r/n系/r/n统/r/n设/r/n计/r/n /r/n2/r/n6/r/n4/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n矿/r/n井/r/n现/r/n存/r/n基/r/n本/r/n问/r/n题/r/n /r/n2/r/n6/r/n4/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n设/r/n计/r/n装/r/n备/r/n的/r/n原/r/n则/r/n/r/n依/r/n据/r/n /r/n2/r/n6/r/n4/r/n./r/n3/r/n/r/n设/r/n备/r/n选/r/n型/r/n /r/n2/r/n8/r/n4/r/n./r/n3/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n选/r/n型/r/n /r/n2/r/n9/r/n4/r/n./r/n3/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n电/r/n缆/r/n选/r/n型/r/n /r/n3/r/n1/r/n4/r/n./r/n3/r/n./r/n3/r/n/r/n其/r/n它/r/n设/r/n备/r/n选/r/n型/r/n /r/n3/r/n2/r/n4/r/n./r/n4/r/n/r/n机/r/n房/r/n设/r/n计/r/n /r/n3/r/n2/r/n4/r/n./r/n5/r/n/r/n机/r/n构/r/n设/r/n置/r/n及/r/n人/r/n员/r/n配/r/n备/r/n /r/n3/r/n3/r/n4/r/n./r/n5/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n机/r/n构/r/n设/r/n置/r/n /r/n3/r/n3/r/n4/r/n./r/n5/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n责/r/n任/r/n、/r/n维/r/n护/r/n守/r/n则/r/n规/r/n章/r/n制/r/n度/r/n /r/n3/r/n4/r/n4.6概/r/n算/r/n /r/n3/r/n4/r/n第5/r/n/r/n章 煤/r/n矿/r/n视/r/n频/r/n监/r/n控/r/n方/r/n案/r/n /r/n3/r/n7/r/n5/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n视/r/n频/r/n监/r/n控/r/n系/r/n统/r/n发/r/n展/r/n /r/n3/r/n7/r/n5/r/n./r/n1/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n视/r/n频/r/n监/r/n控/r/n系/r/n统/r/n的/r/n现/r/n状/r/n /r/n3/r/n7/r/n5/r/n./r/n1/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n视/r/n频/r/n监/r/n控/r/n系/r/n统/r/n的/r/n发/r/n展/r/n /r/n3/r/n9/r/n5/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n煤/r/n矿/r/n视/r/n频/r/n监/r/n控/r/n系/r/n统/r/n设/r/n置/r/n要/r/n求/r/n /r/n4/r/n0/r/n5/r/n./r/n2/r/n./r/n1/r/n/r/n系/r/n统/r/n组/r/n成/r/n /r/n4/r/n0/r/n5/r/n./r/n2/r/n./r/n2/r/n/r/n煤/r/n矿/r/n安/r/n全/r/n需/r/n求/r/n /r/n4/r/n2/r/n5/r/n./r/n3/r/n/r/n视/r/n频/r/n监/r/n控/r/n总/r/n体/r/n设/r/n计/r/n /r/n4/r/n3/r/n5/r/n./r/n4/r/n/r/n设/r/n备/r/n选/r/n型/r/n /r/n4/r/n7/r/n结 /r/n论/r/n /r/n4/r/n9/r/n致 /r/n谢/r/n /r/n5/r/n0/r/n参考文/r/n献/r/n /r/n5/r/n1/r/n附录/r/n/r/n1/r/n /r/n5/r/n3/r/n附录/r/n/r/n2/r/n /r/n5/r/n8/r/n附录/r/n/r/n3/r/n /r/n6/r/n0/r/n附录/r/n４/r/n /r/n6/r/n2/r/n附录/r/n/r/n5/r/n /r/n6/r/n6/r/n摘 要/r/nX/r/nX/r/nX/r/n随着国家经济的快速发展，/r/n煤炭工业出现了历史以来最好的情况，/r/n煤/r/n/r/n炭持续出现买方市场，/r/n煤矿效益大大提高，但煤矿安全生产形势依然严峻，/r/n重、特大瓦斯/r/n事故频繁发生。煤矿安/r/n全监控系统已成为煤矿安全管理、生产/r/n与设备管理的重要手段。通过本系/r/n统可以使管理层快速、及时、准/r/n确地获取/r/n生产相关数据，提/r/n高决策科学性，从而避/r/n免或减少因决策失误而造成的安全/r/n事故和财产损失。/r/n本文针对我国煤矿监测监控系统现状存在的问题以及发展的要求，改善/r/n/r/n了煤矿监测监控的系统组成，并根据/r/n七台河矿业集团新兴煤矿各种地质灾害/r/n实际情况，提出了/r/n矿井数字监控、视频监/r/n测监控系统的设备选型以及应用等/r/n问题的最优方案。