全国职称英语考试理工类押题试卷4

2013年全国职称英语考试理工类押题试卷(5)第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1.Heexpressedconcernthattheshipmightbeindistress.A.despairB.difficultiesC.needD.danger2.It'salladvisableideatogetoutofthedispute.A.wiseB.urgentC.uselessD.proper3.Therewasnoalternativebuttoclosetheroad.A.wayB.meansC.choiceD.reason4.Heseemsbizarrethesedays.A.unusualB.absent-mindedC.crazyD.lunatic5.We'rehappytocollaboratewithyouintheproject.A.competeB.cooperateC.coordinateD.contend6.Thistextistoodifficulttocomprehend.A.understandB.digestC.summarizeD.read7.Theroomissmallbutcozy.A.coldB.splendidC.comfortableD.gorgeous8.Theleader'scorruptionunderminedtheimageofthecompany.A.establishB.damageC.strengthenD.consolidate9.Thenoveldepictsthehistoryofthenation.A.narratesB.illustratesC.describesD.exemplify10.Civilrightsareembodiedintheplatform.A.includedB.excludedC.expressedD.emerged11.Shelikestovisitexoticislands.A.distantB.interestingC.remoteD.backwards12.Thefoodwehaveisinadequate.A.toomuchB.toomanyC.notenoughD.notshort13.Manypeopleintheregionhavediedfromtheepidemicdisease.A.infectiousB.inferiorC.infiniteD.inevitable14.Sheisincapableofdoingthedemandingjob.A.qualifiedofB.incompetentwithC.goodatD.ignorantof15.It'sjustapettymistake.A.majorB.importantC.seriousD.minor第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。ComputerMouseThebasiccomputermouseisanamazinglycleverinventionwitharelativelysimpledesignthatallowsustopointatthingsonthecomputeranditisveryproductive.Thinkofallthethingsyoucandowithamouselikeselectingtextforcopyingandpasting(涂)，drawing，andevenscrollingonthepagewiththenewermicewiththewheel.Mostofususethecomputermousedailywithoutstoppingtothinkhowitworksuntilitgetsdirtyandwehavetolearnhowtocleanit.Welearntopointatthingsbeforewelearntospeak，sothemouseisaverynaturalpointingdevice.Othercomputerpointingdevicesincludelightpens，graphics(图形)tabletsandtouchscreens，butthemouseisstillourworkhorse.Thecomputermousewasinventedin1964byDouglasEnglehartofStanfordUniversity.Ascomputerscreensbecamemorepopularandarrowkeyswereusedtomovearoundabodyoftext，itbecameclearthatapointingdevicethatallowedeasiermotionthroughthetextandevenselectionoftextwouldbeveryuseful.Theintroductionofthemouse，withtheAppleLisacomputerin1983，reallystartedthecomputerpublicontheroadtorelyingonthemouseforroutine(常规)computertasks.Howdoesthemousework?Wehavetostartatthebottom，sothinkupsidedownfornow.Itallstartswiththemouseball.Asthemouseballinthebottomofthemouserollsoverthemousepad，itpressesagainstandturnstwoshafts(轴).Theshaftsareconnectedtowheelswithseveralsmallholesinthem.Thewheelshaveapairofsmallelectroniclight-emittingdevicescalledlight-emittingdiodes(LED)mountedoneitherside.OneLEDsendsalightbeamtotheLEDontheotherside.Asthewheelsspinandaholerotatesby，thelightbeamgetsthroughtotheLEDontheotherside.Butamomentlaterthelightbeamisblockeduntilthenextholeisinplace.TheLEDdetects(发现)achangingpatternoflight，convertsthepatternintoanelectronicsignal，andsendsthesignal(发信号)tothecomputerthroughwiresinacablethatgoesoutthemousebody.Thiscableisthetailthathelpsgivethemouseitsname.Thecomputerinterpretsthesignaltotellitwheretopositionthecursoronthecomputerscreen.Sofarwehaveonlydiscussedthebasiccomputermousethatmostofyouprobablyhaveorhaveused.Oneproblemwiththisdesignisthatthemousegetsdirtyastheballrollsoverthesurfaceandpicksupdirt.Eventuallyyouhavetocleanyourmouse.Theneweropticalmiceavoidthisproblembyhavingnomovingparts.16.Mostcomputeruserswanttoknowhowthecomputermouseworks.