IRENA能源转型支持以加强2022年气候行动-130正式版

IRENA’SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTIONINSIGHTTOIMPACT2022©IRENA2022Unlessotherwisestated,materialinthispublicationmaybefreelyused,shared,copied,reproduced,printedand/orstored,providedthatappropriateacknowledgementisgivenofIRENAasthesourceandcopyrightholder.Materialinthispublicationthatisattributedtothirdpartiesmaybesubjecttoseparatetermsofuseandrestrictions,andappropriatepermissionsfromthesethirdpartiesmayneedtobesecuredbeforeanyuseofsuchmaterial.Citation:IRENA(2022),IRENA'sEnergyTransitionSupporttoStrengthenClimateAction:Insighttoimpact2022,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi.ISBN:978-92-9260-482-0AboutIRENATheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA)isanintergovernmentalorganisationthatsupportscountriesintheirtransitiontoasustainableenergyfutureandservesastheprincipalplatformforinternationalco-operation,acentreofexcellence,andarepositoryofpolicy,technology,resourceandfinancialknowledgeonrenewableenergy.IRENApromotesthewidespreadadoptionandsustainableuseofallformsofrenewableenergy,includingbioenergy,geothermal,hydropower,ocean,solarandwindenergy,inthepursuitofsustainabledevelopment,energyaccess,energysecurityandlow-carboneconomicgrowthandprosperity.AcknowledgementsThisreportwasauthoredbyToyoKawabata,MargaretSuh,andJoongYeopLee,undertheguidanceofBinuParthanandGurbuzGonul(Director,IRENACountryEngagementandPartnerships).Thereportbenefitedgreatlyfromvaluableinputs,commentsandreviewfromIRENAcolleaguesandfromClimateActionTaskforcemembers:AmjadAbdulla,ArvydasLebedys,ClaireKiss,ElizabethPress,HugoSavoini,KamranSiddiqui,PaulaNardone,SimonBenmarraze,JenniferIfeanyiOkoro(ex-IRENA)andReemKorban(ex-IRENA).Forfurtherinformationortoprovidefeedback:publications@Thisreportisavailablefordownload:/publicationsDisclaimerThispublicationandthematerialhereinareprovided“asis”.AllreasonableprecautionshavebeentakenbytheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA).However,IRENAdoesnotprovideawarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied,andtheyacceptnoresponsibilityorliabilityforanyconsequenceofuseofthepublicationormaterialherein.TheinformationcontainedhereindoesnotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsofallMembersofIRENA,norisitanendorsementofanyproject,productorserviceprovider.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialhereindonotimplytheexpressionofanyopiniononthepartofIRENAregardingthelegalstatusofanycountry,region,city,territoryorareaorofitsauthorities,orregardingthedelimitationoffrontiersorboundaries.Coverphoto:Sorn340StudioImages©ShutterstockCONTENTSFiguresandtables....................5Abbreviations.......................6.Executivesummary...................7.Energytransitionasakeydriverforclimateaction...................10.IRENA’sclimateactionsupportforNDCsandlong-termstrategies.......14IRENA’simpacttodate...............20.Africa 29countries,46activities..................20AsiaandthePacific 27countries,47activities.............24Europe 5countries,12activities..................28LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean 22countries,59activities......30Outlook...........................33.References......................... 34Annex............................35.3IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTIONANNEXAfghanistan.................36Liberia....................87Albania...................37Mali.....................88AntiguaandBarbuda.............38Mauritius...................89Argentina..................40FederatedStatesofMicronesia.........90Bahamas...................41MongolianPeople’sRepublic..........91Barbados...................42Morocco...................92Belarus....................43Mozambique.................93Belize....................44Myanmar...................94Benin....................46Nepal....................