大学英语精读第三册7-9

第三册lesson7-lesson9第一组张一笛arouse-buzzarouse]v.(aroused,aroused,arousing)[a-表示加强意思的前缀]1.[T](from)fml.tocausetowake;ROUSE叫醒、唤醒:Wearousedhimfromhisdeepsleep.2.[T]tocausetobecomeactive;excite引起激起:Hisbehaviorarousedthesuspicious︱sexuallyaroused[常用短语]arousefrom唤醒，叫醒；激起，引起，唤起(某人的沉闷、低落的情绪等)：Thelazybonesmustbearousedfromtheirunwillingnesstowork;toarousesomeonefromasoundsleeparousetheenthusiasmof调动积极性Evaluatingteachersinascientificwaycanarousetheenthusiasmofteachers,improvethequalificationofthestaffandraisetheteachingabilities.[典型考题]Thesestartlingevents_______intenseexcitementthroughoutEurope.A.roseB.aroseC.raisedD.aroused[试题分析]本题是形近词辨析题[详细解答]典型考题答案是D。句意：这些惊人的事迹在整个欧洲引起了极大的骚动。arouse意为“激起、兴趣、引起、唤起”，如arouseanxiety引起不安；arousecuriosity引起好奇[词义辨析]risevi.升起，升高；arisevi.出现，发生；raisevt.抬起，举起某物辨析rise,arise,raise,arouse这组词时，应当注意那些是及物动词那些是不及物动词，这是掌握这些词的关键。其中rise和arise是不及物动词，后不能直接接宾语，如：Thesunrisesfromtheeast.太阳从东边升起。Newproblemsarised.新的问题出现了。raise和arose是及物动词，即后可直接接宾语，如raiseeggs下蛋；raiseahand举起手；arousesuspicion引起怀疑。[词形变换]arousal[ə'rauzəl]n.激励,鼓励emotional/sexualarousedasfor1.sometimesderog(usedhenstartingtotalkaboutanewsubject,connectedwithwhatcamebefore)whenwespeakof;concerning【有时贬】（用于连接前面所谈、转入新的话题）至于、就……而论[而言]:Youcanhaveabed;asforhim,he’llhavetosleeponthefloor.[词义辨析]asto均表示“就……而论”“有关”或“至于”。asto的功能类似于withregardto，regarding，onthematterof，concerning等，常用于相当正式的语境中，尤其用于争论和做出决定时。可放于句首或与wh-疑问词引导的动词不定式和名词性从句连用（有时可省略），而asfor无此种用法。例如：Astothejourney，wemustdecideaboutthatlater.asfor和asto都可用于句首，引出一个与前一个话题稍微有些不同的话题，但asfor在语体上不如asto正式，并且着重话题的转换，也就是说，它所引导的是前面尚未提到过的新的事情，因此它不能用于文章的开头。另外，asfor有时表达轻蔑的语气。例如：Wehadadelightfulweekendinthecountry.Asforthetraffic,wehadnodifficulty.association[]n.[soci-表示结合，社交]1.[C+sing./pl.v]anorganizationofpeoplejoinedtogetherforasharedpurpose协会，社团:TheassociationofScienceWorkersis/arehavingits/thereannualconferencenextweek︱Shesetup/formedanassociationtohelpblindpeople2.[U（with）]theactofassociatingorfactofbeingassocaited结合，合伙，合作，关联，联合:Ourlongassociationwithyourcompanyhasbroughtgreatbenefits.︱Thecouncilisworkinginassociationwiththepoliceinthis.3.[C;U]（a）connectionmadeinthemindbetweendifferentthings,ideasetc.联想:theassociationofideas.︱Hospitalhaveratherunpleasantassociationforme.[常用短语]associationwith与……的交往：Ihaveassociationwiththesocialistsofthesociety.inassociationwith与……相联系；与……联合：Onemayalsofeelgreatguiltinassociationwithnatureandnotknowwhy.associationbook(由著译者或名人题字或加注的)手迹珍本，手译本：MusicAssociationbookbeabletohowTaibaodalanallofthecollection?associationfootball英式足球：Boxing,associationfootball,tennisandcricketwereallfirstorganizedandgivenrulesinBritain.