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.Accordingtotheauthor，generalcomputerusersneednottoknowhowthecomputermousewasinvented.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.Thecomputermousederivesitsnamefromthecablethatgoesoutitsbody,whichlookslikethetailofamouse.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.ThekeycomponentsofacomputermousearethetwoLEDs.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.Whenanordinarycomputermousegetsdirty，ithastobereplacedwithanewone.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.ThemostdurablecomputermiceonsalearetheIBMones.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.Theopticalmouseissuperiortothebasiconeinthattheformerhasnomovingparts.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～6段其中四段选择1个最佳标题；(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。MoreRuralResearchIsNeededAgriculturalresearchfundingisvitaliftheworldistofeeditselfbetterthanitdoesnow.Dr.TonyFischer,cropscientist,saiddemandwasgrowingat2.5%peryear,butwithmoderntechnologiesandthedevelopmentofnewones,theworldshouldbeabletostayahead.“Theglobaldeclineininvestmentininternationalagriculturalresearchmustbereversedifsignificantprogressistobemadetowardsreducingmalnutritionandpoverty,”hesaid.Researchisneededtosolvefoodproduction,landdegradationandenvironmentalproblems.Securelocalfoodsuppliesledtoeconomicgrowthwhich,inturn,slowedpopulationgrowth.Dr.Fischerpaintedapictureoftheworld’sabilitytofeeditselfinthefirst25years,whentheworld’spopulationisexpectedtorisefrom5.8to8billionpeople.Hesaidthatthingswillprobablyholdorimprovebutthere’llstillbealotofhungrypeople.Thebiggestconcentrationofpoorandhungrypeoplewouldbeinsub-SaharanAfricaandsouthernAsiain2020,similartothecurrentpattern.Ifthereisanychange,aslightimprovementwillbeseeninsouthernAsia,butnotinsub-SaharanAfrica.ThemajorimprovementwillbeineastAsia,SouthAmericaandSouth-EastAsia.Thedevelopingworldwasinvestingabout0.5%,or$8billionayear,ofitsagriculturalgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)onresearch,andthedevelopedworldwasspending2.5%ofitsGDP.Dr.Fischersaidmorewasneededfromallcountries.Hesaidcropresearchcouldproducetechnologiesthatspreadacrossmanycountries,suchaswheatproductionresearchhavingspin-offsforMexico,ChinaorIndia.“Technologiesstillneedtoberefinedforthelocalconditionsbutalotofthestrategicresearchcanhaveglobalapplication,sothatmoneycanbeusedveryefficiently,”Dr.Fischersaid.Yieldsofrice,wheatandmaizehavegrownimpressivelyinthepast30years,especiallyindevelopingcountries.Forexample,maizeproductionrosefrom2-8tonnesperhectarebetween1950and1995.Buttechnologiesdrivingthisgrowth,suchashigh-yieldvarieties,fertilizers,andirrigation,werebecomingexhausted.