95Bhutan....................47Nicaragua..................96BosniaandHerzegovina...........48Niger....................97Botswana..................49Nigeria....................98BurkinaFaso.................50Niue.....................99Cambodia..................51NorthMacedonia...............100Cameroon..................52Pakistan...................101Chad.....................53Palau...................102Colombia...................54Panama...................103Comoros...................55PapuaNewGuinea..............104CookIslands.................56Paraguay..................106Cuba.....................57Peru....................107Dominica...................58Rwanda...................108DominicanRepublic..............59SaintKittsandNevis.............109Ecuador...................61SaintLucia.................111Egypt....................63SaintVincentandtheGrenadines.......112ElSalvador..................64Samoa...................113Eswatini...................66SãoToméandPríncipe............114Ethiopia...................67Senegal...................115Fiji......................68Seychelles..................116Gabon...................69SolomonIslands..............117TheGambia.................70SouthAfrica.................118Ghana...................71Sudan....................119Grenada...................72Tonga....................120Guyana...................74TrinidadandTobago.............121Indonesia...................75Türkiye...................122Iraq.....................77Tuvalu...................123Jordan....................78Uganda...................124Kazakhstan..................79UnitedArabEmirates.............125Kiribati....................80Uruguay..................126KyrgyzRepublic................81Uzbekistan.................127LaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublic.......83Zambia...................128Lebanon..................84Zimbabwe..................129Lesotho...................864IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTIONFIGURESFigure1DistributionofIRENAworkpackages(%)......................8Figure2Reducingemissionsby2050throughsixtechnologicalavenues............11Figure3NDCsubmissionstotheUNFCCCasofSeptember2022...............12Figure4SectorcoverageintheupdatedNDCs.......................13Figure5EnergyinupdatedNDCssubmittedtotheUNFCCC.................13Figure6IRENA'sengagementwithPartiestotheParisAgreement..............15Figure7DistributionofIRENA’sworkpackages......................17Figure8DistributionofsupportrequestsourcestoIRENA(%)................18Figure9EnergyTargetscommunicatedintheLT-LEDS....................19Figure10DistributionofIRENAworkpackagesinAfrica....................21Figure11DistributionofIRENAworkpackagesinAsiaandthePacific.............25Figure12DistributionofIRENAworkpackagesinEurope..................29Figure13DistributionofIRENAworkpackagesinLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean.......31TABLESTable1 IRENA’scountryengagementwithNDCandlong-termstrategysupportacrossregions.............................. 8Table2 IRENA’sclimateactionsupport .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .165IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTIONABBREVIATIONS°C degreesCelsiusCO2 carbondioxideCSP concentratingsolarpowerCVF ClimateVulnerabilityForumEU EuropeanUnionGt gigatonneGgCO₂eq gigagramsofCO₂equivalentGWh gigawatthoursIRENA InternationalRenewableEnergyAgencykWp kilowattpeakLDC leastdevelopedcountryLLDC landlockeddevelopingcountryMRV monitoring,reportingandverificationm2 squaremetresMtCO₂eq milliontonnesofcarbondioxideequivalentMW megawattMWh megawatthourMWh/kWp/yr megawatthourperkilowattpeakperyearNDC NationallyDeterminedContributionNECP NationalEnergyandClimatePlanREmap RenewableenergyroadmapRRA RenewablesreadinessassessmentSDG SustainableDevelopmentGoaltC/ha/yr tonnesofcarbonperhectareperyearTJ terajoulestC/ha/yr tonnecarbon/hectare/yearTPES totalprimaryenergysupplyUNDP UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammeUNFCCC UnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeWETO WorldenergytransitionsoutlookWh/kWp/yr watthourperkilowattpeakperyearW/m2 wattspersquaremetre6IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTIONEXECUTIVESUMMARYRenewableenergyisareadilyavailable,economicallyfeasibleoptionformitigatingtheimpactsofclimatechange.Assuch,itisanessentialcomponentofcountries’NationallyDeterminedContributions(NDCs)–theirvoluntarycommitmentstoreducegreenhousegasemissionstoachievethegoalsoftheParisAgreement.Increasingly,renewableenergyisalsoconsideredakeyelementofresilienceandadaptationstrategies.Becausecountrieshavedifferentcircumstances,resourcesandabilities,theNDCsvarywidelyintheirlevelofdetail.Thisisespeciallythecasewithrespecttoquantifiableinformationonrenewableenergyandelectrification,includinginformationontargetsandcosts.TheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA),asaleadinginter-governmentalorganisation,assistsitsMembers1intheireffortstotransitiontoasustainableenergyfuture.Itprovidesstate-of-the-artknowledgethatisthefoundationoftheAgency’scapacitybuilding,technicalassistanceandpolicyadviceactivities.IRENAworkswith83countriesthatarePartiestotheParisAgreementundertheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC).TheAgencyprovidessupporttoenhancetheambitionofcountries’climatecommitmentsandtoeffectivelyimplementnationalclimateactionpoliciesandplansthroughenergytransition.TheseincludetheNDCsaswellascountries’long-termlow-emissiondevelopmentstrategiestoreducingemissionsundertheParisAgreement.IRENA’ssupportengagementinitsMembercountriescoversatotalpopulationofaround2billionpeopleandcombinedemissionsofanestimated4billiontonnesofcarbondioxide(CO2)equivalent.TheAgency’ssupportactivitiesdedicatedtoNDCsandlong-termstrategies(referredtoas“workpackages”)offerauniqueopportunityforcountriestorevisetheirclimatechangemitigationandadaptationtargetsandtheassociatedimplementationplansthroughsustainableenergytransition(Figure1).83282326COUNTRIESSIDSLLDCsLDCs1IRENA’smembershipincludes167StatesandtheEuropeanUnion.Anadditional16countriesareintheprocessofaccession.7IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTIONFigure1 DistributionofIRENAworkpackages(%)2%Powersystemflexibility2%Gridassessmentandmodelling2%Renewableenergyroadmap3%Projectfacilitation1%Renewableenergyoutlook5%Policyadvice28%Dataandstatistics5%Long-termenergyplanning6%Capacityguildingpolicyandfinance6%Climateinnovationandtechnologycapacitybuilding12%Resourceassessment6%RenewablesReadinessAssessment6%ReviewofNDCsandnationalplansetc9%MRV9%ClimateinnovationandtechnicalanalysisGivenIRENA’sglobalmembership,theAgencyprovidesNDCsupportfornearlyalloftheregionalgroupingsofPartiestotheUNFCCC(Table1).AligningwiththesupportneedsandprioritiesofParties,IRENAprovidestechnicalassistance,capacitybuildingandothersupportcoveringallaspectsofthesustainableenergytransition,madepossiblethroughrenewableenergyandtheelectrificationofenduses.Table1 IRENA’scountryengagementinNDCandlong-termstrategysupportacrossregionsUNFCCCregionalgroupingNumberofpartiesengagedNumberofworkpackagesAfrica2946AsiaandthePacific2747Europe(mainlyEasternEurope)512LatinAmericaandtheCaribbean2259TOTAL83164CollaborationandinstitutionalpartnershipswithotherkeydevelopmentplayersstrengthenIRENA’ssupportforNDCsandlong-termstrategies.IRENAisamemberoftheNDCPartnership,animportantavenueforengagementonNDCs.Moreover,IRENAisanexpertenergypartnerintheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme’s(UNDP)ClimatePromise,whichallowstheAgencytoleverageitsextensiveknowledgewiththedirectandstableon-the-groundpresencethatUNDPoffers.Asaninter-governmentalorganisationworkingonenergytransition,IRENA’sengagementensuresacountry-drivenprocessfortheformulation,revisionandimplementationofbothNDCsandlong-termstrategies.TheAgencywillcontinuetoworkcloselywiththePartiestotheParisAgreementandprovideneeds-orientedsupportforthemtoimplementclimateactionplansandstrategiesthroughscaled-uprenewablesdeployment,electrificationanddecarbonisationsolutions.8IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTIONIRENAiscurrentlyextendingitssupporttoprovideinputsforPartiestodeveloptheirlong-termstrategiesthroughtechnicalanalysisandassistanceaswellasthroughcapacitybuildingactivities,suchasanalysisofthelong-termscenariosfortheenergytransition(LTES).IRENAwillalsofacilitatethedevelopmentofParties’climateactionprojectsbysupportingthemobilisationofinvestmenttowardsenergytransitionprojects,coveringactivitiessuchasinvestmentmatchmakingandthedevelopmentofcapacitiestodevelopprojects.Hon.Eng.CollinsNzovuMP,MinisterofGreenEconomyEnvironment,RepublicofZambia,ChairofAfricanGroupofClimateNegotiatorsH.E.Mr.TosiMpanuMpanuCVFThematicAmbassadorforRenewableEnergy,Chair,SubsidiaryBodyforScientificandTechnologicalAdvice,UNFCCC,Ambassador,CabinetoftheMinisterforEnvironmentandSustainableDevelopment,theDemocraticRepublicoftheCongo

"AccesstoappropriatefinancemechanismshasthepotentialtofuelAfrica’suniqueopportunitytoaccelerateenergyaccessanddrivedevelopmentthroughrenewableenergy.Weurgethedevelopedcountriestofullydeliverontheirclimatefinancepledges.ZambiaworkedwithIRENAonenhancingenergystatisticsfordevelopingenergybalances,providingtoolsandcapacitytoupdatethebalancesinthefuture.ImprovedenergydatahelppolicyplanningtoacceleratedeploymentofrenewableenergyandestablishingofNDCgoals.""ClimateVulnerableForum(CVF)andV20membercountriesaspiretodriveprosperitythroughclimateactionthatensuressustainabilityandresilientsocio-economicgrowth.EnergytransitionthroughhighsharesofrenewablesisoneofthemainpillarsoftheClimateProsperityPlan2030thatisastrategicinvestmentagendatoboostprosperityandtacklefrontlineclimatethreats.CVFandIRENAareworkingwithseveralCVFmembersstatesinscalinguprenewableenergyambitioninimplementingclimategoals.CVFlookforwardtostrengtheningitscollaborationwithIRENAonclimateactiondrivenbyhighsharesofrenewableenergy."(IRENA,2021).9IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTIONENERGYTRANSITIONASAKEYDRIVERFORCLIMATEACTIONTheoveralltrendincountries’climateambitionsispositive,indicatingthatenergytransitionplaysakeyroleinacceleratingclimateaction.FullimplementationofthelatestclimatecommitmentswouldbringtheworldclosertoachievingtheParisAgreement’sgoalofkeepingtheaverageglobaltemperaturerisebelow1.5degreesCelsius(°C).However,thereisstillapressingneedtoraisetheambitionofclimateactionandtoacceleratetheglobalenergytransitiontoachievenetzerogreenhousegasemissionsby2050.IRENA’sWorldenergytransitionsoutlook(WETO)2022underscorestheurgencyofacceleratingtheglobalenergytransitiontowardscleanerandmoresustainableoptionsforenergygeneration(IRENA,2022a).Theemissionsgapbetweencountries’climatecommitments–suchastheNDCsandnet-zeroemissiontargets–andtheeffortsnecessarytoachievethe1.5°Cclimategoalby2050isestimatedtobe20gigatonnes(Gt).Scalinguprenewablesandend-useelectrification,togetherwithacceleratedenergyefficiencymeasures,areessentialtoreduceemissions.Successfulmedium-andlong-termenergytransitionplansandstrategiesshouldbesupportedbyshort-terminterventions.Thepathwaycompatiblewiththe1.5°Cclimategoalrequiresamassiveglobaltransformationinthewaysthatenergyisproducedandinthepatternsofenergyconsumption.Amongthevarioussolutions,theenergytransitionisthemostfeasiblepathwaytohalveemissionsinthemediumterm,by2030(IPCC,2022).Integratingclimatecommitmentsandplanswithenergytransitionpoliciesisessentialforcountriestoimplementmoreambitiousclimateaction.WETO2022presentssixtechnologicalavenuestoachieveclimatetargets.Theseare:significantincreasesingenerationanddirectusesofrenewables;2)substantialimprovementsinenergyefficiency;3)theelectrificationofend-usesectors;4)greenhydrogenanditsderivatives;5)bioenergycoupledwithcarboncaptureandstorage;and6)last-mileuseofcarboncaptureandstorage.Pursuingthesetechnologicalavenuesatarapidpacewouldcontributetosignificantemissionreductionstowardsthegoalofachievinganetzerocarbonworldbymid-century.By2050,annualabatementof36.9GtofCO2isachievable,comparedtoareferencecasebasedonplannedtargetsandpolicies2(Figure2).2 