[词形变换]associationaladj.联想的；协会的Regardingthis,YeWeilianoncecommented:“ManyChinesepoemsdonotrelyonmetaphororsymbolismbutonassociationalrepresentationofthings.bachelor[]n.1.anunmarriedman未婚男子，单身汉:Heisaconfirmedbachelor(=he’sunlikelytogetmarried)︱aneligiblebachelor(=whoisregardedasverysuitabletobechosenasahusband︱abachelorflat[文化注释]TheSTEREOTYPEofabachelorisamanwhoisabout30yearsold,enjoyhavingfun,anddoesnotwanttheresponsibilityofbeingahusbandandparent.Ifyoudescribesomeoneasbachelor,ratherthanas’single’,youaresuggestingthathemaynevergetmarried,buttheyyoudonotpityhimbecausehecouldgetmarriedifhewantedtobuthasdecidednotto.2.(oftencap.常用大写)aperson,maleorfemale,whohasabachelor’sdegree拥有学士学位的人:abachelorofArts︱abachelorofScience[典型考题]Distrustingwomen,heremaineda_____allhislife.A.suspectB.fianceC.bachelorD.single[试题分析]本题是近义词辨析题，其中B.C.各项是近义词，A是陪衬项。[详细解答]典型考试答案是C。句意：由于不相信女人，他一生都未婚。bachelor指单身汉，未婚男子，名词。fiance名词，未婚夫。single形容词，单身的。suspect，名词，嫌疑人。betray[]v.1.[T(to)]tobedisloyalorunfaithfulto对……不忠，背叛:Tobetrayone’sfriends/one’sprinciples2.tohandovertothepowerofanenemybydisloyalty叛卖，出卖:Theresistancegroupwasbetrayedtothegovernmentbyoneofitsownmembers.3.togiveawayormakeknown(especiallyasecret)泄露[尤指秘密]:Hebetrayedtheplanstoenemyagents.4.tobeasignof(somethingonewouldliketohide);showtherealfeelingsorintentionsof暴露[欲隐藏的事]，表现出……的真实情感[意图]:Hertremblinghandsbetrayedhernervousness(tohim).︱[+wh-]Herexpressionbetrayedhowangryshereallywas.[常用短语]betrayoneself暴露了本来面目；露马脚；原形毕露Thefeatureofyouthistobetrayoneselfatwill,evenifnoalluringstrengthabout.betrayinto投敌；诱惑JudasmadeadealwiththeJewishauthoritiestobetrayJesusintotheircustody[词形变换]betrayern.叛徒,背信者,告密者SomanyoverseasChinese,theireatingandusingandwearingareallfromoverseas?TheyaregoawayformChina?Andbecomeabetrayer?betrayaln.背叛,暴露Theylearntoassociatelovewithabuse,intimacywithviolation,andcarewithbetrayal[典型考题]Theexpressiononhisface____thathewasangry.A.betrayB.turnedoutC.expressedD.announced[试题分析]本题是词义辨析题。[详细解答]典型考试答案是A。句意：他脸上的表情显示他很生气。betray暴露，显露出本来不想表达的东西；turnout结果是，原来是，后多接tobe结构；express多用指语言表达；announce预告，预示，如Awarmsunshineannouncesthecomingofspring.bubble[]withburstingwith充溢；不胜(欢喜)，哄然大笑；勃然大怒：Canhoneybubblewithtea?︱Theplaybubbledwithsongsanddancesbuzz[]n.1.[C]abuzzingsound嗡嗡声2.infmlatelephonecall【fml】一次电话:I’lljustgivehimabuzz3.also又作buzzcutAmEinfmlACREWCUT【美，fml】平头，板刷头[发式]v.1.[I]tomakethecontinuoussoundthatbeesmake;HUM作嗡嗡声:thebuzzingofthebees︱(fig.喻)Thecrowd/roombuzzedwithexcitement.2.[I(for);T]tocall(someone)byusingabuzzer用蜂音器召唤（某人）:Shebuzzedforhersecretary.3.