2019-2020学年复旦附中高三上英语9月周练四

n.SectionBDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.fullyB.predeterminedC.schoolsD.environmentalAB.exhibitAC.cooperativeAD.surroundingsBC.extremesBD.biologicalCD.absolutelyABC.referredPeoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneis__21__andanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsareofcourseextremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsand__22__certainbehavior.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinet__23__ofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Thecontroversyisoftenconveniently__24__toas“naandnurture”.Thosewhosupportthe“naturesideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedby__25__andgeneticfactors.Takentoanextreme,thistheorystatesthatoutbehavioris__26__tosuchagreatdegreethatwealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstinets（本能）Proponentsofthe“nurturetheory,or,asareoftencalled,behaviorists,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheir__27__.Thebehavioristsvie'ofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic.Theystatethat,likemachines,humansrespondto__28__stimuli（刺激）asthebasisoftheirbehavior.Neitherofthesetheoriescanyet__29__explainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwo__30__andthatthecontroversywillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.川.ReadingComprehensionSectionA/11Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Everyonehatestowaitinlines.Wegetthatexhaustingfeelingthatourpreciouslifeis__31__awaywhilewe'redoingsomethingsomeaningless.Butitaysthe'lensgnthotoaflwthewaitwefindsounbearable.Ourbehaviorwhenwaitingisonlypartlydefinedbythelengthofthewait.Oftenthepsychologyofqueuingismoreimportantthanthestatisticsofthewaititself.Oneapparentaspectofqueuingpsychologyisthatwegetboredwhenwewaitinline.Thisissueis__32__inmanyways,frommagazinesinhospitalwaitingroomstothe__33__inelevatorssothatwecan__34__ourappearance.Wereallyhateitwhenweexpectashortwaitandthengetalongone.Butstudiesshowthatwearemuchmore__35__whenwearegivenanideaofhowlongwe'llbewaiting.WaltDisneyCo.knowsthisbetterthananyoneelse.Itpostsestimatedwaitingtimesfor__36__initsthemeparks.ButaccordingtoLarson,thesetimesare__37__sothatvisitorsgettothefrontofthequeuemorequicklythantheyexpect.Itkeepsthemhappy.Butperhapsthebiggestinfluenceonourfeelingsaboutwaitinginlinehastodowithourunderstandingoffairness.Whenitcomestoqueues,theuniversallyacknowledgedstandardisfirstcome,first__38__.Anydeviation（偏差）fromthis__39__isregardedasunfairandcanleadtoviolentqueuerage.Sometimes,however,wearewillingtomake__40__.Forexample,wearefinewiththe__41__giventothosewithamorecriticalconditioninhospital.Butinmostsituations,wedemandfairness.You'veprobablyexperienced__42__queueyourselfinfastfoodrestaurants,watchingpeopleintheotherlinemoveaheadofyou,__43__yourselfforhavingchosenthea”・“wrong”line.swebInordertosolvethisproblem,thewindinglinewasinvented.Slatemagazineexplains:sweb“Thewindinglinegroupsallcustomersintoonebigsnakingqueue,separatedbyropesorbarriers.Whenyoureachtheheadofthequeue,youaredirectedtothenext__44__server,orteller,orcustomsofficial,whichoffersimportantcomfort:you__45__neverhavetoseesomeonearriveafteryouandgetservedbeforeyou.”Inlife,waitingisinevitable.Butabetterunderstandingofthepsychologyofwaitingcanhelpmakeitaabitmorebearable.Whenallelsefails,bringabookorsmart-phonewillalsodo./11