/r/n关键词 /r/n环境安全监测 视频监控系统 /r/n中心站/r/nAbstract/r/nAs/r/nthe/r/nstate's/r/nrapid/r/neconomicdevelopment,/r/nthe/r/ncoalindustryhas/r/na/r/nhistory/r/n/r/nof/r/n/r/nthe/r/n/r/nbest,/r/n/r/ncoal/r/n/r/ncontinued/r/n/r/nbuyer's/r/n/r/nmarket,/r/n/r/ngreatly/r/n/r/nimproving/r/n/r/nefficiency/r/n/r/ncoal/r/n/r/nmine,/r/nbut/r/nthe/r/ncoalmine/r/nproduction/r/nsafety/r/n/r/nsituation/r/nis/r/nstill/r/ngrim,heavy,/r/n/r/nfrequent/r/n/r/noccurrence/r/n/r/nof/r/n/r/nmajor/r/n/r/ngas/r/n/r/naccidents./r/n/r/nCoal/r/n/r/nmine/r/n/r/nsafety/r/n/r/nmonitoring/r/n/r/nsystem/r/n/r/nhas/r/nbecome/r/na/r/nmine/r/nsafety/r/nmanagement,/r/nproduction/r/nequipment/r/nand/r/nan/r/n/r/nimportant/r/n/r/nmeans/r/n/r/nof/r/n/r/nmanagement./r/n/r/nThrough/r/n/r/nthis/r/n/r/nsystem/r/n/r/nwill/r/n/r/nenable/r/n/r/nthe/r/n/r/nmanagement/r/n/r/nof/r/n/r/nrapid,/r/ntimely,/r/n/r/naccurate/r/n/r/naccess/r/n/r/nto/r/n/r/nproduction/r/n/r/ndata,improving/r/n/r/nscientific/r/n/r/ndecision-making,/r/nso/r/nas/r/nto/r/navoid/r/nor/r/nreduce/r/nthe/r/ndecision-making/r/nerrors/r/ncaused/r/nby/r/naccidents/r/n/r/nand/r/n/r/nproperty/r/n/r/nlosses./r/nThis/r/narticle/r/nin/r/nview/r/nof/r/nour/r/ncountry/r/ncoal/r/nmine/r/nmonitor/r/nsupervisory/r/n/r/nsystem/r/n/r/npresent/r/n/r/nsituation/r/n/r/nexistence/r/n/r/nquestion/r/n/r/nas/r/n/r/nwell/r/n/r/nas/r/n/r/ndevelopment/r/n/r/nrequest,improved/r/n/r/nthe/r/ncoal/r/n/r/nmine/r/n/r/nmonitor/r/n/r/nmonitoring/r/n/r/nsystem/r/n/r/ncomposition,/r/n/r/nand/r/n/r/nacts/r/n/r/naccording/r/n/r/nto/r/n/r/nthe/r/nQitaihe/r/n/r/nmining/r/n/r/nindustry/r/n/r/ngroup/r/n/r/nXinxing/r/n/r/ncoal/r/n/r/nmine/r/n/r/neach/r/n/r/ngeology/r/n/r/ndisaster/r/n/r/nactual/r/nsituation,/r/nproposed/r/nthe/r/nmine/r/npit/r/nnumeral/r/nmonitoring,/r/nvideo/r/nfrequency/r/n/r/nmonitor/r/n/r/nquestion/r/n/r/nand/r/n/r/nso/r/n/r/non/r/n/r/nsupervisory/r/n/r/nsystem/r/n/r/nequipment/r/n/r/nshaping/r/n/r/nas/r/n/r/nwell/r/n/r/nas/r/n/r/napplication/r/nsynergies./r/nKey /r/nwords /r/nS/r/nafe monitor /r/nsupervisory /r/nsystem /r/n/r/nmonitors /r/nthe /r/nsensor/r/nvideo/r/nfrequency/r/nsupervisory/r/n/r/nsystem/r/n绪 论/r/n煤炭是我国重要的基础能源，/r/n在一次性能源生产和消费构成中历来占/r/n/r/n70%左右。“煤为基础/r/n、多元发展”，是解决/r/n我国能源问题的基本方略。但煤/r/n层的赋存条件和地质情况差异很大，很多矿井自然环境恶劣，/r/n受到水、火、/r/n瓦斯、粉尘、顶板事故等自然灾害的威胁，发生事故比较频繁。过去的人工/r/n巡回检查的监测手段已经远远不能满足现代化生产对监测数据的准确性、及/r/n时性和安全性的要求。因此，更新现代化的监测、监控设备，采用现代化的/r/n监测、监控手/r/n矿井的生产设备和工作环境进行全方位/r/n候的监测/r/n和监控是非常迫切的，/r/n也是非常重要的。/r/n矿井安全监测监控是运用现代科学方法/r/n人类赖以生存的安全状态进/r/n/r/n时尽可能灵敏并及时地收集到安全现状变化的信息和对人体/r/n健康有无异常变化的信息，在分析、评价这/r/n些资料的基础上尽早地采取具体/r/n有效的行动，以保护人类的正常生存与发展的体系。随着煤矿工业的发展，/r/n综合机械化采煤工艺不断完善，工作面/r/n单产不断提高，对环境/r/n参数的检测和/r/n对开采、运输各生/r/n产环节的协调要求越来越高。对环境和生产/r/n参数要求长期/r/n连续地进行可靠的检测，按一定程序进/r/n行控制。这就逐步形成/r/n了采用多参数/r/n多测点传感器，以电子计算机为中心的矿井监控系统。进入/r/n90/r/n年代，随着/r/n微电子技术、/r/n通讯技术、/r/n控制技术、计算机技术、/r/nCRT/r/n/r/n显示技术以及软件/r/n技术的迅猛发展，计算/r/n机更加广泛地进入工业控制的各个领域/r/n且正在发/r/n挥着越来越大的作用。与此同时，计/r/n算机技术在煤炭工业领域也得到了快速、/r/n广泛的应用。利用计算机进行实时监测是煤炭生产的一个重要环节。/r/n矿井监测系统其主要功能是能够及时/r/n地反映各类所需要的监测信/r/n/r/n息，从而满足诸如环境安全、胶带运输、/r/n轨道运输、供电系统以及对瓦斯、/r/n风速、一氧化碳、温度、负压等环境参数及设备开停、风门开闭、风筒风量/r/n不同监测对象的要求，/r/n/r/n以实现在生产中对全矿井的综合监测。