[T]infmltoflylowandfastover【fml】低空过:Planesbuzzedthecrowdasawarning[常用短语]buzzoff【俚】走开，滚开：Buzzoffandstopbotheringme!黄利荣chatty-duechatty[]rmalesp.BrE1.talkingalotinafriendlyway爱说话的；爱闲聊的；健谈的：You’reverychattytoday,Alice.2.havingafriendlyinformalstyle闲聊式的:achattylettercontrary[]adj.1.contrarytosth.differentfromsth;againststh与之相异的；对立的；相反的：Contrarytopopularbelief,manycatsdislikemilk.2.[onlybeforenoun]completelydifferentinnatureordirection（在性质或方向上）截然不同的，完全相反的：Thecontraryviewisthatprisonprovidesanexcellenteducation—incrime.截然不的看法是，监狱在犯罪方面可以提供很好的教育。n.1.(thecontrary)theoppositefact,eventorsituation相反的事实（或事情、情况）：Intheendthecontrarywasprovedtrue:hewasinnocentandshewasguilty.最后证明事实正好相反：他是无辜的，而她则有罪。[常用短语]onthecontrary与此相反，恰好相反：Itmusthavebeenterrible.Onthecontrary,Ienjoyedeveryminute.quitethecontrary恰恰相反，正相反：Idon’tfindhimfunnyatall.quitethecontrary.tothecontrary相反的，相反地：Showmesomeevidencetothecontrary(=provingthatsthistrue).contraryto（介词）与……相反；不顾的gobycontraries[补充意义]adj.(formal,disapproving)(usuallyofchild通常指小孩)behavingbadly;choosingtodoorsaytheoppositeofwhatisexcepted好与人作对的；逆反的；犟的：Shewassuchacontrarychild---itwasimpossibletopleaseher.这个孩子老跟人作对，没法使她高兴。[典型考题]Whatyouwishtodois____theregulations.A.contrarytoB.responsibletoC.attachedtoD.resistantto[试题分析]本题测试考生对以上短语的掌握情况。[详细解答]典型考题答案A.句意：你所希望做的与规章制度相违背。contraryto（介词）（在性质、倾向、方向等上）违反（某事物），与……对抗；responsibleto（向主管或上级）承担责任；attachedto附属于，为……工作；resistantto抵抗的，有抵抗力的；其他三个词组不符合题意。[词形变换]contrarilyadv.相反地；对立的contrarinessnoun不同；相反count[]v.1.[V]tosaynumbersinthecorrectorder(按顺序)数数：Billycan’tcountyet.比利还不会数数。2.[V/VN]tocalculatethetotalnumberofpeople,things,etc.inaparticulargroup计算（或清点）总数Thereare12weekstogo,countingfromtoday.从今天算起还有12个星期。3.[VN]toincludesb/sthwhenyoucalculateatotal把……算入；包括:Wehaveinvited50people,notcountingthechildren.不算小孩，我们邀请到了50人。4．[V](notusedintheprogressivetenses不用于进行时)tobeimportant重要：Everypointinthisgamecounts.这一场比赛每一分都很重要。5.[V/VN]tobeofficiallyaccepted;toacceptsthofficially（被）正式接纳，正式认可：Applicationsreceivedafter1Julywillnotbecounted.7月1日以后收到的申请书将不予受理。6.[V/VN]toconsidersb/sthinaparticularway;tobeconsideredinaparticularway认为；看作；算作；被视为：Icounthimamongmyclosestfriends.我把他看作我一个最亲密的朋友。n.1.[usuallysing.]anactofcountingtofindthetotalnumberofsth;thetotalnumberthatyoufind数出总数；总数：Thebusdriverdidaquickcountoftheemptyseats.公共汽车司机很快地数了数空位。2.[usuallysing.]anactofsayingnumbersinorderbeginningwith1（按顺序的）数数，点数：Raiseyourlegandholdforacountoften.抬起一条腿，保持这个姿势，直至数到十。3.[usuallysing.](technical术语)ameasurementoftheamountofsthcontainedinaparticularsubstanceorarea（某物质在某物或面积中）量的计数：araisedwhitebloodcellcount增高的白血球计数4.