ThePlannedEnergyScenario(PES)wasusedastheprimaryreferencecaseinIRENA’sWETO2021,buildingoncurrentenergyplansofgovernmentsandotherplannedpoliciesandtargets,includingNDCs.NotethatthePESdoesnotconsidertheNDCssubmittedaroundthetimeoftheGlasgowclimateconferencein2021(IRENA,2022).10IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTIONFigure2 Reducingemissionsby2050throughsixtechnologicalavenues6%FossilfuelbasedCOcaptureandstorage25%Renewables10%Hydrogen14%RenewablebasedCOremovals(BECCS)20%Electrification 25%EnergyeciencySource:IRENA,2022.ConsistentwiththerecommendationsmadeinWETO2022,IRENAoffersdedicatedsupporttoitsMembersthatarealsoPartiestotheParisAgreement,tailoringitsassistancetocountries’needsandprioritiesforsupport.Thisengagementincludessupportinenhancingtheambitionsofcountries’commitmentstoclimatechangemitigationandadaptation,aswellassupportfortheimplementationofMembers’climateactioncommitments.PartiestotheParisAgreementhavebeenincreasinglyenhancingtheirclimatepledgesandimplementingactionstowardsreducinggreenhousegasemissions.Recognisingtheurgencyofaction,Partiesagreedatthe26thConferenceofthePartiestotheUNFCCC(COP26)torevisitandstrengthenthelevelofemissionreductiontargetsfor2030,asstipulatedintheGlasgowClimatePact.ThecurrentroundofNDCs,updatedpriortothe27thConferenceofthePartiestotheUNFCCC(COP27),heldinNovember2022,definestheprogressionbeyondthepreviouspledges.CloudVisual©Shutterstock11IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTIONFigure3 NDCsubmissionstotheUNFCCCasofSeptember202219316624TotalpartiestoTotalNDCsSecondParisAgreementsubmittedNDCsIRENA’srecentanalysisoftheNDCs,releasedinNovember2022,indicatesthatasofOctober2022,183PartieshadincludedrenewableenergycomponentsintheirNDCs;withinthese,143Partiesprovidedquantifiedrenewableenergytargets.Further,82countrieshadsettargetsforrenewablepowerinboththeirnationalpoliciesandNDCs,while67countrieshadsetthesetargetsonlyinnationalplansand26onlyinNDCs.Atotalof21countrieshadnotmadeanycommitmentsspecifictorenewablepower3(IRENA,2022b).TheNDCSynthesisReport,releasedbytheUNFCCCSecretariatin2022,providesanoverviewofcumulativeclimatecommitmentsontheParties’NDCs(UNFCCC,2022).ThereportnotesthatifallNDCsareimplementedaspledged,totalgreenhousegasemissionsin2030wouldbewithintherangeof50.7Gtto52.2GtofCO2equivalent(CO₂eq).FullimplementationofthelatestNDCs,includingallconditionalcommitments,indicates10.6%higherthanthelevelofemissionsin2010.ToachievetheParisAgreement’sgoaloflimitingtheriseintheglobalaveragetemperatureto1.5°C,emissionswouldneedtobereducedbyaround45%fromthe2010levelinthemediumterm(by2030).Acceleratingrenewables-basedenergytransitionisfundamentaltoachievingclimateneutrality,asrenewablesarecentralmitigationmeasureaswellasinstrumenttofacilitateadaptation.FortheneworupdatedNDCscommunicatedsincethepreviousNDCsubmissions,91%oftheNDCsindicatedrenewableenergygenerationisthemostfrequentmitigationoption.ThelatestanalysisbytheUNFCCCSecretariatindicatesthatallofthesubmittedNDCshighlighttheenergysectorasapriorityareaforreducingemissions(Figure3).3 NDCtargetanalysisisbasedonNDCdataasof17October2022.12IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTIONFigure4 SectorcoverageintheupdatedNDCsEnergyAgriculture85%73%NDCsinSectorsLULUCF85%73%84%Waste75%76%IPPU65%LatestNDCsPreviousNDCsLULUCF:Landuse,land-usechange,andforestry.IPPU:IndustrialProcessesandProductUse.