/r/n随着计算机新器件的不断出现，在借/r/n鉴国外监控系统经验的基础上，我/r/n/r/n国矿井监控系统的研制得到了快速发展/r/n本形成了一个完整的体系，监控/r/n系统在我国生产矿井中得到了比较广泛的应用，并在矿井/r/n的安全生产管理方/r/n面发挥了重要作用。/r/n本文主要针对七台河矿业集团新兴煤矿地质灾害比较严重、/r/n瓦斯高突、/r/n/r/n有煤尘爆炸危险以及工作面温度越来越高的实际情况，/r/n从装备安全监测系/r/n统、设置防尘喷头/r/n等方面下手，达到对井/r/n下有害气体及工作面温度等进行有/r/n效的实时/r/n监/r/n控/r/n当/r/n各/r/n监/r/n测/r/n指/r/n标超限/r/n时/r/n本/r/n系/r/n统/r/n能够及时/r/n自/r/n动报/r/n警/r/n和/r/n切/r/n断/r/n电源/r/n，/r/n并且能够将各类监测到的数据及时传送到监测中心站，通/r/n过计算机对这些数/r/n据进行存贮和处理/r/n技术手段上很好的避免有害气体超限作业，改善矿工/r/n的健康与安全条件/r/n高劳动生产率/r/n，消除由/r/n此产生的事故隐患/r/n大地改/r/n善煤矿安全生产条件，/r/n/r/n可保证矿井的长期计划和工程的实现。/r/n第 1 章 /r/n安全监测监控系统的发展历程和趋势/r/n国家对煤矿安全生产的要求不断提高和企业自身现代化建/r/n/r/n设的需求，我国各大、中、小型矿井都陆续安装了煤矿监控监测系统。监控/r/n系统的装备为各级生产指挥者和业务部门提供了环境安全参数动态信息，通/r/n过对被测参数的比较和分析，为预防灾/r/n害事故提供技术数据，便于/r/n提前采取/r/n防范措施；通/r/n过对被测参数实时有效的控制，及时实现自动报警/r/n电和闭/r/n锁，便于防止/r/n事故的发生和扩大；在/r/n发生事故的情况下，能/r/n及时指示最佳救/r/n灾和避灾路线，为抢救和疏散人员、器材提供决策信息。/r/n国外/r/n20/r/n/r/n世纪六七十年代发展起来的煤矿监测监控技术，近年来在我国/r/n/r/n也有了飞速的发展/r/n种煤矿监测系统及配套产品应运而生。目前/r/n我国煤矿/r/n中使用的各类监测监控系统多达十几种/r/n有煤矿中已装备监测监控系统的/r/n矿井约占总数的三分之二。煤矿监测/r/n监控系统的应用对改善我国煤矿的安全/r/n状况，提高煤矿安全生产效率和现代化水平起到了重要作用。/r/n1.1 /r/n煤矿监测监控技术的发展历程/r/n1.1.1国外煤矿监控技术的发展/r/n国外煤矿监控技术是/r/n/r/n20/r/n/r/n世纪/r/n/r/n60/r/n/r/n年代开始发展起来的，至/r/n今已有四代产/r/n/r/n品，基本上/r/n/r/n5～10/r/n/r/n年更新一代产品。从技术特/r/n性来看，主要/r/n是从信息传输发/r/n生的进步来划分监控系统发展阶段的。/r/n第一代煤矿监测系统采用空分制来传输信息。60/r/n/r/n年代中期英国煤矿的/r/n/r/n运输机控制、日本煤矿中的固定设备控制大都采用这种技术。/r/n波兰在/r/n70/r/n/r/n年/r/n代从法国引进技术推出了可测瓦斯、/r/n一氧化碳、/r/n风速、/r/n温度等参数共/r/n/r/n128/r/n个测点的/r/nCM/r/nC-1/r/n系统。/r/n[1/r/n]/r/n煤矿监控技术的第二代产品的主要技术特征是信道的频分制技术的应/r/n/r/n用。由于采用/r/n了频分制/r/n，传输信道的/r/n电缆芯数大大减少，很/r/n快取代了空分制/r/n系统。其中最具代表性且至今仍有影响的西德/r/n/r/nS/r/niemens/r/n/r/n公司的/r/n/r/nTS/r/nT/r/n/r/n系统和/r/n公司的/r/nTF200/r/n/r/n系统。/r/n频分制的应用，体现了/r/n以晶体管电路为主的信息传输技术的发展，而集/r/n/r/n成电路的出现推动了时分制系统的发展/r/n而产生以时分制为基础的第三代/r/n煤矿监控系统，其中发展较快的是英国。/r/n英国煤炭研究院于/r/n/r/n1976/r/n/r/n年推出轰/r/n动一时的以时分制为基础的/r/nMINOS/r/n煤矿监控系统，并在胶带传输、井下环/r/n境监测、供电供水/r/n监测和洗煤厂监控等方面取得成功，形成了/r/n全矿井监测监/r/n控系统。这一系统/r/n的成功应用，开创了煤/r/n矿自动化技术和煤矿监测监控技术/r/n发展的新局面。/r/n到了/r/n80/r/n年代，美国以/r/n其拥有的雄厚高新技术优势，率先把/r/n计算机技术、/r/n/r/n大规模集成电路技术、数据通信技术等现/r/n代高新科技用于煤矿监控系统，使/r/n煤矿监控技术跻身于高科技之列。这/r/n就形成了以分布式微处理机为基础的第/r/n四代煤矿监控系统。其中有代表性的是美国/r/nMS/r/nA/r/n公司的/r/nDAN6400/r/n系统，/r/n其信息传输方式仍属于时分制范畴，但用原/r/n来的一般时分制的概念已不足以/r/n反映这一高新技术的特点。/r/n[/r/n2/r/n]/r/n1.1.2煤矿监测监控技术在我国的发展应用/r/n我国监测监控技术应用较晚，20/r/n世纪/r/n80/r/n/r/n年代初，原煤炭部组织了对国/r/n/r/n外煤矿监控技术进行大规模的考察和引进工作，大大促进/r/n了国内监控技术的/r/n发展。先后从波兰、/r/n法国、德国、/r/n英国和美国等（如/r/n/r/nDAN6400V、TF200、/r/nMINOS/r/n和S/r/nenturion-200）引进了一批安全监控系统，装备了部分煤矿；/r/n在/r/n引进的同时，/r/n通过消化、/r/n吸收并结合我国煤矿的实际情况，/r/n研制出/r/n/r/nKJ/r/n2、/r/nKJ/r/n4/r/n等系统并通过了鉴定，90/r/n年代以来，紧跟世界监测监控系统的发展潮/r/n流，研制开发出了/r/n一批具有世界先进水平的监控系统，如煤炭/r/n科学研究总院/r/n重庆分院的/r/n/r/nKJ/r/n90/r/n/r/n系统、煤炭科学总院常州自动化研究所的/r/n/r/nKJ/r/n95/r/n/r/n系统等，/r/n其主要特点是/r/n：监控分/r/n站的智能化水平进一步提高；具有/r/n网络连接功能；系/r/n统软件采用了/r/n/r/nWindows/r/n/r/n操作系统。