(law律)acrimethatsbisaccusedofcommitting（被指控的）罪状，事项：Theywerefoundguiltyonallcounts.他们被判各项罪名成立。5.[usuallypl.]apointmadeduringadiscussionoranargument（讨论或争论的）论点，观点，问题，事项：Idisagreewithyouonbothcounts.我对你的两个观点均不敢苟同。[常用短语]keepcountof计数losecountof算不清确切数目takecountof考虑到，重视countagainst对……不利countfor有……价值，有重要性counton指望，依靠countup把……相加countone’schickensbeforetheyarehatched过早乐观curiosity[]noun1.[U,sing.]astrongdesiretoknowaboutsth好奇心；求知欲：Hisanswerdidnotsatisfymycuriosityatall.他的答复丝毫没有满足我的好奇心。2.[C]anunusualandinterestingthing罕见而有趣之物；奇物；珍品：Themuseumisfullofhistoricalcuriosities.这座博物馆有许多珍奇历史文物。[典型考题]Thestoryhasarousedtheboy’s____aboutdistantland.A.curiosityB.cruiseC.curriculumD.courtesy[试题分析]本题测试考生的词汇量。[详细解答]典型考题答案A.句意：这故事引起了男孩对那个遥远过度的好奇心。Curiosity意思为“兴趣，求知欲”，通常为不可数名词，其前的不定冠词a可有可无，后接不定式或介词about；cruise乘船游览，航行curriculum（学校等的）全部课程；courtesy礼貌，谦恭，客气话。detachment[]noun1.[U]thestateofnotbeinginvolvedinsthinanemotionalorpersonalway超然；超脱；冷漠：Heansweredmewithanairofdetachment.他回答时带着冷漠的神态。2.[U](approving)thestateofnotbeinginfluencedbyotherpeopleorbyyourownfeelings公正；客观；独立：Injudgingtheseissuesadegreeofcriticaldetachmentisrequired.在裁决这些争议时须要有一定程度的评判公正性。3.[C]agroupofsoldiers,ships,etc.sentawayfromalargegroup,especiallytodospecialduties分遣队；支队；特遣小分队：adetachmentofartillery炮兵支队4.[U]theactofdetachingsth;theprocessofbeingdetachedfromsth拆卸；分离；分遣：tosufferdetachmentoftheretina视网膜脱落disclosure[]noun1.[U]theactofmakingsthknownorpublicthatwaspreviouslysecretorprivate揭露；透露；公开：thenewspaper’sdisclosureofdefencesecrets报纸对防务内幕的披露2.[C]informationorafactthatismadeknownorpublicthatwaspreviouslysecretorprivate透露的秘密；公开的事情；暴露的事实：startlingdisclosuresabouthisprivatelife对他私人生活耸人听闻的披露。distraction[]noun1.[C,U]athingthattakesyourattentionawayfromwhatyouaredoingorthinkingabout分散注意力的事；使人分心的事：Ifindithardtoworkathomebecausetherearetoomanydistractions.我发觉在家里工作很难，因为使人分心的事太多。2.[C]anactivitythatamusesorentertainsyou娱乐；消遣：Thechildrenaredrivingmetodistractiontoday.今天孩子们闹得我心烦意乱[词形变换]distractv.转移，分散，使分心distractingadj.令人分心的，使人分心的distractedadj.注意力分散的，思想不集中的，心烦意乱的distractedlyadv.注意力分散地，思想不集中地，心烦意乱地due[]adj1.causedby(notbeforenoun/)~tosth/sbcausedbysb/sth;becauseofsb/sth由于；因为：Theteam’ssuccesswaslargelyduetoherefforts.2.expected(notbeforenoun)~todosth|~forstharrangedorexpected预期;预定；预计：Theband’sfirstalbumisdueforreleaselaterthismonth.3.owed1）（notusuallybeforenoun）whenasumofmoneyisdue,itmustbepaidimmediately到期：Paymentisdueon1October.2）（notbeforenoun）~tosbowedtosbasadebt,becauseitistheirrightorbecausetheyhavedonesthdeserveit应支付，应给与，应归于：Havetheybeenpaidthemoneythatisduetothem?3）（notbeforenoun）~(for)sthowedsth;deservingsth应有；应得到:She’sdueforpromotionsoon.4.suitable/right(onlybeforenoun)(formal)thatissuitableorrightinthecircumstances适当的；恰当的；合适的：Afterdueconsideration,wehavedecidedtoappointMr.Jimmytothejob.n.1.