100%100%TheNDCsofPartiesmostfrequentlymentiontheuseofdomesticmitigationmeasuresrelatedtorenewableenergy(UNFCCC,2021).Figure5 EnergyinupdatedNDCssubmittedtotheUNFCCC31% 35% 88% 92%Energy Grid Renewableenergy Energye ciency improvement generation supply13IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTIONIRENA’SCLIMATEACTIONSUPPORTFORNDCsANDLONG-TERMSTRATEGIESIRENA’smembershipcontinuestoexpressgrowinginterestinworkingwiththeAgencytoreceivetargetedassistanceforclimatechangemitigationandadaptationactiontoenhanceandimplementtheirNDCsanddeveloplong-termstrategies.AsofNovember2022,IRENA’ssupportwasprovidedto83countriesvia164workpackagestailoredtotheneedsandprioritiesofMembersthatarePartiestotheParisAgreement.Thissupportcurrentlycoversallglobalregions,withtheAgencyprovidingassistancetocountriesacrossAfrica,AsiaandthePacific,Europe,andLatinAmericaandtheCaribbean(Figure6).83 2billion 4billion 164COUNTRIES PEOPLE TONNESOFCOeq WORKPACKAGESKertu©Shutterstock14IRENA'SENERGYTRANSITIONSUPPORTTOSTRENGTHENCLIMATEACTION27Figure6 IRENA'sengagementwithPartiestotheParisAgreementAsiaandthePacificCLIMATEACTIONEuropeWITHRENEWABLESEnhancingNationallyDeterminedContributionsBelarusNorthMacedonia240 InputtoNDCalreadyprovided18 Implementationofsupport7 Workplandevelopment18 Scoping22LatinAmericaandtheCaribbeanAntiguaandBarbudaBahamasTrinidadandTobagoArgentinaBelizeColombiaBarbadosCubaDominicaGuyanaDominicanRepublicSaintLuciaPanamaEcuadorSaintVincentPerúElSalvadorandtheGrenadinesGrenadaNicaraguaParaguaySaintKittsandNevisUruguay11515Disclaimer:Thismapisprovidedforillustrationpurposesonly.BoundariesandnamesshownonthismapdonotimplyanyofficialendorsementoracceptancebyIRENA.

BhutanIndonesiaPakistanAfghanistan5FijiIraqCambodiaJordanLaoPDRCookIslandsKyrgyzRepublicMongoliaKazakhstanLebanonSolomonIslandsKiribatiAlbaniaMyanmarMicronesiaBosniaandHerzegovinaNepal(FederatedStatesof)TürkiyePalauNiuePapuaNewGuineaSamoa3TongaTuvaluUnitedArabEmiratesUzbekistan11511029AfricaBeninBotswanaChadEthiopiaBurkinaFasoCameroonEgyptGhanaEswatiniComorosMoroccoLesothoGabonSãoToméandPríncipeRwandaTheGambiaSudanSenegalLiberiaMaliMauritiusMozambiqueNigerNigeriaSeychellesSouthAfricaUgandaZambiaZimbabwe16 5 5 3IRENAengagescloselywithMembercountriesthroughitsworkpackages,whicharedeterminedinresponsetorequestsforsupport.ThevariousworkpackagesreflectMembers’supportneedsinordertoensurecountryownershipoftheprocessofdevelopingandimplementingtheNDCsandlong-termstrategies.IRENAbuildsonthefeedbackitreceives