“Ifyouwanttosavethelandfornon-agriculturalactivities,forforestsandwildlife,you’regoingtohavetoincreaseyield,”Dr.Fischersaid.23.Paragraph1_____24.Paragraph3_____25.Paragraph4_____26.Paragraph7_____A.TheSameorImprovedFoodSupplySituationin2020B.ResearchFocusonIncreasedYieldC.MoreResearchFundingNeededD.LocalSituationsAnalyzedE.IncreaseinInvestmentonAgriculturalResearchF.SustainedDevelopmentofModernTechnologies27.Dr.Fischerclaimsthatagriculturewillcontinuetodevelop_____.28.Landcanbesavedforotherpurposes_____.29.Theinvestmentcanberegardedasefficient_____.30.Theglobaldecreaseininvestmentshouldbechanged_____.A.ifwecandriveyieldupB.whenMexico,ChinaandIndiajoinintheprojectC.SustainedDevelopmentofModernTechnologiesD.whenweusemoderntechnologiesanddevelopnewonesE.whenthedevelopedworldhelpthedevelopingworld第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇ExpertsCallforLocalandRegionalControlofSitesforRadioactiveWasteThewithdrawalofNevada’sYuccaMountainasapotentialnuclearwasterepositoryhasreopenedthedebateoverhowandwheretodisposeofspentnuclearfuelandhigh-levelnuclearwaste.InanarticleintheJuly10issueofScience,UniversityofMichigangeologistRodneyEwingandPrincetonUniversitynuclearphysicistFrankvonHippelarguethat,althoughfederalagenciesshouldsetstandardsandissuelicensesfortheapprovalofnuclearfacilities,localcommunitiesandstatesshouldhavethefinalapprovalonthesitingofthesefacilities.Theauthorsproposethedevelopmentofmultiplesitesthatwouldservicetheregionswherenuclearreactorsarelocated.“Themaingoal…,shouldbetoprovidetheUniedStateswithmultipleprocessthatrequiresacceptancebyhostcommunitiesandstates,”theauthorswrite.EwingandyonHippelalsoanalyzethereasonswhyYuccaMountain,selectedbyCongressin1987astheonlysitetobeinvestigatedforlong-termnuclearwastedisposal,finallywasshelvedaftermorethanthreedecadesofoftencontroversialdebate.Thereasonsincludethesite’sgeologicalproblems,managementproblems,importantchangesintheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency’sstandard,unreliablefundingandthefailuretoinvolvelocalcommunitiesinthedecision-makingprocess.Goingforward,effortsshouldbedirectedatlocatingstoragefacilitiesinthenation’snortheastern,southeastern,midwesternandwesternregions,andstateswithinagivenregionshouldberesponsiblefordevelopingsolutionsthatsuittheirparticularcircumstances.Transportationofnuclearwasteoverlongdistances,whichwasaconcernwiththeYuccaMountainsite,wouldbelessofaproblembecausetemporarystorageorgeologicaldisposalsitescouldbelocatedclosertoreactors.“ThisregionalapproachwouldbesimilartothecurrentapproachinEurope,wherespentnuclearfuelandhigh-levelnuclearwastefromabout150reactorsandreprocessingplantsistobemovedtoanumberofgeologicalrepositoriesinavarietyofrocktypes,”saidRodneyEwing,whohaswrittenextensivelyabouttheimpactofnuclearwastemanagementontheenvironmentandwhohasanalyzedsafetyassessmentcriteriaforthecontroversialYuccaMountainnuclearwasterepository.31.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestsubstitutetheword“withdrawal”inthefirstparagraph?A.Retirement.B.Canceling.C.Replaced.D.Disposal.32.AccordingtoRodneyEwingandFrandvonHippel,wheretolocatenuclearfacilitiesA.shouldbeapprovedbythefederalgovernment.B.shouldbeapprovedbylocalpeopleandstates.C.shouldbeapprovedbyCongress.D.isnotanimportantissue.33.WhatisNOTtrueaboutthe1987decisionbyCongressconcerningsitingofnuclearwastedisposal?A.YuccaMountainwasselectedastheonlysiteforanuclearwasterepository.B.TheselectionofYuccaMountainfornuclearwastedisposalcausedmuchcontroversy.C.ThedecisionbyCongresswasputasideduetoanumberofproblems.D.ThedecisionbyCongresswasacceptedbylocalcommunities.34.Whatdoestheauthoroftheessayinthefourthparagraphwanttosay?A.Effortsshouldbemadetosolvetheproblemsoftransportationofnuclearwasteoverlongdistance.B.EffortsshouldbemadetodevelopasmanynucleardisposalsitesintheUSaspossible.C.Effortsshouldbemadetodevelopnucleardisposalsitestosuitthecircumstancesoftheregion.D.Effortsshouldbemadetobuilduptemporarynucleardisposalsitesaspossible.35.Whatismeantby“regionalapproach”asmentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Wastedisposalsitesarelocatedclosetoreactorsandinplacessuitablefortheregionalcircumstances.B.Geologicalrepositoriesarelocatedinavarietyofrocktypes.C.Spentnuclearfuelandhigh-levelnuclearwasteismovedtodevelopingcountries.D.Wastedisposalsitesarelocatedfarawayfromreactors.第二篇TeachingMath,TeachingAnxietyInanewstudyaboutthewaykidslearnmathinelementaryschool,thepsychologistsattheUniversityofChicagolSianBeilockandSusanLevinefoundasurprisingrelationshipbetweenwhatfemaleteachersthinkandwhatfemalestudentslearn:Ifafemaleteacherisuncomfortablewithherownmathskills,thenherfemalestudentsaremorelikelytobelievethatboysarebetterthangirlsatmath.“Ifthesegirlskeepgettingmath-anxiousfemaleteachersinlatergrades,itmaycreateasnowballeffectontheirmathachievementsaidLevine.Inotherwords,girlsmayenduplearningmathanxietyfromtheirteachers.Thestudysuggeststhatifthesegirlsgrowupbelievingthatboysarebetteratmaththangirlsare,thenthesegirlsmaynotdoaswellastheywouldhaveiftheyweremoreconfident.Justasstudentsfindcertainsubjectstobedifficult,teacherscanfindcertainsubjectstobedifficulttolearn－andteach.Thesubjectofmathcanbeparticularlydifficultforeveryone.Researchersusetheword“anxiety”todescribesuchfeelings:anxietyisuneasinessorworry.Thenewstudyfoundthatwhenateacherhasanxietyaboutmath,thatfeelingcaninfluencehowherfemalestudentsfeelaboutmath.Thestudyinvolved65girls,52boysand17first-andsecond-gradeteachersinelementaryschoolsintheMidwest.Thestudentstookmathachievementtestsatthebeginningandendoftheschoolyear,andtheresearcherscomparedthescores.Theresearchersalsogavethestudentsteststotellwhetherthestudentsbelievedthatamathsuperstarhadtobeaboy.Thentheresearchersturnedtotheteachers:Tofindoutwhichteacherswereanxiousaboutmath,theresearchersaskedtheteachershowtheyfeltattimeswhentheycameacrossmath,suchaswhenreadingasalesreceipt.Ateacherwhogotnervouslookingatthenumbersonasalesreceipt,forexample,wasprobablyanxiousaboutmath.Boys,onaverage,wereunaffectedbyateacher’sanxiety.Onaverage,girlswithmath-anxiousteachersscoredlowerontheend-of-the-yearmathteststhanothergirlsinthestudydid.Plus,onthetestshowingwhethersomeonethoughtamathsuperstarhadtobeaboy,20girlsshowedfeelingthatboyswouldbebetteratmath－andallofthesegirlshadbeentaughtbyfemaleteacherswhohadmathanxiety.“Thisisaninterestingstudy,buttheresultsneedtobeinterpretedaspreliminaryandinneedofreplicationwithalargersample,”saidDavidGeary,apsychologistattheUniversityofMissouriinColumbia.36.WhatistheresultoftheresearchattheUniversityofChicago,accordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Girlscomfortablewiththeirownmathskillsarebetterthanboysatmath.B.Girlsuncomfortablewiththeirownmathskillsarenotasgoodasboysatmath.C.Femaleteachers’mathskillshaveinfluenceovergirlstudents’mathskills.D.Femaleteachers’confidenceintheirmathskillsisrelatedtogirl’smathskills.37.Whatisimpliedinthethirdparagraph?A.Mathteachers,likemathlearners,donotlikethesubjectduetoitsdifficulty.B.Adifficultsubjectlikemathmayaffectteachers’confidenceinteachingthesubject.C.Teachersaremoreanxiousteachingmaththantheirstudentslearningmath.D.Mathissodifficultthatnoteachersliketoteachit.38.Accordingtotheexperiment,thoseteacherswereprobablyanxiousaboutmathwhentheyfeltA.nervousmemorizingthenumbersofasalesreceipt.B.helplesssavingthenumbersofasalesreceipt.C.uneasyreadingthenumbersofasalesreceipt.D.hopelessfillinginthenumbersofasalesreport.39.ThesixthparagraphtellsusthattheresearchfindingsA.proveastronglinkbetweenfemaleteachers’mathanxietyandtheirfemalestudents’mathachievements.B.showthatmalestudentsarelesslikelytobeaffectedbytheirmathanxietythanfemalestudents.C.providestrongevidencethatmathsuperstarsaremorelikelytobemalesthanfemales.D.discoverastronglinkbetweenteachers’mathanxietyandtheirstudents’mathachievements.40.DavidGearythinksthatA.thestudyisinterestingbutitisbasedonunreliableresearchprocess.B.theresearchresultsneedtoberetestedbasedonalargersample.C.theresearchresultsneedtobereinterpretedtobemeaningful.D.thestudyiswellbasedandproducessignificantresults.第三篇HurricaneKatrinaAhurricaneisafiercelypowerful,rotatingformoftropicalstormthatcanbe124tol,240milesindiameter.ThetermhurricaneisderivedfromHurican,thenameofanativeAmericanstormgod.Hurricanesaretypicalofacalmcentralregionoflowpressurebetween12to60milesindiameter,knownastheeye.Theyoccurintropicalregions.Overitslifetime,oneofthesestormscanreleaseasmuchenergyas10,000nuclearbombs.Theseedforhurricaneformationisaclusterofthunderstormsoverwarmtropicalwaters.Hurricanescanonlyformandbefedwhenthesea-surfacetemperatureexceeds27℃andthesurroundingatmosphereiscalm.TheserequirementsaremetbetweenJuneandNovemberinthenorthernhemisphere.Undertheseconditions,largequantitiesofwaterevaporateandcondenseintocloudsandrain——releasingheatintheprocess.Itisthisheatenergy,combinedwiththerotationoftheEarththatdrivesahurricane.Whenthewarmcolumnofairfromtheseasurfacefirstbeginstorise,itcausesanareaoflowpressure.Thisinturncreateswindasairisdrawnintothearea.Thisspinningwinddragsupmoremoisture-ladenairfromtheseasurfaceinaprocessthatswellsthestorm.Coldairfallsbacktotheoceansurfacethroughtheeyeandontheoutsideofthestorm.Initially，whenwindspeedsreach23milesperhour，thesemild，wetandgreyweathersystemsareknownasdepressions.HurricaneKatrinaformedinthiswayoverthesouth—easternBahamason23August2005.KatrinahashadadevastatingimpactontheGulfCoastoftheUS，leavingadisasterzoneof90,000squaremilesinitswake－almostthesizeoftheUK.ThousandshavebeenkilledorinjuredandmorethanhalfamillionpeoplehavebeendisplacedinahumanitariancrisisofascalenotseenintheUSsincethegreatdepression.Thecostofthedamagemaytop$100billion.41.Whatistheeyeofahurricane?A.AnativeAmericanstormgod.B.Arotatingformoftropicalstormthatcanbe124to1,240milesindiameter.C.Acalmcentralregionoflowpressurebetween12to60milesindiameter.D.Astormthatcanreleaseasmuchenergyas10,000nuclearbombs.42.