同时，在/r/n“以风定产，先抽后采/r/n，监测监/r/n/r/n字方针和煤矿安全规程有关条款指导下规定了我国各大、中、小煤矿/r/n的高瓦斯或瓦斯突出矿井必须装备矿井监测监控系统。因此/r/n大小小的系/r/n统生产厂家如雨后春笋般的不断出现，为用/r/n户提供了更多的选择机会，并促/r/n进了各厂家在市场竞争条件下不断提高产品质量和服务意识/r/n践证明，安/r/n全监控系统为煤矿安全生产和管理起到了十分重要的作用。/r/n综合评价我国现有煤矿监测监控系统及配套传感器等设备的现场应用/r/n/r/n效/r/n果/r/n，/r/n煤/r/n炭/r/n科/r/n学/r/n研/r/n究/r/n总/r/n院/r/n重/r/n庆/r/n分/r/n院/r/n的/r/n/r/nKJ/r/n90/r/n、/r/n煤/r/n炭/r/n科/r/n学/r/n总/r/n院/r/n抚/r/n顺/r/n分/r/n院/r/n的/r/n/r/nKJF2000、天地科技股份公司常州自动化分公司的/r/n/r/nKJ/r/n95/r/n/r/n和北京瑞赛公司的/r/nKJ/r/n4、KJ/r/n2000/r/n等系统无论在软硬件功能、稳定性和可靠性、专业技术服务能/r/n生产规模等方面基本代表了我国煤矿监测监控系统的技术水/r/n/r/n平。/r/n1.2/r/n/r/n我国煤矿监测监控系统的发展趋势/r/n1.2.1发展全面的监测监控专家系统/r/n目前，我国有/r/n20/r/n/r/n余家生产监测监控系统的公司或研究所，其产品主要/r/n/r/n是监测环境安全参数，实现报警或断电控/r/n制，对生产设备的监测/r/n监控限于对/r/n设备的开/停/r/n状态进行监测，/r/n与煤炭生产全过程实行监测监控差距还较大。/r/n在软件技术上应研究开发能根据被监测环境地点的参数进行有效的危险性/r/n/r/n判别、分析和提/r/n出专家解决方案，在事/r/n故情况下，指示最佳救/r/n灾和避灾路线，/r/n为抢救和疏散人员/r/n材提供决策。同时系统/r/n软件应向网络化发展，按统一/r/n的格式向外提供监测数据。/r/n发展覆盖面更广/r/n监控参数更多的软件系统，为实现煤/r/n矿生产综合/r/n/r/n自动化奠定良好基础，/r/n/r/n是我国监测监控系统的发展任务之一。/r/n1.2.2研制高可靠性、/r/n/r/n品种齐全的矿用传感器/r/n目前，国产监/r/n控系统的配套传感器，主要存在/r/n两大问题：一/r/n是品种不齐/r/n/r/n全，用于监测环境/r/n参数的传感器较多，而/r/n用于监测生产设备工作运行状况参/r/n数的传感器少/r/n有的传感器不同程度存在精度差、可靠性不/r/n高的缺陷。/r/n特别是用于瓦斯综合治理和灾害预测的甲烷传感器，一直存在使用寿命短、/r/n工作稳定性差和调校期频繁的缺点，严重制约着矿井瓦斯的支持检测。/r/n在研制新型传感器是应高起点、高/r/n智能化，应充足利用微处理/r/n器的优点，/r/n/r/n做到自诊断、自校正、自调零、配置标准远传接口，统一传感器的传出信号/r/n制，以提高传输的可靠性、数据出来的简单性和传感器的互换性。/r/n发展配套齐全、/r/n/r/n高可靠性的矿用传感器是监控系统发展的关键技术之/r/n一。/r/n1.2.3合理的规范通信协议/r/n现有/r/n厂/r/n家的监/r/n控/r/n系/r/n统/r/n几乎都/r/n采/r/n用各自/r/n专/r/n用/r/n的/r/n通信协议/r/n互不兼/r/n容/r/n目/r/n前/r/n，/r/n信息传输系统的兼容性已成为装备监控系统的各集团公司/r/n进一步引进/r/n和扩充系统功能的制约因素。有些矿井/r/n为了安全生产的需求，在系/r/n统存在严/r/n重问题和得不到技术服务的条件下/r/n，不得不/r/n选择其他的系统/r/n。由此/r/n，通信协/r/n议不规范的后果是造成设备购置重复、不能/r/n随意进行软件升级改造。制定统/r/n一的专业技术标准/r/n促进矿井监控技术发展和系统的推广应用具有十分重/r/n要的意义。/r/n1.2.4实现全面化的网络管理/r/n虽然现在许多矿建立了局部的计算机网络系统，实现了/r/n本矿井的资源共/r/n/r/n享，但大多还/r/n处于一矿一系统，与外/r/n界几乎没有联系，其功/r/n能和任务也极其/r/n简单。今后的发展/r/n趋势是各生产矿井与矿物局、各矿物局与本/r/n省乃至全国煤/r/n矿系统构成统一完整、功能先进的计算机/r/n网络系统，真正实现/r/n更大范围的煤/r/n矿资源共享。/r/n第 2 章 /r/n安全监测 /r/n监控系统设置要求/r/n1./r/n矿井空气成分的监测/r/n矿井空气成分的监测主要是检测矿井空气中的污染物的浓度/r/n煤矿来/r/n说，这些污染物通常是指/r/n/r/nCH/r/n4/r/n、CO、CO/r/n2/r/n、/r/nNO、NO/r/n2/r/n/r/n等。/r/n在矿井安全监测系统中甲烷传感器占的比例最大。对/r/nCH/r/n4/r/n/r/n进行连续监/r/n测，目的就是当风流中/r/nCH/r/n4/r/n含量值增加到非常值时，立即发出警报，以撤/r/n出人员，切断/r/n该区域电源等。由于有/r/n了可靠的监测手段，某/r/n些国家已放宽了/r/n风流中/r/n/r/nCH/r/n4/r/n/r/n含量的极限值。如，波兰在应用连续监测/r/n/r/nCH/r/n4/r/n/r/n和风速的技术装/r/n备后，已把工作面入风流的/r/n/r/nCH/r/n4/r/n/r/n浓度上限量放宽到/r/n/r/n1%，而在设置屏蔽电缆/r/n的工作面则放宽到/r/n/r/n2%。/r/nCO/r/n/r/n是剧毒气体，它不仅会危害到工人的身体健康，而且还是矿井发生/r/n/r/n火灾的预兆，因而必须对/r/nCO/r/n/r/n进行连续监测。/r/nCO/r/n2/r/n虽不是有毒气体，也不会发生爆炸，/r/n但矿内空气中的/r/nCO/r/n2/r/n/r/n含量的/r/n/r/n增高却会导致矿井空气中的氧含量的降低，因此/r/nCO/r/n2/r/n/r/n气体也是监测的对象。/r/n矿尘不仅会对工人的身体健康带来严重的危害，而且具/r/n有爆炸性的煤尘/r/n/r/n还是矿井安全的重大威胁，因而对矿井/r/n进行连续监测是很有必要的。但由于/r/n目前监测空气中粉尘的传感器技术尚不成熟，目前还无法/r/n对矿尘进行连续性/r/n监测，只能采取定期测定的办法来评价矿井空气中矿尘的浓度/r/n备注：英/r/n国目前有一种可在井下连续测尘的单独测尘仪器西姆斯林/r/n/r/n种仪器有可能与监测系统联网而对矿井空气中的矿尘浓度进行连续监测。）