(your/sb’s~)[U]athingthatshouldbegiventosbbyright应有的权利；应得到的东西：Hereceivedalargereward,whichwasnomorethanhisdue(=thanwhathedeserved).2.dues[pl.]charges,forexampletobeamemberofaclub应缴款（如俱乐部费用）:Topaidyourdues.adv.1.~north/south/east/westexactly;inastraightline正向；正对着：Thevillageliesfivemilesduenorthofwork.[常用短语]bedueto预期的；应付的；应给予的dueto由于；归因于induecourseattherighttimeandnotbefore在适当时候；到一定时候：Yourrequestwillbedealtwithinduecourse.with(all)duerespectusedwhenyouaregoingtodisagree,usuallyquitestrongly,withsb(极不赞成的说)恕我冒昧，恕我直言：Withallduerespect,thefiguressimplydonotsupportyouonthis.[典型考题]Anymoneythatis_______toyouwillbepaidbeforetheendofthemonth.A．preparedB.dullC.dueD.payable[试题分析]本题测试考生对近义词的区分[试题详解]典型考题答案C。A答案prepared介词姐to时，表愿意做某事；B答案dull做形容词解释意为无聊的，令人生厌的；枯燥无味的；做动词解释意为减轻，使变麻木；D答案payable做形容词解释为应付的，到期的，可获利的；due在本句中的意思为“欠下的”，后接介词to.赵璐embankment-gatherembankment[]n.1.awallofstoneorearthmadetokeepwaterbackortocarryaroadorrailway/railroadoverlowland堤；堤岸；堤围；（铁路和公路）路堤：Combinedwiththepractice,thepaperanalyzedthecauseofhighwayhighfillembankmentandcutsettlement,andproposedcountermeasures.2.aslopmadeofearthorstonethatrisesupfromeithersideofaroadorrailway/railroad(公路和铁路两侧的)护坡[补充意义]embankment,thealso又作theThamesEmbankmentaroadalongthenorthbankoftheRiverThamesinLondon伦敦泰晤士河evidently[]adv.1.clearly;thatcanbeseenorunderstoodeasily明显地；显然地：Shewalkedslowlydowntheroad,evidentlyinpain.2.accordingtowhatpeoplesay据说：Heevidentlyhatedmathatschool,soit’samazinghebecameanaccountant.exception[]n.1.apersonorathingthatisnotincludedinageneralstatement不包括在内的人或物；例外：Mostofthebuildingsinthetownaremodern,butthechurchisanexception.2.athingthatdosenotfollowarule规则的例外；例外的事物：Goodwritingisunfortunatelytheexceptionratherthantherule.[常用短语]Theexceptionthatprovestherulepeoplesaysthistheexceptionthatprovestherulewhentheyarestatingsththatseemstobedifferentfromthenormalsituation,buttheymeanthatthenormalsituationremainstrueisgeneral反证规律的例外；足以证明普遍性的例外Mostelectronicscompanieshavenotdonewellthisyear,butoursistheexceptionthatprovestherule.makeanexceptiontoallowsbnottofollowtheusualruleontheoccasion允许有例外；让——成为例外Childrenarenotusuallyallowedin,butI’mpreparedtomakeanexceptioninthiscase.takeexceptiontosthtoobjectstronglytosth;tobeangryaboutsth(强烈地)反对；对……的气Itakegreatexceptiontothefactthatyoutoldmywifebeforeyoutoldme.withtheexceptionofexcept;notincluding除……之外；不包括……在内AllhisnovelsaresetinItalywiththeexceptionofhislast.withoutexceptionusedtoemphasizethatthestatementyouaremakingisalwaystrueandeveryoneoreverythingisincluded一律；无一例外AllstudentswithoutexceptionmusttaketheEnglishexamination.flinch[]v.