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthe“requirements”mentionedinthesecondparagraph?A.Thetropicalwatersarewarmandcalm.B.Thesea-surfacetemperatureexceeds27℃.C.Therearethunderstormsoverwarmtropicalwaters.DTheatmospheresurroundingtheseaiscalm.43.Whichofthefollowingisthebestexplanationoftheword“drive”inthethirdparagraph?A.Toguide,controlordirect.B.Toforcetogothroughorpushin.C.Tosupplythemotiveforceorpowerandcausetofunction.D.Toforcetomoveinaparticulardirection.44.Whatdoesthewarmairmentionedinthefourthparagraphproducewhenitisrisingfromthesea-surface?A.Highpressure.B.Lowpressure.C.Wind.D.Coldair.45.WhatisNOTtrueofHurricaneKatrinaaccordingtothelastparagraph?A.TheareaaffectedisalmostthesizeoftheUK.B.It1eftadisasterzoneof90,000squaremiles.C.Halfamillionpeopleareforcedtoleavethearea.D.Thehumanitariancrisisisasseriousasthatofthegreatdepression.第5部分：补全短文(第46～50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。MusicalTrainingCanImproveCommunicationSkillsAmericanscientistssaymusicaltrainingseemstoimprovecommunicationskillsandlanguageretardation.Theyfoundthatdevelopingmusicalskillsinvolvesthesameprocessinthebrainaslearninghowtospeak.Thescientistsbelievethatcouldhelpchildrenwithlearningdisabilities.46.Shesaysmusicaltraininginvolvesputtingtogetherdifferentkindsofinformation,suchashearingmusic,lookingatmusicalnotes,touchinganinstrumentandwatchingothermusicians.Thisprocessisnotmuchdifferentfromlearninghowtospeak.47.Shefurtherexplainsmusicaltrainingandlearningtospeakeachmakeusthinkaboutwhatwearedoing.Shesaysspeechandmusicpassthroughastructureofthenervoussystemcalledthebrainstem.48.Untilrecently,expertshavethoughtthebrainstemcouldnotbedevelopedorchanged.ButProfessorKraussandherteamfoundthatmusicaltrainingcanimproveaperson’sbrainstemactivity.Thestudyinvolvedindividualswithdifferentlevelsofmusicalability.Theywereaskedtowearanelectricaldevicethatmeasuresbrainactivity.Theindividualsworetheelectrodewhiletheywatchedavideoofsomeonespeakingandapersonplayingamusicalinstrument—thecello.49.Thestudyfoundthatthemoreyearsoftrainingpeoplehad,themoresensitivetheyweretothesoundandrhythmofthemusic.Thosewhowereinvolvedinmusicalactivitieswerethesamepeopleinwhomtheimprovementofsensoryeventswasthestrongest.50.Shesaysusingmusictoimprovelisteningskillscouldmeantheyhearsentencesandunderstandfacialexpressionsbetter.A.Bothinvolvedifferentsenses.B.NinaKrausisaneurobiologist（神经生物学家）atNorthwesternUniversityinIllinois.C.SomedisabledchildrenattendedthemusicaltrainingClass.D.Itshowstheimportanceofmusicaltrainingtochildrenwithlearningdisabilities.E.ProfessorKrausssayscelloshavesoundqualitiessimilartosomeofthesoundsthatareimportantwithspeech.第6部分：完形填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。ClimateChangePosesMajorRisksforUnpreparedCitiesAnewexaminationofurbanpolicieshasbeen51recentlybyPatriciaRomeroLankao.Sheisasociologistspecializinginclimatechangeand52development.Shewarnsthatmanyoftheworld’sfast-growingurbanareas，especiallyindevelopingcountries.willlikelysufferfromtheimpactsofchangingclimate.Herworkalsoconcludesthatmostcitiesarefailingto53emissionsofcarbondioxideandothergreenhouse54.Thesegasesareknowntoaffecttheatmosphere.“Climatechangeisadeeplylocalissueandposesprofoundthreatstothegrowingcitiesoftheworld,”saysRomeroLankao.“Buttoofewcitiesaredevelopingeffectivestrategiesto55theirresidents.”Citiesare56sourcesofgreenhousegases.Andurbanpopulationsarelikelytobeamongthosemostseverelyaff