/r/n2./r/n矿井空气物理状态的监测/r/n直接影响矿井空气物理状态的主要物理因素是温度、湿度/r/n和风速/r/n除会影响到矿井微气候外，还决定着/r/n进入矿井空气中的有毒有害气体及其他/r/n杂质的量。/r/n较大的风速可以保证矿井的风量，一方面达到稀释/r/nCH/r/n4/r/n浓度的/r/n目的；另一方面，/r/n较大的风速产生的紊流能使巷道边缘积聚的瓦斯被吹散。/r/n但是过高的风速却会使/r/n矿尘飞扬，影响/r/n矿工健康，对于有煤尘/r/n爆炸性危险的/r/n矿井则更是不利因素。/r/n/r/n因此对风速进行监测是非常重要的。/r/n随着煤炭生产的发展，矿井深度越来越大/r/n械化程度也越来越高，加/r/n/r/n上其它原因，矿井/r/n生产环境中出现了高温热害。高温热害一方/r/n面损害了矿工/r/n的身体健康，另一/r/n方面大大降低了劳动生产率，因此治理矿井/r/n高温热害是矿/r/n井通风工作者/r/n一个重要课题。对矿井高/r/n温热害进行处理，就必/r/n须摸清通风系/r/n统中热源地点/r/n，系统高/r/n温变化趋势。因而在高/r/n温矿井中，设/r/n置必要数量的温/r/n度传感器来监测温度就显得十分必要了。/r/n3./r/n通风设备（设施）/r/n/r/n运行状况的监控/r/n/r/n/r/n通风设备（设施）/r/n运行如果出现异常，/r/n将会引起一些不良的后果。如，/r/n局部扇风机的停止运转，可能会使掘进工作面发生瓦斯积聚。/r/n[/r/n3/r/n]/r/n因此每个矿/r/n井都要根据自己的安全需要，把一/r/n些重要的通风设备（/r/n设施）列入/r/n通风安全/r/n的监测范围。/r/n4./r/n/r/n其他监控/r/n/r/n/r/n在抽放利用瓦斯时/r/n保证人员及设施安全，还要在抽放泵输入/r/n管路中/r/n和储气罐输出管路中安设高浓度瓦斯、流量、压差、温度传感器。在煤仓处/r/n还要设置煤仓煤位传感器，对其煤位进行监测，以保证煤矿的安全生产。/r/n[/r/n4/r/n/r/n]/r/n2.1 /r/n监测和传输设备选择配置及测点布置要求/r/n2.1.1矿井瓦斯监测系统的组成/r/n矿井瓦斯监测系统一般由监测传感器﹑/r/n井下分站﹑/r/n信息传输系统和地/r/n/r/n面中心站等部分组成。/r/n通常可分为开环监测控制系统和闭环监测控制系统，/r/n前者为不利用监测量去控制（调节/r/n）所关/r/n联的井下设施和设备/r/n进行一般/r/n的遥控的系统/r/n；后者则/r/n还需利用监测量去控/r/n制（调节/r/n）所关联的/r/n井下设施或/r/n设备。/r/n1./r/n监测传感器/r/n监测传感器是矿井瓦斯监测系统的感知部分，它是用来/r/n测量系统所需测/r/n量的量或判断设备﹑/r/n设施状态的部件/r/n要有甲烷传感器﹑/r/n一氧化碳传感/r/n器﹑/r/n二氧化碳传感器﹑/r/n氧气传感器﹑/r/n温度传感器﹑/r/n风速传感器﹑/r/n压力传感/r/n器及各种状态（开关）/r/n传感器等。/r/n传感器的供电方式有两种：一种是一/r/n个传感器一个电源箱；另一个/r/n是集/r/n/r/n中供电的方式，即/r/n若干个传感器工用一个电源箱，而这种电源/r/n箱大多和系统/r/n分站在一起，井下使用的传感器的供电电源必须是本质安全型的。/r/n传感器模拟出的被测量的电信号分为电压型﹑电流型和脉冲型/r/n/r/n3/r/n/r/n/r/n国初期设计的传感器的输出制式还有电压型，/r/n其中档次分的较多.目前常用/r/n的瓦斯检测报警断电仪，如/r/n/r/nAYJ-1/r/n/r/n型或/r/n/r/nAYJ-2/r/n/r/n型、A/r/nBD-21/r/n/r/n型采用的都是脉/r/n冲型。/r/n2./r/n井下分站/r/n由传感器输出的统一制式的信号必须进入井下发送装置才能进入信息/r/n传输系统，这个发/r/n送装置称为井下分站。分站/r/n的作用是收集接入的各种传感/r/n器送来的模拟信号并进行整理；根据中心站的命令将各种监测参数和设施、/r/n设备工作状态参数发送给中心站；接收/r/n中心站的控制信息，执/r/n行中心站的各/r/n种控制命令，控制所关联的设备、设施。一些智能化程度比较高的分站，在/r/n系统电缆断开后，分站仍能继续工作，如实现超限报警、断电、连续记录监/r/n测参数等。目前井/r/n下分站的发展趋势主要是提高智能化程度，一般/r/n来说分站/r/n备有备用电源/r/n，在电网/r/n停电时仍能继续工作。大多数分站可以接入/r/n4-8/r/n个模/r/n拟量，输出/r/n/r/n2-3/r/n/r/n个控制量。我国早期生产的各/r/n种瓦斯断电仪，一些监/r/n测系统，/r/n如/r/nMJC-100A、A-1，/r/n采用一个传感器一个分站的形式，这种方式适用于中/r/n小型煤矿。/r/n3./r/n信息传输系统/r/n井下分站和地面中心站的连接部分是信息传输系统，它/r/n直接影响着信息/r/n的传输质量和系统的投资费用。在电磁干扰大，/r/n环境潮湿，/r/n有易燃、易爆、/r/n腐蚀性气体，空间小/r/n，有顶板冒落危险的/r/n井下，对信息传/r/n输提出了特殊的要/r/n求，特别是传感器分散分布，信号无法集中发送时，情况尤为突出。这就造/r/n成了矿井信息传输系统在结构上的特殊性。信息传输系统按结/r/n构可分为放射/r/n状、环状和树状/r/n3/r/n/r/n种。/r/n4./r/n地面中心站/r/n矿井瓦斯监测系统的核心部分是地面中心站。地面中心/r/n站目前大多由计/r/n算机和信号传输接口部分组成。信号/r/n传输接口将井下传来的信号解调送入计/r/n算机，而计算/r/n机则通过信息传输系统/r/n，向井下/r/n各分站进行通讯联系，发出指/r/n令，指挥各分站向/r/n中心站送回各种监测量/r/n面中心站的计算机根据井下各/r/n分站送来的各种监测信息处理的结果，必要/r/n时可向有关分站发出指令，指挥/r/n分站控制某种对象（/r/n如井下某地区瓦斯浓度超限，切断该地区的电源），操/r/n/r/n作人员也可根据计算机提供的清单，向/r/n计算机发出控制命令，计算/r/n机通过显/r/n示屏显示各种数据/r/n有实时监测数据，也可/r/n以了解过去某一阶段的监测数/r/n据，还可以知道发展趋势。