(flinched,flinching,flinches)1.[V]~(atsb)|~(away)tomakeasuddenmovementwithyourfaceorbodyasaresultofpain,fear,surprise,etc.(突然)退缩；畏缩：Sheflinchedatthesightoftheblood.Sheflinchedawayfromthedog.[常用短语]flinchfromsth|flinchfromdoingsth(oftenusedinnegativesentences常用于否定句)toavoidthinkingaboutordoingsthunpleasant不想，不做（不愉快的事）；畏缩不前Heneverflinchedfromfacinguptotrouble.[词形变化]adv.flinchinglyn.flinchergather[]e/bringtogether1）tocometogether,orbringpeopletogether,inoneplacetofromagroup聚集；集合；召集：[V]Acrowdsoongathered很快就聚集起了一群人.Canyouallgatheraround.[VN]Thekidsweregatheredtogetherinoneroom.2）[VN]~sth(together/up)tobringthingstobringthingstogetherthathavebeenspreadaround收拢；归拢（分散的东西）：Peopleslowlygatheredtheirbelongingsandleftthehall.2.collect1）[VN]tocollectinformationfromdifferentsources搜集；收集（情报）：Detectiveshavespentmonthsgatheringevidence.2）[VN]tocollectplants,fruit,etc.fromawidearea采集（植物，水果等）：Togatherwildflowers.3.crops/harvest~sth(in)topickorcutandcollecttobestored收割；收获：ItwaslateAugustandtheharvesthadbeensafetygatheredin.4.believe/understand(notusedintheprogressivetenses不用于进行时)tobelieveorunderstandthatsthistruebecauseofinformationorevidenceyouhave认为；推断；理解：[V(that)]Igatherfromyourletterthatyouarenotenjoyingyourwork.[VN]‘There’sbeenadelay.’‘Igatheredthat.’[V]Youareaself-employed,Igathered5.increase[VN]toincreaseinspeed,force,etc.增加（速度、力量等）：Thousandsofthesemachinesaregatheringdust(=notbeingused)instockrooms.6.ofclouds/darkness[VN]tograduallyincreaseinnumberoramount逐渐增加；积聚：Thestormcloudsweregathering.7.clothing[VN]~stharoundyou/sth|~sthuptopullapieceofclothingtightertoyourbody收紧；拢起（衣服）：Hegatheredhiscloakaroundhim.8.holdsb[VN+adv./prep.](writer)topullsbtowardsyouandputyourarmsaroundthem拉近；拥抱：Shegatheredthechildinherarmsandheldhimclose.9.prepareyourself[VN]toprepareyourselftodosththatrequireseffort攒（动）；使做好准备：Isatdownforamomenttogathermystrength.[词形变化]adj.gatherable可收集的；可积聚的；n.gatherer收集者gathering集会；积聚[常用短语]gatherin收获（庄稼）gathertogether收拾好gatherup收拾起来抱起来[典型考题]Hetravelsabouttheworld_______factsaboutlittleknowndiseases.A.gatheringB.collectingC.accumulatingD.amassing[试题分析]本题是同义词辨析。[试题详解]典型考题答案A。这组选项中都有“收集，采集”之意，但用法上有些差异。gather指把一些乱放或难以明确分开的东西收拾到一起。collect和gather一样，但表示所收集的东西是分散的，或者能一次处理的一件的。accumulate(积累)某些东西，表示要经过一段时间的收集，使之越来越多。Amass比较正式，而且尤用于金钱，货物或权利的逐渐积攒，且数目相当大。这句话句意：他走遍世界，收集鲜为人知的疾病资料。郭文兰hairbrush-infringementhairbrushn.1.abrushformakingthehairtidyorsmooth发梳；毛刷henceadv.