清洁生产技术（英文版）

PRESENTER: JuliaBrown WasteResearchManagement& TrainingCentre ScientificResearchCouncilCLEANERPRODUCTIONTECHNOLOGIESObjective Toprovideindustrieswithanawarenessofbecomingefficientinanefforttoreducethecostofproductionandthusearningmore.CLEANERPRODUCTIONTECHNOLOGIESContentsi. WhatisCleanerProductionasitrelatestoproduct,processesandservicesii. BenefitsofCleanerProductionTechnologiesiii. ExecutionofCleanerProductioniv. CasestudyCLEANERPRODUCTIONTECHNOLOGIESCleanerproductionThisisanintegratedpreventivestrategy

appliedtoprocesses,productsandservicesasawaytoincreasetheefficiencyandtoreducerisksforhumanbeingsandtheenvironment.Forprocesses-thisistheefficientuseofrawmaterial,waterandenergy,theeliminationoftoxicordangerousproductsandthereductionofemissionandwastesatthesource.CleanerproductionInthecaseoftheproducts,thestrategyiscenteredaroundloweringtheirenvironmentalimpactandpromotingfriendlydesigns.CleanerproductionInthecaseoftheservices,thestrategyisfocusedonloweringtheenvironmentalimpactandpromotingfriendlyproceduresduringitsmanagement.CleanerproductionCleanerproductionInternalRecyclingSourcereductionProcessChangeProductChangeRawmaterialSubstitutionTechnologicalmodificationGoodPracticesCleanerproductionstrategiesPrismMethodologyEnterprisedataanditsprocesses.Materialsflowofwastesandemissions.Workgroupscreation.GenerateoptionsinCleanerproduction.EvaluateTechnology.Evaluateeconomy.Evaluateenvironment,Evaluateorganization,Selectoptions.ObtainfundingEquipmentinstallation.Adviseevaluationofresults.ProjectadaptationPlanningofnewprojectsToobtainacommitmentwiththeManagement.EstablishtheevaluatingorganizationToproposegeneralobjectives.Overcomingbarriers.BeginapreliminarystudyBeremindedoftheincreasingcompetitivitywithCleanerProductionPlanningandOrganizationPlantevaluationFeasibilityStudyImplementationLegislation-environmentallegislationisincreasingworld-wide.Thiscanreducetheriskofpenaltiesandprovidecompetitiveadvantages.CostSavings-Thisidentifyopportunitiesforcostsavingsviaenergyefficiencyandwasteminimizationmeasures.Customerrequirements-increasingbusinesseswillnotwanttoriskreputationorinheritliabilitiesasaresultofpoorperformancebysuppliers.Benefits: EMS/CleanerProductionMarketOpportunities-thiscanbealikelyfactorinmarketprofilingandprovideacompetitiveedge.CorporateImage-agoodenvironmentalrecordcanimprovecorporateimageandbetterrelationswithstakeholders.Adversepublicityonenvironmentalperformancecanbeverydamaging.Benefitscont.: EMS/Cleaner TechnologiesWhataretheeconomicbenefits?Energy,waterandrawmaterialWastesdispositionComplimentsandproceduresFinancingProductresponsibilityEconomicValueAddedEnvironmentalSystemManagementReductionofcosts:FlexibilityinpricesRelationshipwithclientsCompetitiveandstrategicpositioningAccesstothemaketIncreaseinservicesIncreaseofincome:Reduction

ofcoststodevelop

valueaddedThecostofafailureinEnvironmentalQualityTrainningManteinanceBetterprocessDesignofproductsExternalcommunicationPreventionx$1InpsectionandmonitoringReportsCalibrationDiscoveryx$10WasteofmaterialsTreatmentandcontrolProductivespaceTimeInternalerrorx$100ConsultancyfeesRemediationLossofclientsRelationwiththecommunityExternalerrorx$1000SystemApproachCompetitivitySupportProductsimprovementProcessesefficiencyincreaseProductioncostsdecreaseEliminationcostsdecreaseProfitincreaseMarketopeningProactiveviewbeyondthefutureAdvices:RawMaterialdetermination

Considerthefollowingquestions:Isthesizeoftherawmaterialsinventoryappropriatesotheirlossesmaybeminimized?Coulditbepossibletoreducethetransferencedistancesbetweenstorageandprocessingorbetweenoperationunits?Isthereanymutualcontaminationriskinreservoirsthatmaystoretwoormorerawmaterials?Arethematerialsackscompletelyemptied?Considerthefollowingquestions:Istherawmaterialstorageareasecure?Istheresolarlightincidenceinthestorageplace?Doesthematerialpumpingsystemreceivesmaintenance?Arethereleaks?Canthedrainagebebygravity?Advices:RawMaterialdeterminationConsiderthefollowingpoints:Fromwhereisthewaterextractedandwhereisthisstored?Waterstoragecapacityinplant?Howisthewatertransportedintheplant?Doesthereexistconsiderableprecipi-tationinthatplace?Advises:WaterconsumptionWhatisthewaterusedforineachoperation?Withwhatfrequencydoeachactiontakeplace?Howmuchwaterisusedineachaction?Advices:WaterconsumptionforeachunitoperationStrictcontrolofwaterconsumption.Concentrationsincrease-LessrawmaterialGoodmanufacturingpracticesoptions.Wastewaterstorageoptionsforapossiblereuse.Countercurrentsoaksandrecyclingofsoakwater.Advices:ReductioninwaterconsumptionALLdischargepointslocation.(frequentlythereismorethanone)Identifywheredotheflowsofmultipleoperationunitsorprocessareasjoin.Defineaprogramforthevolumesofwaterusedforeachunitoperation.Definemaximumproductionconditions,opening,closingandwashingtoobtainthewatergenerationcharacterizationoftheenterprise.Advices:EffluentcontaminationDetermineifthereexitacombinationofpluvialandresidualwaters.Usevolumetricmeasurementforsmallandintermittentflows.Advices:EffluentcontaminationIncludeintheanalysispH,DO,BOD,suspendedsolids,FOG.Useuptoitmaybepossibleacompoundsamplingforcontinuousflows.Advices:Effluentconcentrationde-terminationThefollowingquestionshavetobeasked:Arethereodourassociatedwithanyunitoperation?Isthereamomentwhereemissionsmaybemarked?Isthereanycontaminationcontrolequipment?Areemissionsdirectedtotheoutsideoftheconfinedspaces?Aregaseswashedintheenterprise?Advices:GaseousemissionscontaminationThefollowingquestionshavetobeasked:Whereistheoriginoftheresidue?Canitbeoptimizedbyanyprocesssotheremaybelessresiduegeneration?Canalternativerawmaterialsbeused