31.A.floatingB.slippingC.slidingD.fleeing32.A.producedB.resolvedC.tackledD.dissolved33.A.mirrorsB.newspapersC.clocksD.beverage34.A.checkB.superviseC.criticizeD.neglect35.A.frustratedB.refreshedC.patientD.desperate36.A.queuesB.restaurantsC.visitorsD.attractions37.A.overlookedB.oversizedC.underestimatedD.overestimated38.A.servedB.leaveC.goneD.done39.A.theoryB.conceptC.principleD.discipline40.A.differencesB.exceptionsC.principleD.discipline41.A.powerB.priorityC.justiceD.chance42.A.mildB.strongC.severeD.intense43.A.reflectingB.complimentingC.laughingD.blaming44.A.availableB.approachableC.acceptableD.approvable45.A.possibleB.absolutelyC.actuallyD.reallySectionBDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)TheIndiancliffdwellings(崖居)ofthesouthwesternUnitedStatesareasourceofinterestandmysteryforarcheologist.LocatedintheFourCornersareaoftheU.S.,whereColorado,Utah,ArizonaandNewMexico,thecliffdwellingswereconstructedduringtheGreatPuebloperiod,fromapproximately1050to1300.Thecliffdwellingsarewholeseriesofroomsbuiltinlayersintothesidesofcliffs.Thesleepingroomsofthecliffdwellingswereverytiny,oftenonlyonetotwometerswideandlittlemorethanonemeterhigh,andtheywerebuiltincomplexesofuptoseveralhundredroomstogether.Thefrontroomsofthecomplexeswereconsiderablylarger.Theselargerroomswereapparentlytheroomswherethedailylifetookplace.Whenthecliffswellingswerefirstfoundbyexplorers,theyhadbeenabandoned./11Archeologiststodayareuncertainastowhenorwhytheywereabandonedandwheretheinhabitantswent.Thereissomeevidence,however,thattheinhabitantleftthecliffdwellingsneartheendofthethirteenthcenturybecauseofaseriousdroughtthatisknowtohaveoccurredintheareafrom1276to1299.Archeologistsbelievethattheinhabitantscouldhaveleftthecliffdwellingtomovesouthwestandsoutheast.TodaythedescendantsofthecliffdwellersareprobablymembersoftheIndiantribesofthatarea.Whenthecliffdwellingswerefound,theywere.popularwithtouristsB.fullofdailylifeC.desertedandlifelessD.inastateofdroughtWhydidtheFourCornersareareceiveitsname?ThecliffdwellingsintheareaeachhavefourcornersC.TheGreatPueblosarefour-corneredD.ThecornersoffourstatesmeetthereThearcheologistsarecertainabout.thereasonwhythecliffdwellersabandonedtheirhomesthatadroughtoccurredintheFourCornersareafrom1276to1299theplacetheinhabitantsofthecliffdwellingwenttothetimewhenthecliffdwellersabandonedtheirhomes.WhichofthefollowingisNOTdiscussedinthepassage?ThelifestyleofthecliffdwellersThesizeofthecliffdwellingsThemysteryconcerningtheabandonmentofthecliffdwellingsThelocationofthecliffdwellingsBelowisaselectionfromapopularsciencebook.Ifbloodisred,whyareveinsblue?Actually,veinsarenotblueatall.Theyaremoreofaclear,yellowishcolor.Althoughbloodlooksredwhenit'soutsidethebody,whenit'ssittinginaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin,it'smoreofadarkreddishpurplecolour.Attherightdepth,theseblood-filledveinsreflectless/11readlightthanthesurroundingskin,makingthemlookbluebycomparison.Whichworksharder,yourheartoryourbrain?Thatkindofdependsonwhetheryou'rebusythinkingorbusyexercising.yourheartworksuptothreetimesharderduringexercise,andshiftsenoughbloodoveralifetimetofillasupertanker.Butinthelongrun,yourbrainprobablytipsit,becauseevenwhenyou'resittingstillyourbrainisusingtwiceasmuchenergyasyourheart,andittakesfourtofivetimesasmuchbloodtofeedit.Whydoteethfallout,andwhydon'ttheygrowback-iunpgsr?ownBaby(or“milk”)teethdonotlastlong;theyfallouttomakeroombigger,strongeradultteethlateron.Adultteethfalloutwhentheybecomedamaged,decayedandinfectedbybacteria.Oncethissecondsetofteethhasgrownin,you'redone.Whenthey'regone,they'regonebecausenaturefiguresyou'resetforlife,andwhatcontrolsregrowthofyourteethswitchesoff.Dooldpeopleshrinkastheyage?Yesandno.Manypeopledogetshorterastheyage.But,whentheydo,itisn'tbethey'reshrinkingallover.Theysimpleloseheightastheirspinebecomesshorterandmorecurvedduetodisuseandtheeffectsofgravity.Many(butnotall)menandwomendoloseheightastheygetolder.Menloseanaverageof3~4cminheighttillyouwere,like60cmtall,likealittleboyagain?No,becauseoldpeopledontreallysh'rink!Itisnotthattheyaregrowingbackwards-theirlegs,armsandbackbonesgettingshorter.Whentheydogetshorter,it'bescausethespinehasshortenedalittle.Or,moreoften,becomemorebentandcurved.Whydoesspinningmakeyoudizzy?Becauseyourbraingetsconfusedbetweenwhatyou'reseeingandwhatyou'refeeling.Thebrainsensesthatyou'respinningusingspecialgravity-and-motion-sensingorgansinyourinnerear,whichworktogetherwithyoureyestokeepyourvisionandbalancestable.But,whenyousuddenlystopspinningthesystemgoesoutofcontrolandyourbrainthinksyou'remowhileyou'renot!Wheredofeelingsandemotionscomefrom?Mostlyfromanancientpartofthebraincalledthelimbicsystem.Allmammalshavethisbrainarea-frommicetodogs,cats,andhumans.Soallmammalsfeelbasicemotionslikefear,painandpleasure.Butsincehumanfeelingalsoinvolveother,newerbitsofthebrain,wefeel/11

morecomplexemotionsthananyothermammalsontheplanet.Ifexercisewearsyouout,howcanitbegoodforyou?smoreBecauseourbodiesadapttoeverythingwedotothem.Andasfarasyourbodyisconcerned,it's“useit,loseit!”It'snotthatexercisemakesyouhealthy;itofsmoreexerciseleavesyourbodyweakandeasilyaffectedbydisease.Whatisthecolorofbloodinaveinnearthesurfaceoftheskin?BlueB.lightyellowC.RedD.DarkreddishpurpleWhydosomeoldpeoplelookalittleshrunkenastheyage?BecausetheirspineisinactiveuseBecausetheyaremoreeasilyaffectedbygravityBecausetheykeepgrowingbackwardsBecausetheirspinebecomesmorebentWhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutourbrainistrue?Inthelongrun,ourbrainprobablyworksharderthanourheart.Whenourbrainsensesthespinning,wewillfeeldizzyThebrainsoftheothermammalsareascomplexasthoseofhumansD.OurfeelingsandemotioncomefromthemostdevelopedareainourbrainWhatisthemainpurposeoftheselection?TogiveadviceonhowtostayhealthyToprovideinformationaboutourbodyTochallengenewfindinginmedicalresearchToreportthatlatestdiscoveriesinmedicalscience(C)Increasingly,overthepastfewdecades,peopleespeciallyyoungpeople,havebecomeawareoftheneedtochangetheireatinghabits,becausemuchofthefoodtheyeat,particularlyprocessedfood,isnotgoodforhealth.Consequently,therehasbeenagrowinginterestinnaturalfoods.Foodswhichdonotcontainchemicaladditivesandwhichhavenotbeenaffectedbychemicalfertilizers,widelyusedinfarmingtoday.Naturalfoods,forexample,arevegetables,fruitandgrainwhichhavebeengrowninsoil/11thatisrichinorganicmatter.Insimpleterms,thismeansthatthesoilhasbeennourishedbyunusedvegetablematter,whichprovidesitwithessentialvitaminsandminerals.Thisinitselfisanaturalprocesscomparedwiththeuseofchemicalsandfertilizers,themainpurposeofwhichistoincreasetheamount--butnotthequality--offoodsgrownincommercialfarmingareas.Naturalfoodsalsoincludeanimalswhichhavebeenallowedtofeedandmovefreelyinhealthypastures（牧场）.Comparethiswithwhathappensinthemassproductionofpoultry:therearebatteryfarms,forexample,wherethousandsofchickenslivecrowdedtogetherinonebuildingtastelessasfood,theyalsolayeggswhichlackimportantvitamins.Thereareotheraspectsofhealthyeatingwhicharenowreceivingincreasingattentionfromexpertsondiet.Take,forexample,thequestionofsugar.Thisisactuallyanon-essentialfood!Althoughanaturalalternative,suchashoney,canbeusedtosweetenfoodifitisnecessary,wecaninfactdowithoutit.Itisnotthatsugarisharmfulinitself.Butitdoesseemtobeaddictive:thequantityweusehasgrownsteadilyoverthelasttwocenturiesandinBritaintodayeachpersonconsumesanaverageof200poundsayear!Yetallitdoesistoprovideuswithenergy,intheform.ofcalories.Therearenovitaminsinit,nomineralsandnofiber.Itissignificantthatnowadaysfiberisconsideredtobeanimportantpartofahealthydiet.Inwhitebread,forexample,thefiberhasbeenremoved.Butitispresentinunrefinedflourandofcourseinvegetables.Itisinterestingtonotethatincountrieswherethenationaldietcontainslargequantifiesofunrefinedflourandvegetables,certaindiseasesarecomparativelyrare.Hencetheemphasisisplacedontheeatingofwholemealbreadandmorevegetablesbymodernexpertson“healthyeating”.Peoplehavebecomemoreinterestedinnaturalfoodsbecause.theyaremorehealthconscioustheywanttotasteallkindsoffoodsnaturalfoodsaremoredeliciousthanprocessedfoodstheywanttoreturntonatureSoilthatisrichinorganicmatter.hasbandchemicalsandfertilizeraddedtoitcontainsvegetablematterthathasnotbeenconsumedhasbeennourishedbyfertilizer/11alreadycontainslargequantitiesofvitaminsandminerals.Accordingtothepassage.。peopleneedsugartogiventhemenergysugarisbadforhealththeaddictionofeatingsugarmakespeopledependonitsugaronlysweetensfood,butprovidesuswithnothingusefulThebesttitleforthispassageis.People'sGrowingInterestinNaturalFoodsNaturalFoodsandHealthDietHarmfulEffectsofSugarTheImportaneeofFibreinFoodsSectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Therushofcarsintothecommunityforcedalllevelsofgovernmenttobuildnewandbetterroads.The1980sand1990ssawanupswinginthepopularityofbigcars.Whenacarisequippedwithatelephoneandtelevisionset,acomputer,andglobalpositioningsatelliteconnections,itcanfeeljustlikehome.Theautomobiletraveledfasterthanthespeedofreason;itpromisedtomakeeveryoneapathfindertoabetterlife.AB.TomanyAmericans,carsarethestatussymbol,andthedisplayofwealthandsuccess.AC.Underpressurefromavarietyofgroups,thefederalgovernmentrequiredthatnewermodelsprovidegreaterfuelefficiencyandcleaneremissions.TheautomobilemaynotbecloselyassociatedwithmodernAmericanculture,butithasoccupiedacentralroleinAmerica'seconomicandsocialhistory.NoonecandenythestatusofHenryFordincarhistory.WhenthefirstFordModelTrolledofftheassemblylinein1908,businessmanHenryFordtransformedthecarfromaluxuryattachmentfortherichtoanautomobileproductforthemiddleclasses.(58)/11Betterroadsfedthedemandforlarger,faster,morestylishvehicles,andahostofcompaniesrushedtomeetthatdemand.IftherewasafirstGoldenAgeofautomobile,itmaywellhavebeenthe1950s.Itwasanageofprosperity.Large,regularpaychecksencouragedthepublicdisplayofwealththroughcostlyitemssuchasnewcars.Americans,moreover,neededthosecarsastheymovedawayfromthecitiesintothesuburbs,wheresuchthingsasstores,jobs,andschoolswereseldomwithinwalkingdistance.Carsbecameessentialifpeopleweretogettoworkortothegrocerystore.Asthe1950sslippedinto1960s,itbecameapparentthatthesefashionablewheelsweregas-consumingroadcruisers,dangerousinanaccident,andoftenfulloffaults.(59)Seatbeltsbecamestandardequipmentaswell.Risingfuelpricesinthe1970s,coupledwithconcernfortheenvironment,madethesmallercarsproducedbyforeigncompaniesforEuropeanandAsianmarketsverypopular.(60)Newmodelsincludingminivansandsportutilityvehicleshavebecomemainproductsinautodealers'showrooms.TrafficjamsontheroadshavebecomepartoftheAmericanwayoflife.In1911ahorsecouldtravelthroughrush-hourtrafficinLosAngelesat11milesperhour.In2000acarcoveringthesameterritoryatthesametimeofdaymovedatabout4milesperhour.Butperhapsthatisnotimportant.(61)IV.GrammarDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Somescientiststhinktheautomobileisgoingtobeuseless.Theysayonedayinthefuturealltheautoswillbethrownawayand(1)wewon'tusethemmymore.(2),however,thinktheautoisheretostay.Theyholdthatthecarwillremain(3)leadingmeansofurbantravelintheforeseeablefuture.Themotorcarwillundoubtedlychangealotovert