/r/n计算机是整个矿井安全监测系统的核心/r/n前可分为两大类/r/n是集/r/n/r/n中式计算机监控系统，另一类是分布式。前者/r/n把计算机作为整个系统数据采/r/n集和处理的中心/r/n点是构成简单/r/n，易于管/r/n理；缺点是当/r/n主机或传输系统/r/n发生故障时，将导/r/n致整个系统的瘫痪。后/r/n者是利用智能远程分站将数据的采/r/n集、处理分散进行/r/n些可以通过本地分站就地处理的监测对象就不必进入/r/n监测系统连续遥测/r/n可以改变呼唤遥测/r/n些系统的分站有病肢切断功能，/r/n当系统某部位出现故障时，/r/n可以切断病肢，/r/n使系统其余部分正常工作.分布/r/n式矿井安全监测系统适用于地域分散/r/n、负载/r/n分散、环境条/r/n件较差的情况，其/r/n优点是在传输系统或主机出现故障时仍可进行工作。/r/n[/r/n5/r/n]/r/n2.1.2监测系统的选择配置要求/r/n矿井使用瓦斯监测系统的目的是为了通过采用新技术来改进采掘过程/r/n/r/n中的安全状况/r/n，改善矿/r/n井的环境与安全条件，提高生产率；保证矿井/r/n的生产/r/n计划和工程的实现。/r/n为此，系统的选择主要应从如下几个方面考虑。/r/n1./r/n/r/n矿井灾害情况/r/n/r/n/r/n如矿井瓦斯涌出量/r/n层自然发火、冲/r/n击地压及地温地热等灾害及程度/r/n都是确定建立矿井瓦斯监测系统类型的及程度都是确定建立矿井瓦斯监测/r/n/r/n系统类型的依据。/r/n2./r/n矿井生产情况/r/n要根据矿井生产能力的大小与生产系统复杂程度以及井下采掘工作面/r/n的数量、机电/r/n硐室数目/r/n、装煤点数目/r/n等一些需要监测地点的数量来确/r/n定瓦斯监测系统的装备容量，并在此基础上再考虑/r/n/r/n20％-30％的备用量。/r/n3./r/n系统的功能/r/n选择矿井瓦斯监测系统时应优先配用计算机系统进行数据处理，除汉字/r/n功能外，其软件功能要强，易于开发，有足够的容量，能够用来开展通风安/r/n全管理、数据统计、计算及报表编制工作，当监测点数较多时，应考虑生产/r/n监控和安全监测自成系统。在计算机的/r/n选型上应优先使用兼容机种，要能方/r/n便地和矿、/r/n局计算机联网。/r/n4./r/n综合技术、经济方面/r/n在进行矿井瓦斯监测系统的选择设计时应从技术的先进性/r/n的稳定/r/n性、安全的经/r/n济效益/r/n、使用维护方便性/r/n、吨煤/r/n投资和吨煤维护费用等方面进/r/n行综合技术经济分析，以作为选择矿井瓦/r/n斯监测系统的依据/r/n。原则/r/n上，被监/r/n测的信息量多少是确定选择系统大小的依据.一般来说，/r/n/r/n大型矿井应该选择/r/nKJF-2000、KJ-4、/r/nKJ-2000、KJ-2/r/n/r/n系统，也可以选择/r/n/r/nTF-200/r/n/r/n系统，/r/n中小型/r/n矿井可选择/r/n/r/nTF-200、A-1、A-2、MJC-100A、AU1、AYJ-80/r/n/r/n等系统，小型/r/n矿井可选择/r/n/r/nA-1、A-2、AU1、AYJ-16/r/n/r/n系统和/r/n/r/nABD-21、AYJ-2、AW/r/nBY-2/r/n/r/n等/r/n不带微机的单一瓦斯监测系统。/r/n需要指出的是，目前我/r/n国的矿井瓦斯监测系统仍处于开发阶段/r/n部分/r/n/r/n产品并没有最后定型，因此对每一种系统从技术发展上要有深入的了解。另/r/n外，由于我国的矿/r/n井有相当一部分是处于改扩建的过程中，因/r/n此在建立矿井/r/n瓦斯监测系统时，/r/n/r/n应把矿井的近期目标和矿井的中长期目标结合起来考虑。/r/n2.1.3监控设备选型要求/r/n2.1.3.1/r/n监控设备选型原则/r/n矿井监控系统是以环境监测和生产设备工况监控为目的，因此，矿井监/r/n控系统应满足：可靠性高、抗干扰能力强、抗故障能力强、监控种类多（/r/n如/r/n甲烷、风速等多种物理量的监测/r/n大、监控距离远、/r/n监控周期短、处/r/n理软件丰富、显示直观，操作方便、使用电缆少、安装维修方便、投资少、/r/n可配置远距离终端、/r/n方便与上级主管部门联网的要求。/r/n2.1.3.2/r/n监控总站和各分站主要设备/r/n基本配置：分站主机、电源、传感器电源、甲/r/n/r/n烷超限报警断电闭锁装置。/r/n井下分站应安装在便于工作人员观察、调度、检验、支护良好、无滴水、无/r/n杂物的入风巷道或硐室中。其距离巷道底板的高度不应小于/r/n0.3/r/n/r/n米，并加垫/r/n木或支架牢固固定。/r/n独立的声光报警箱要悬挂在巷道顶板以下/r/n300-400/r/n/r/n㎜/r/n/r/n处，悬挂位置应满足报警声能让需要听到的人听到的要求。/r/n地面中心站的布置要求：/r/n矿井监测系统中心站应配备/r/n/r/n2/r/n/r/n台计算机，一/r/n台工作，一台/r/n备用，并/r/n配有/r/n/r/n打印机和屏幕显示器。中心站要能遥测和/r/n记录所有瓦斯传感器的数据。中心/r/n站计算机电源应有在线式不间断电源或交流稳压器加后备式不间断电源供/r/n/r/n给。/r/n中/r/n心/r/n站/r/n机/r/n房/r/n应/r/n采/r/n用/r/n空调/r/n设/r/n施/r/n及/r/n抗/r/n静电/r/n地板/r/n。/r/n[/r/n3/r/n]/r/n中/r/n心站/r/n基/r/n本/r/n配/r/n置/r/n如/r/n/r/n/r/n0520-CH、P3070/r/n/r/n打印机、16/r/n2.1.4传输设备及器材选型要求/r/n1./r/n监测系统传输电缆要专用，不能与井下通信电缆合用，/r/n以提高可靠/r/n性。/r/n2./r/n/r/n监测系统各设备之间本质安全信号的连接宜选用蓝色外护套的矿用/r/n通信和信号电缆/r/n非本质安全信号之间的连接不宜使用蓝色外护套的电/r/n缆。/r/n3./r/n/r/n监测系统中井下设备所使用的电缆应具有阻燃性能。/r/n4./r/n监测系统中各设备之间的连接电缆需加长或作分支连接时，/r/n被连接/r/n/r/n电缆的芯线应采用盒线，或具有接线盒/r/n功能的装置，用螺钉压/r/n接或插头插座/r/n插接，不得采用电缆芯线导体的直接搭接或绕接的方式。/r/n5./r/n具有屏蔽层的电缆，/r/n其屏蔽层不宜用做信号的有效通路。