(formal)1.forthisreason因此，由此：Wesuspecttheyaretryingtohidesomething,hencetheneedforanindependentinquire.我们怀疑他们隐瞒什么，因此有必要进行独立调查。insofaras1.至于；对于；关于：Ifabookgivespleasure,then,insofarasthereaderisconcerned,itisapraise-worthybook.2.（程度等）就…；在…范围内；到…程度：Insofarasyouareastudent,youarefreetousethelibrary.3.在…的限度内，在…的范围内：IcanhelpyouinsofarasIcan.[相关短语]insofaraspossible尽可能Therealeffortistostaythere,rather,insofarasthatispossible,andtoexaminecloselytheoddvegetationofthosedistantregions.exceptinsofaras除去Theentirecycleofoperationsdispenseswithhumancontrolexceptinsofarasmonitorsareconcerned.insofaras…goes就……所及的范围Insofarasitgoes,thelatestrescuepackageseemswelljudged,althoughthedevilwillbeinthedetail.insofaras1.在……的情况下2.只要……saveinsofaras除在……的范围外insofaronlyas只以……为限insofarasitisintermsof在其按照……的范围内asfarastheeyecan/couldseetothehorizon极目所及：Theeventof1.如果……发生，万一：Intheeventofemergencywemaymakeoff.2.万一，倘若:Intheeventoffire,breaktheglassandpushthesmallredbutton.3.遇到……时候：AppointinganActingPresidentintheeventoftheFAIPresident'sdeathinthateventifthathappens如果是那样的话；如果那种事情发生：Inthatevent,wewillhavetoreconsiderouroffer.inanyevent/atalleventsusedtoemphasizeorshowsthistrueorwillhappeninspiteofothercircumstances不管怎样；无论如何：Ithinkshewillagreetodoitbutinanyevent,allshecansayis‘no’.intheeventwhenthesituationactuallyhappened结果；到头来：Igotverynervousabouttheexam,butintheevent,Ineedn’thaveworried;itwasreallyeasy.donotusethisliftonlineasameansofescaped-in-theeventoffire遇火警时，严禁使用此电梯。intheeventofblunders在医疗事故里intheeventofdelayindelivery若迟交Intheeventofcustomercomplaints如果顾客提出投诉intheeventofanaccident万一发生事故infallibly[]adv.绝对无误地[词形变换]infallibleadj.1.neverwrong;nevermakemistakes永无过失的；一贯正确的infallibleadvice无可指责的忠告2.thatneverfailsalwaysdoingwhatitissupposedtodo绝对可靠；万无一失infallibilityn.hisbeliefintheinfallibilityofdreamsasaguidetothefuture.infringement[]n.违反(侵犯)[U.C]copyrightinfringement对版权的侵犯︱aninfringementofliberty/rights对自由权利的/侵犯[词形变换]infringev.破坏,犯,违反1.(ofanaction,aplan,etc.行动，计划等)tobreakalaworrule违背，触犯（法规）:Thematerialcanbecopiedwithoutinfringingcopyright2.~(on/upon)sth.tolimitsb’slegalright侵犯，侵害（合法权益）:[VN]Theysaidthatcompulsoryidentitycardswouldinfringecivilliberties.︱[V]Sherefusedtoanswerquestionsthatinfringedonherprivateaffairs.第二组李丽languid-occurrencelanguid[l]adj.1.movingslowlyandmakingverylittleeffort;不活波的,无精打采的:Speakwithalanguiddrawl.2.unwillingtostirorexertoneself;慵懒的，懒洋洋的[常用词组]languidmovement懒洋洋的动作[词形变换]languidlyadv.inalanguidandlethargicmanner;疲倦地，无力地，懒洋洋地:Themenlanguidlyputontheirjacketsleather[]n.(leathers)v.(leathered,leathering.)adj.1.