现代造船技术

ModernShipConstructionModernShipConstructionTechnologyUnitPaintingandTightness

ModernShipConstructionWhatare5stepsforaxlesystemCenterline,openhole,screw-shafttube,propeller,Whatare4stepsofelectricalIndoorpreparation,cabling,equipmentinstallation,adjustmentandtest.Whatarethe3corrosionprotectionPaint,cathodic,oxideModernShipConstructionPaintingincludesallpaintingprocess,relativetechnologies,andmanagementactivities,justlikepaintingmaterial,paintingcover,surfacetreatmentetc.paintingthroughoutallshipvarietyofpaintingcomplexpaintingimportanceofpaintingModernShipConstructionPaintingthroughoutallShipThefirststepandlaststepofshipconstructionareallpainting.Andpaintingwillbethroughoutallshipconstruction.ModernShipConstructionVarietyofPaintingDifferentpartsoftheshipwillbeindifferentcorrosiveenvironment,sodifferentpartsoftheshiphavedifferentpaintingrequirements.Shippaintingneedsdecadesofpaintingmaterialswhichshouldbemixedinorder.Oneortwofirstcoatingandsurfacecoatingobviouslycannotsatisfytherequirements.Varietyofpaintingmaterialsdecidedifferentworkingconditions,workingmethods,workingprocessesandworkingtools.Itisnecessarytomakesuitableplan,tousesuitablemethods,toworkatsuitablestages.ModernShipConstructionComplexPaintingWeshouldarrangepaintingjobsatdifferentshipconstructionstages.Balancepaintingjobworkload,andnotaffectotherconstructionEnsurepaintingquality,andnotwastepaintingRaiseproductivitytoshortenpaintingcycletime,andnotagainstpaintingtechnicalandprocessrequirementstoensurepaintingquality.ModernShipConstructionImportanceofPaintingAlmostallmarinepaintingmaterialshaveflammabletoxicorganicPaintingjobsareoftenexecutedinpoorventilationnarrowspace,sometimesinconfinedTherearemanyfiresourcesduringallshipconstruction.TherearegreatdangerssuchasburningandThereisagreatdangertobeThereshouldbestrictsafetyprotection,suchas ModernShipConstructionPaintingissystematicprojectincludingdesign,process,technologyandmanagement.AdvancesinpaintingModernShipConstructionDesignisselectsuitableprocessandtechnologytreatmentstoanswerrequestsofcorrosionprotection,anti-foulinganddecorativelandsca QuoteContractDetailProductionModernShipConstructionSteelsurfacepretreatmentandfirstcoatinginSurfacetreatmentbeforepainting(secondarycleaningandsurfaceIthasblockpainting,berthpainting,pieronboardcoating,dockpaintingandoutfittingdocketc.manyModernShipConstructionPaintingCoatingCoatingPaintingPaintingPaintingPaintingsafetyModernShipConstructionAdvancesinPaintingNewprocessforsteelrawmaterialpretreatmentandworkshopfirstcoatingareusedwidely.IndoorshotblastingandpowertoolsreplacedmanualrustaymoreattentiontoclimaticconditionsforpaintingStandardsforpaintingjobsandpaintingqualitieshaveNewhighperformancepaintingmaterialsareAdvancedpaintingtoolsandtestingtoolsarewidelyAdvanceddesigntechnologies,productionmanagementmethodsareconstantlyModernShipConstructionModernPaintingLargepaintingfacilities,suchassteelpretreatmentindoorpaintingStandardsystem,suchasdesign,execution,qualitymanagement,materialsmanagementetc.Paintingplanning,suchastodecidepaintingtiming,paintingorderetc.Computeraidedjobs,suchasrunning,design,planning,materialsmanagement,andworkloadModernShipConstructionModernPaintingOrganizationimprovement,suchasdesign,executioninordertoadaptmodernshipconstruction. ,outfitting,painting”integration,suchastoproductiondesignwithpaintingPaintingsafetymanagement,suchassafetyeducation,individuallaborsafetyprotection,accidentspreventionandoccupationaldiseasepreventionetc.ModernShipConstructionPaintingPreparationbeforeCanopening,stirring,mixingandripening,dilution,filtration,toning.PaintingBrush,roller,compressedairspray,highpressureairlessPaintingModernShipConstructionPaintingManualbrushingtools:paintbrush,paintroller,steelskinscraper,hornscraper,plasticscraperandrubberscraperetc.Airspray:themaintoolisairsprayAirlessspray:themaintoolishigh-pressureairlesssprayer,Ithascompressedairdriven,electricdriven,diesel-driventhree大 枪 ModernShipConstructionPaintingPaintingmaterialsCanbedriedatroomShouldbesuitableforthickShouldhavegoodelectric andalkaliforhullunderwaterline.ShouldhavegoodfireproofperformanceandlesssmokecaseModernShipConstructionPainting名称车间底磷化底漆（聚乙烯醇缩丁醛树脂环氧富锌环氧铁红．无机硅酸锌船底锈沥青船底防锈 ．氯化橡胶类船底防锈 d．环氧沥青船底防船底污溶解型（沥青、松香、氧化亚铜接触型（氯化橡丙烯酸树脂与氧化亚铜扩散型（氯化橡丙烯酸树脂与松香、有机锡自抛光型（有机锡高聚物ModernShipConstruction船用防锈