/r/n在用电缆/r/n加长或分支连接时/r/n应电缆之间的屏蔽层应具有良好的连接/r/n且在电气/r/n上连接在一起的屏蔽层一般只允许一个点与大地相连。/r/n6./r/n/r/n所有传输系统直流电源和信号的电缆尽量与电力电缆眼巷道两侧敷/r/n/r/n设，若必须在同一侧平行敷设时，它们与电力电缆的距离不宜小于/r/n/r/n0.5m。/r/n2.2 /r/n监测设备各类传感器测点布置要求/r/n2.2.1回采工作面传感器选型及配置要求/r/n在低瓦斯矿井回采工作面（除瓦斯涌出量较大、变化异常的外/r/n/r/n安/r/n装/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n/r/nT/r/n1/r/n，/r/n该/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n的/r/n瓦/r/n斯/r/n报/r/n警/r/n浓/r/n度/r/n为/r/n/r/n1%CH/r/n4/r/n、/r/n瓦/r/n斯/r/n断/r/n电/r/n浓/r/n度/r/n为/r/n/r/n1.5%CH/r/n4/r/n，/r/n复电浓度为小于/r/n/r/n1%CH/r/n4/r/n，/r/n其断电范围应是工作面和工作面回风/r/n巷中全部非本质安全的电器设备。如图/r/n2-1/r/n回采工作面瓦斯传感器布置示意/r/n图。/r/n在高瓦斯矿井的回采工作面和低瓦斯矿井涌出量较大、变化异常/r/n的回采/r/n/r/n工作面，必须按图/r/n/r/n2-1/r/n/r/n所示设置传感器/r/n/r/nT/r/n1/r/n/r/n和/r/n/r/nT/r/n2/r/n，其中/r/n/r/nT/r/n1/r/n/r/n的规定同上，T/r/n2/r/n的报警浓度为/r/n/r/n1%CH/r/n4/r/n、瓦斯断电浓度为/r/n/r/n1.5%CH/r/n4/r/n，复电浓度为小/r/n于/r/n/r/n1%CH/r/n4/r/n，/r/n断电范围为回风巷内全部非本质安全的电器设备。/r/n在有瓦斯喷出或煤与瓦斯突出的回采工作面，必须按图/r/n2-1/r/n/r/n中所示同时/r/n/r/n安装传感器/r/n/r/nT/r/n1/r/n/r/n和/r/n/r/nT/r/n2/r/nT/r/n2/r/n/r/n的断电范围扩大到进风巷中的全部非本质安全的/r/n电器设备，/r/n如不能实现断电，也可增设/r/n/r/nT/r/n3/r/n。/r/n其中/r/n/r/nT/r/n1/r/n/r/n和/r/n/r/nT/r/n2/r/n/r/n的规定同上，T/r/n3/r/n的报警浓度为/r/n0.5%CH/r/n4/r/n、瓦斯断电浓度为/r/n1%CH/r/n4/r/n小于/r/n0.5%CH/r/n4/r/n，/r/n/r/n断电范围为工作面进风巷中全部非本质安全的电器设备。回采工/r/n作面采用串/r/n联通风时，进/r/n入串联工作面的风流中必须装设瓦斯传感器/r/n、瓦斯报/r/n警、断电/r/n浓度为/r/n0.5%CH/r/n4/r/n/r/n。/r/n综采工作面和高档普采工作面应在采煤机上安设机载式瓦斯断电仪。当/r/n/r/n机组附近瓦斯浓度达到/r/n1%时，发出声、光报警信号，达到/r/n1.5%时自动切断/r/n采煤机电源。/r/n高瓦斯矿井与低瓦斯矿井涌出量较大/r/n异常的回采工作进风巷道或/r/n/r/n回风巷道中，/r/n应设置系统风速传感器。/r/n风速传感器应设置在巷道前后/r/n/r/n10m/r/n内无分支分流、无拐弯/r/n、无障碍、断面无变化/r/n、能准确计算测风断面/r/n的地点。/r/n当风速低于或超过设计风速的/r/n/r/n20%时，应发出声、光报警信号。/r/n图/r/n/r/n2/r/n-/r/n1/r/n/r/n回/r/n采/r/n工/r/n作/r/n面/r/n瓦/r/n斯/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n布/r/n置/r/n图/r/n2.2.2掘进工作面传感器选型及配置要求/r/n在瓦斯矿井的煤巷/r/n煤岩巷和有瓦斯涌出的岩巷掘进工作面/r/n斯传/r/n/r/n感器按图/r/n2-2/r/n/r/n所示设置。/r/n图/r/n/r/n2/r/n-/r/n2/r/n/r/n掘/r/n进/r/n工/r/n作/r/n面/r/n瓦/r/n斯/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n布/r/n置/r/n示/r/n意/r/n图/r/n在高瓦斯、/r/n煤与瓦斯突出矿井，/r/nT/r/n1/r/n、/r/nT/r/n2/r/n/r/n应为高低浓度组合式瓦斯传感/r/n/r/n器。低瓦斯矿井的掘进工作面可不设/r/n/r/nT/r/n2/r/n、T/r/n1/r/n/r/n的报警浓度为/r/n/r/n1%CH/r/n4/r/n、瓦斯断/r/n电浓度为/r/n1.5%CH/r/n4/r/n，复电浓度为小于/r/n1%CH/r/n4/r/n，/r/n/r/n断电范围为掘进工作面及附/r/n近/r/n20m/r/n内全部非本质安全的电器设备。T/r/n2/r/n的报警浓度为/r/n1%CH/r/n4/r/n、瓦斯断电/r/n浓度为/r/n/r/n1%CH/r/n4/r/n，复电浓度为小于/r/n/r/n1%CH/r/n4/r/n，断电范围为掘进工作面巷道中全/r/n部非本质安全的电气设备。/r/n图/r/n/r/n2/r/n-/r/n3/r/n/r/n回/r/n采/r/n工/r/n作/r/n面/r/n进/r/n风/r/n流/r/n中/r/n有/r/n串/r/n联/r/n掘/r/n进/r/n工/r/n作/r/n面/r/n时/r/n瓦/r/n斯/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n布/r/n置/r/n示/r/n意/r/n图/r/n回采工作面的进风流中串联有掘进工作面时，应按图/r/n2-3/r/n/r/n增加瓦斯传感/r/n/r/n器/r/n/r/nT/r/n3/r/n。T/r/n3/r/n/r/n的报警浓度为/r/n/r/n0.5%CH/r/n4/r/n、/r/n瓦斯断电浓度为/r/n/r/n0.5%CH/r/n4/r/n，/r/n复电浓度为/r/n小于/r/n/r/n0.5/r/n/r/n%CH/r/n4/r/n，断电范围为回采工作面及回风巷中全部非本质安全的电气/r/n设备。