Paintinga．红丹防锈漆（油基、醇酸树脂、酚醛树脂、环氧酯） 云铁防锈漆（油基、酚醛树脂、环氧树脂、环氧酯）d．

b项常带加入水线

酚醛水线 ．丙烯酸树脂水e．乙烯树脂水线

氯化橡胶水线d．环氧水

c项常以氯化橡胶改f．水线防污漆（接触型、扩散型、自抛光型水线 涂料

醇酸船

船壳漆主要用于船室外船f常生产环氧酯船壳货舱舱室面

银舱漆（油基、留酸树脂与铝粉氯化橡胶货油基调合醇酸

ModernShipConstruction液

Paintingaa

a

ModernShipConstructionWorkshopFirstWorkshopfirstcoating,isthefirstpaintingstepmaterialafterrustcleaningduringsteelsurfacepretreatment.Workshopfirstcoatingistopreventcorrosionatfollowingfabrication,assembly,blockanddockbuildingModernShipConstructionWorkshopFirstWorkshopfirstcoatingisatemporarypainting.Itcanberemovedorremainedatblockpaintingstage.Workshopfirstcoatingwillberemainedatweldingandcuttingstages.Workshopfirstcoatingcanberemainedatrightstage,ifitissuitabletomixotherWorkshopfirstcoatingissprayedonautomatictreatmentModernShipConstructionWorkshopFirstCoatingItshouldberecognizedbyshipinspectionIthasquick-dryingperformance,bedriedin5minutesatroomtemperature(23C).Ithasastrong Itsthicknessshouldbe15-25μm,inordertopreventcorrosionforatleastthreemonths.Ithasgoodheat ,inordertopreventcorrosionafterlineheatingandcooling.Ithasgood andIthaslowtoxicity,especiallyinhighIthasgood ,inordertofitshipModernShipConstructionPaintingAnti-rustpaintingmaterialhasrustprotectionandcorrosionprotection2functions.Anti-foulingpaintingmaterialistopreventtheadhesionofmarinefoulingandmarinelives,tokeepshipbottomclean.Itincludestoxicmaterial,exudationaids,binders,pigment,additives,solventetc.ModernShipConstructionPaintingMaterialofSurfacesabovePaintingmaterialofsurfacesabovewaterlineincludeswaterlinepaint,hullpaint,deckpaint,cargopaint,cabininteriorpaintetc.Waterlinepaint:ithasgood ,andbetterdecoration,becauseareanearwaterlinehasseriouscorrosionconditions,andisinalternatingwetanddrystate.Hullpaint:ithasgoodweather ,water andbetterdecoration.Itiswidelyusedinshiphullabovewaterline,superstructure,anddeckoutfittingModernShipConstructionPaintingMaterialofSurfacesaboveDeckpaint:ithasgoodadhesion,water andabrasion Cargopaint:ithasgoodadhesion,highhardnessand ,usuallyusedinsidecargocompartments.Cabininteriorpaint:ithasgoodadhesion,betterdecoration,goodfireproofperformanceandlesssmokeincaseburning.Itisusuallyusedinsideengineroomandlivingcabins.ModernShipConstructionPaintingMaterial havewater includesfreshwater

two,drink,ballast

,cooling

,bottometc.,sumpproduct

includesfuel,cargo

,lubricationofcrude Paintingmaterialofballastwater ,saltspray

:ithas, Itshouldbefinishedinonetimewithhighercoatingthicknessbecauseoftheharshworkingconditions.ModernShipConstructionPaintingMaterialPaintingmaterialofdrinkwater :ithasgoodadhesion, ,rust andnopollutionfactors.Itshouldberecognizedbyhealthauthorities.Paintingmaterialofoil :oil generallydonotneedpainting.Butoil willstillbepaintedbypetroleumresincoating(dryanti-rustoil)atblockpaintingstage,inordertopreventcorrosionduringshipconstructionandreducetheworkloadofcleaning.ModernShipConstructionPurposesofTightnessTocheckleakagephenomenaatweldingseamsofplatesandbulkheadsetc.Toeliminatedefects,inordertoensurevoyageTofindreasonsofdefectsduringwelding,inordertoprovideimprovementsuggestionsatcertainprocesses.Tocheckstrengthofshipstructuresunderstaticloads,iftherearerequirementsforstructuretests.ModernShipConstruction otypestructuresshouldbeexperimentedbetightnesstests:Allliquidcabinsandcabinets,includingthefore,aft andbottomvalveAllothertightnesscabinsandShipconstructionrulesgivecleardefinedforshiptightnessModernShipConstructionTest

TightnessCommonmethods:waterpressuretest,hosetest,airpressuretest,kerosenetestan lmisttestetc.NewMethod:negativepressuretest(blockoutfitting),ultrasoundandX-raynondestructivetestetc.Weshouldcleanupbothsidesofweldingseams,toensurenopaint,cementandotherresidueleftbeforethetest.ModernShipConstructionWater oneofthetightnesstestapprovedbyclassificationsocieties.ItistopullwaterintoonebyoneandcheckleakagephenomenaoutsidetheThewaterpressureshouldsatisfyrequirementsofThewatertemperatureshouldbeabove+5℃.WeshouldwateriftheoutsidetemperatureisbelowWeshouldwait10minafterthewaterpressurereachesthepredeterminedvalue,tostartcheckingleakagephenomena.Weonlycanconsidernoproblemwhenwaterleveldoesnotchangeandnoleakagephenomenaafterlhour.Waterpressure mostusefulforcabinswhichneedstructuretestsonnewdesignedship.ModernShipConstructionHose tohosewateratonesideofweldingseams,checkleakagephenomenaattheotherHosewaterpressureshouldnotbelessthanHosediametershouldnotbelessthanDistanceshouldnotbelargerthanHosetestobjectsarewatertightdoorsandwindows,hatches,sideplates,decks,shafttunnels,bulkheads,openpartsofdeckhouses,roomwallplatesetc. replacedairpressuretestoroilmisttestModernShipConstructionAirPressureAirpressure toblowcompressedairwithcertainpressureintotightnesscabinatonesideofweldingseams,andspreadfoamingagent(soap)ontheotherside,tocheckleakageWecanuseairpressuretestinsteadofwaterpressuretestifthestrengthisOKandthicknessofplatesislargerthan6mm.Weshouldinstall2pressuremeasurersand1safetyvalve.Weonlycanconsidernoproblemwhenairpressureis1.5-5×104Pa,pressuredropislessthan5%,andnobubblephenomenaafterlhour.ModernShipConstructionKerosene tospreadwhitepowderononesideofweldingseams,andspreadkeroseneontheotherside,toseewhetherthereiskerosenestainonwhitepowder.Whitepowdersolutionshouldbecoatedwithwidthof40-50mm,andwaititdry.Weshouldwaitcertaintimetocheckkerosenestain,andtakedoubletimeifthetemperatureisbelow0℃orfordouble-sideModernShipConstructionOilMistOil