/r/n图/r/n/r/n2/r/n-/r/n4/r/n/r/n掘/r/n进/r/n工/r/n作/r/n面/r/n串/r/n联/r/n通/r/n风/r/n时/r/n瓦/r/n斯/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n布/r/n置/r/n示/r/n意/r/n图/r/n掘进工作面与掘进工作面串联通风时，应按/r/n图/r/n2-4/r/n所示，在被串入/r/n的掘/r/n进工作面的局部通风机入口前/r/n/r/n3-5/r/n/r/n米处增加瓦斯传感器/r/n/r/nT3，其报警浓度为/r/n0.5%CH4，瓦斯断电浓度为/r/n/r/n0.5%CH/r/n4/r/n，复电浓度为小于/r/n/r/n0.5%CH/r/n4/r/n，/r/n断电范/r/n围为被串入的掘进工作面及其回风巷中全部非本质安全型电气设备。掘进机/r/n配有机载式断电仪时，/r/n工作面风流中不可另设瓦斯传感器。/r/n[/r/n6/r/n]/r/n2.2.3机电硐室传感器选型及配置要求/r/n机电/r/n设/r/n备硐室/r/n遇/r/n到/r/n下/r/n列情况/r/n之/r/n一/r/n时/r/n应设/r/n置/r/n系统或断/r/n电/r/n低浓/r/n度/r/n瓦/r/n斯/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器。/r/n1./r/n有瓦斯涌出的机电设备硐室，/r/n应在瓦斯浓度较大的地方设置一个系/r/n统或断电浓度瓦斯传感器。/r/n2./r/n在回风流中设置机电硐室时，瓦斯传感器按图/r/n2-5/r/n/r/n所示设置。在瓦/r/n/r/n斯矿井中只设/r/n/r/nT/r/n1/r/n，在煤与瓦斯突出的矿井中，还需在各进风侧布置瓦斯传/r/n感器/r/n/r/nT/r/n2/r/n、T/r/n3/r/n/r/n和/r/n/r/nT/r/n4/r/n。T/r/n1/r/n/r/n报警浓度为/r/n/r/n0.5%CH/r/n4/r/n，瓦斯断电浓度为/r/n/r/n0.5%CH/r/n4/r/n，复/r/n电浓度为小于/r/n/r/n0.5%CH/r/n4/r/n，T/r/n2/r/n、T/r/n3/r/n/r/n和/r/n/r/nT/r/n4/r/n/r/n的报警浓度为/r/n/r/n1%CH/r/n4/r/n，瓦斯断电浓度/r/n为/r/n/r/n1%CH/r/n4/r/n,/r/n复电浓度为小于/r/n1%CH/r/n4/r/n/r/n，各传感器的断电范围为机电硐室内全部非本/r/n/r/n质安全型电气设备。/r/n图/r/n/r/n2/r/n-/r/n5/r/n/r/n机/r/n电/r/n硐/r/n室/r/n瓦/r/n斯/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n布/r/n置/r/n要/r/n求/r/n3./r/n/r/n重要巷道内传感器的布置要求/r/n高瓦斯矿井的主要进风运输巷道内使用架线电机车时，装煤点处/r/n都必须/r/n/r/n安设瓦斯传感器/r/n置位置如图/r/n/r/n2-6/r/n/r/n所示。T/r/n1/r/n/r/n的报警浓度为/r/n/r/n0.5%CH/r/n4/r/n斯断电浓度为0.5%CH/r/n4/r/n，复电浓度为小于/r/n0.5%CH/r/n4/r/n，传感器的断电范围为/r/n装煤点上风流/r/n/r/n100/r/n/r/n米内及其下风流的架空线电源和全部非本质安全性电气/r/n设备.在瓦斯涌出区段，应按图/r/n2-7/r/n所示装设瓦斯传感器/r/nT/r/n1/r/n。/r/nT/r/n1/r/n的报警浓度/r/n为/r/n/r/n0.5%/r/n/r/nCH/r/n4/r/n，瓦斯断电浓度为/r/n/r/n0.5%CH/r/n4/r/n，/r/n复电浓度为小于/r/n/r/n0.5%CH/r/n4/r/n，传感/r/n器的断电范围为瓦斯涌出巷道上风流/r/n100m/r/n/r/n内及其下风流的架空线电源和/r/n/r/n全部非本质安全性电气设备。/r/n矿井的每一个采区/r/n翼回风巷及回风巷的测风站应安设瓦斯和风速传/r/n/r/n感器。矿井主要通风机的风硐内应安设风速和压差传感器。/r/n[/r/n/r/n4]/r/n图/r/n/r/n2/r/n-/r/n6/r/n/r/n架/r/n线/r/n电/r/n机/r/n车/r/n巷/r/n道/r/n中/r/n装/r/n煤/r/n点/r/n处/r/n瓦/r/n斯/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n布/r/n置/r/n示/r/n意/r/n图/r/n/r/n1/r/n-/r/n装/r/n煤/r/n点/r/n；/r/n2/r/n-/r/n架/r/n空/r/n线/r/n；/r/nT/r/n1/r/n-/r/n甲/r/n烷/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n图/r/n/r/n2/r/n-/r/n7/r/n/r/n瓦/r/n斯/r/n涌/r/n出/r/n区/r/n域/r/n瓦/r/n斯/r/n传/r/n感/r/n器/r/n布/r/n置/r/n示/r/n意/r/n图/r/n2.2.4瓦斯抽放与井下抽放站机房内传感器的布置要求/r/n瓦斯抽放与井下抽放站机房内，都/r/n/r/n应在距房子顶部/r/n/r/n300/r/n/r/n㎜处安设瓦斯传/r/n/r/n感器，当空气中瓦斯浓度超过/r/n/r/n0.5%时，发出声、光报警信号。/r/n抽放泵输入管路中应安设高浓度瓦斯、流量、压差、温度传感器，采用/r/n/r/n干式泵抽放时，/r/n输入管路中的瓦斯浓度低于/r/n/r/n25%时，/r/n应发出声、/r/n光报警信/r/n/r/n号。/r/n利用瓦斯时，还应在储气罐输出管路中安设高浓度瓦斯、流量、压差、/r/n/r/n温度传感器，输出管路中的瓦斯浓度低于/r/n/r/n30%时，应发出声、光报警信号。/r/n/r/n此外，还可酌情配置局/r/n部通风机风筒开关、风/r/n门开关、自动洒水、喷/r/n雾、/r/n粉尘、火灾及烟雾等传感器。/r/n2.3/r/n/r/n井下传感器装备量要求/r/n1./r/n井下传感器装备水平/r/n矿井安全监测系统井下传感器的配