tousekeroseneandcompressedairtooilmistwithcertainpressurebysprayfacility,thenleakageKeroseneusedinoilmisttightnesstestshouldbefiltratedtoremoveimpurities.Nozzlediameterofsprayfacilityshouldlessthan16mm.Thedistanceshouldbe50-100mm.Thenozzlemovingspeedshouldbe5-10m/min.AirpressureintheconduitshouldnotbelessthanWeshouldcheckleakagephenomenaattheothersideofweldingseamsafter3-5min(temperaturesabove20℃)or10-15min(temperaturesbelow20℃).ModernShipConstructionModernShipConstructionModernShipConstructionTechnologyUnit38Launching,TrialandDeliveryModernShipConstructionLaunchingistomovebuildingshipfrombuildingareatowaterarea.Usuallywecalllaunchingwhenshipfromberthtowater,andcallundockingwhenshipfromdocktoriver.LaunchingAccordingtolaunchingprinciple,therearegravity,floatingandtowinglaunching3types.Accordingtolaunchingdirection,therearetransverseandlongitudinallaunching2types.Accordingtolaunchingprocess,therearegrease,ballandsmallcarslipwaylaunchingModernShipConstructionLaunching下水入水重力纵向涂油滑 横向涂油滑道漂浮垂直造船坞（或修船坞）注水式船坞浮船牵引纵向纵向船道道道架纵横向横向高低轨滑道道斜架垂向升船机ModernShipConstructionLongitudinalGreaseSlipwayModernShipConstructionLongitudinalBallBearingSlipwayModernShipConstructionModernShipConstructionFloatingDockisabetterfacilitytosolvethelargeshipconstructionandlaunching.ItismoresuitablefortheareawithsmalltidalModernShipConstructionTowinglaunchingistotowshipusingtowingmachineryintowater.LongitudinalslipwaytowingVerticalshipliftingModernShipConstructionLongitudinalSlipwayTowingModernShipConstruction2SupportPointsLongitudinalSlipwayTowingModernShipConstructionWedgeLaunchVehicleLongitudinalSlipwayTowingLaunchingModernShipConstructionTransverseMovingChangedSlopeLongitudinalSlipwayTowingLaunchingModernShipConstructionHigh-lowRailsTransverseSlipwayTowingModernShipConstructionHigh-lowLegsTransverseSlipwayTowingModernShipConstructionModernShipConstructionOtherLaunchingBalloonlaunching:uselargerdiameterballoonstoliftship,removeallsupportpiersusedinshipconstruction,putrollingballoonsinsteadofliftingballoons,usethewinchtomoveshiptowardwater.Watercushionlaunching:usewatercushionwoodenpierstosupportship,usehighpressurewatertoliftshipupslightly,thendragtheshipintowater.ModernShipConstructionSelectionofLaunchingWeshouldselectsuitablelaunchingmethodandfacilities,accordingtoshipyardarrangementandprocessflowwhenbuildingnewshipyardorreformshipyards.Weshouldconsiderfollowingfactors:shipyardareaandterrainshorelineandgeologicalwaterwidthandhydrologicalwaterlevelshipyardproductionprogram(thelargestshipdimensioncapacitythetotalshipbuildingModernShipConstructionMechanicsofLongitudinalGreaseSlipwayThelaunchinghasfollowingfourFromstartmovingtofirsttouchwater(shoreFromfirsttouchwatertosternfloating(intoFromsternfloatingtocompleteshipfloating(sternFromcompleteshipfloatingtostopmoving(fullModernShipConstructionShoreModernShipConstructionShoreAnecessaryconditionforshiptomoveDcsin0DccostgGreasestaticfrictioncoefficientwilldeterminetheshipcanmoveiftheslipwayβisModernShipConstructionIntoTheshipstillmovesalongslipwaydirectionatthisThereisbuoyancyforceγVatbuoyancycenterC,becausethesternisalreadyonthewater.TheforcewillincreasewithshipgravityforceDcisatgravitycenterG.SetRisreactionfromsupporting,andlc,lG,lRarerelativedistancesfromRDcVRlRDClGVlCModernShipConstructionSternllRDclGDcBeginningofstern

lRRDcModernShipConstructionUpwardUpwardtiltwillhappenifthegravitymomentislargerthanbuoyancymomentwhengravitycenterGmovedoverslipwayModernShipConstructionSternRDcDClG ofsternDc=γV,floatingintheDc>γV,suddenbowdropModernShipConstructionFullShipwillstillmoveafterfullfloatinguntilstopmoving Themovingdistancesarenormallyabout2to3timesofshipWeshouldconsiderwaterareasizetodeterminewhetherspecialbrakingtoshortenshipglidingModernShipConstructionLaunchingWecancalculaaunchingcurvesaccordingtostaticsmechanics,andknowwhetherupwardtilt,suddenbowdropdownwillhappen.Launchingisadynamicprocess.Wecancalculateaccuratespeed,accelerationandstop positionetc.bydynamicModernShipConstructionLaunchingModernShipConstructionProcessofLongitudinalGreaseSlipwayModernShipConstructionLaunchingWoodenSandboxlaunchingwoodenModernShipConstructionSlipwayisthebasetosupportslip-board,launchingpiersandshipweight,andalsoisshiplaunchingrail.Longitudinalgreaseslipwayhasmainparameters,asslipwayslopeangle,centerlinedistance,waterdepthatslipwayend,slipwaylength,slipwaywidth,andslipwayweightloaddistributionetc.ModernShipConstructionWaterDepthatSlipway waterdepthatslipwayend —thedraftatlastpierwhenfullfloating distancebetweenthebottomandslipwayatlastpier,forbigshiph＝0.5-0.8m,smallshiph=0.3-0.4m. margin,usuallyModernShipConstructionSlip-Slip-boardislaunchingfacilitytosupportshipandlaunchingpiers.Itconsistsof200×200mmor300×300mmpinesquaretimberconnectedeachotherbybolts.Eachslip-boardis6-8mor3-4mlong.ModernShipConstructionLaunchingItshouldhavesufficientbearingstrengthlargerthan(1525)×104ItshouldhavesmallfrictioncoefficientlessthanItshouldhavestrongadhesion,nocrackingandItshouldhavegoodperformancestability,evenintemperature>30℃andlowtemperature<-ItshouldhavenochemicalreactionwithseaItshouldhavesmallsensitivitytoModernShipConstructionLaunchingModernShipConstructionSternLaunchingModernShipConstructionLaunchingSlipModernShipConstructionLaunchingProcessToavoidcannotsliporstopslip :sethydraulicpushingdeviceorinstalltowingropepulleygroup.Toavoidupwardtilt:increaseslopeangle,addweightatboworaddbuoyancyboxesatstern,fulltidelaunching.Toavoidsuddenbowdropdown:addweightatstern,tideModernShipConstructionBrakingshieldplate cableModernShipConstructionBraking loadanchorModernShipConstructionBrakingwireropeModernShipConstructionTrialandThemainpurposeoftrailistocheck,evaluateandadjustinstallationqualityandworkingconditionsofequipmentandsystems,inordertoconfirmwhetherthenewshipanswertherequirementsofdesigntaskbookandrelevantrules,toobtaintherelevant sissuedbyshipclassificationsocieties.Deliveryisaceremonyafterallrepresentativesconfirmallshipperformancecanmeetcontractrequirements.Usually,deliveryisnot ofshipcontract.ShipyardstillbearsresponsibilityforwarrantywithintheprescribedperiodafterModernShipConstructionTrailanddeliveryareusuallyfinishedbyclassificationsociety,ship-ownerandshipyardstogether.Forfirstnewship,designcompanyalsoshouldparticipate.Classificationsociety:tomakerulesregulations,toshipsandto Ship-owner:toapplya fromcertainclassificationsociety,tocheckships,tosendcrewtoattendtrailsandacceptships.Shipyards:tofinishtrail,todeliveryModernShipConstructionTrailhas5followingTrailpreparation:tounsealandcleanmarineequipment,tocheckpipesandsystems,topoweronelectriccircuits,andcommissioningvarietyofinstrumentsandequipment.Piertestincludingtilttest:tocheckshiphull,machineryandequipment.electricalfacilities,enginesandpowerdevices,andidentifytheirquality,toensuretrialconditions.Voyagetrail:tocheckshipperformanceincludingpropulsion,maneuvering,sea-kee andmainenginepower,accordingtoshipbuildingcontractandapprovedtechnicaldesign.Equipmentdismantling:todismantleandcheckequipmentwhichhasproblemsduringprevioussteps,tounderstanddetailInspectionsailingtrial:tocheckdismantledModernShipConstructionPierPiertestsareexecutedatthepierofastationaryGeneratorsetMainenginepierBoilerignitionInspectionandtestofrudderAnchordeviceOtherModernShipConstructionGeneratorSetGeneratorsetistoprovidepowerforthewholeship,maingeneratorsetandemergencygeneratorsettwoDieselgeneratorsetshouldhasinstantaneouschangeofrotationspeed≤10%,speedstabilitydeviation≤5%,settlingtime≤5s,during0%→100%→0%loadchangetest.负载率（对额定机组功率试验时间（min或次数160或120（海船3315或30（海船23450→100（或7ModernShipConstructionMainEnginePierMainenginepier tocheckmanufactureandinstallationqualityofshipmainengine,inordertoprepareforvoyagetrail.MainenginepiertestshouldhavefollowingFueloil,lubricationoil,seawaterandfreshwatersystemshavebeenaccepted.MainengineandaxlesysteminstallationshavebeenGeneratorsethasbeenaccepted,canprovideelectricFueloil,lubricationoilandwatermusthavebeenreadyPierhasenoughwaterModernShipConstructionMainEnginePierMainenginepiertestshouldadjustbalanceofeachenginecylinder,tochangethethermalparameters(compressionpressure,explosionpressure temperature)againandagain,inordertoleteachenginecylinderhavesameMainenginepiertestshoulddoloadstresstest,conditionsof25%,50%,75%,100%operatingMainengineshouldhavenobitecylinder,nodamageonturbocharger,whentheitison100%loadtooperate2-4h.WecanthinkmainengineisOK.ModernSh