[n.]animalskinthathasbeenthreatedtopreserveitandisusedformakingshoes,bags.[经过处理的动物的]皮，皮革:Abookboundinleather:2.[n.做复数]specialleatherclotheswornforprotectionbysomeoneridingamotorcycle;3.[adj.]madeofleather皮制的：aleatherjacket[常用短语]run/gohellforleather[informal]拼命跑，狂奔artificialleather人制皮革Patentleather漆皮Syntheticleather合成革mild[]Adj.1,weather;天气nottoocoldorwet.Sometimespleasantwarm:Wehadanexceptionallymildwinterlastyear.2.illness疾病amildillnessorhealthproblemisnotserious不严重的，轻微的:It’snothing—justamildthreatinfection.:3.food/taste食物/味道notverystrongorhottasting.不浓烈的，淡的:Amildcurry.:4.punishment/criticism惩罚，批评notsevereorstrict不严厉的，婉转的:Amildrebuke:5.smalleffect小影响notseriousenoughtocausemuchsuffering不厉害的，弱的:6.character/manner性格举止havingagentlecharacterandnoteasilygettingangry温和的，温厚的:Joewasaverymildmanwhorarelyraisedhisvoice[常用词组]asmildasadove/May/milk非常温和的drawitmild说地适度不夸张[补充意义]1.soapetcsofttoyourskin肥皂等柔性的:Amildwashing-upliquid.2.[u.n.]darkbeerwithamildtaste.[英]淡味道黑啤酒。nettle[][n.][Vt.Nettles,nettled,nettling]1.[n.]荨麻anyofnumerousplantshavingstinginghairsthatcauseskinirritationoncontact2.[Vt.]makesb.angryorannoy使某人发怒:Myremarksclearlynettledher.[补充意义]nettlerash；荨麻疹aconditionthatcauseareasofredspotsonyourskin.graspthenettle;坚定果断dealwithadifficultmatterfirmlyandboldly.occupant[][C.N.]1.someonewholivesinthehouse/roomthoughwithoutowningit居住者，住户:furnitureleftbythepreciousoccupants.2.someonewhoisinaroom/vehicle[房间、汽车等某一时期的]占有人、使用者:Neitherofthecar’stwooccupantwasinjured.易混词辨析occupation:theprincipalactivityinyourlifethatyoudotoearnmoney1.工作，职业2.thecontrolofacountrybymilitaryforcesofaforeignpower占领，占用，居住.occurrence[][C.N.]1.sth.thathappens发生的事、事件Floodingunderthisbridgeisaoccurrence.2.[U.N.]thefactofsth.Happening.事件的发生、出现：Thefrequentoccurrenceofviolentstormsinthearea[近义词辨析]accident“事故”之意外发生的灾难Event“事件”，之重要的或不寻常的事incidence“事件，暴力事件，骚动”Disaster“自然灾害，灾难“Coincidence“巧合“陈蓓pitch-rawpitch[]v1.[T]tothrowsth/sb.Inthespecifieddirectionwithalotofforce,oftenaimingcarefully.(仔细瞄准后力)投，掷，抛Franscreweduptheletterandpitcheditintothefire.2.[Ialways+adv/prep,Talways+adv/prep]Tofallsuddenlyandheavilyinaparticulardirection,ortosomeoneorsomethingfallinthisway(使)突然重重,跌倒:Jimpitchedforwardasthetrainjerkedtoahalt.3.[Talways+adv/prep]a)ifyoupitchanexamination,explanation,speechetcataparticularlevelofdifficulty,youmakesurethatitcanbeunderstoodbypeopleatthatlevel给（考试，解释，演说等）定难度:Shepitchedherspeechtotheeenagersintheaudience.b)tosetpricesataparticularlevel为……定价格:Pricesforthemewhatchbacksarepitchedverycompetitively.4.[Talways+adv/prep]ifyoupitchyourvoiceoranothersoundataparticularlevel,thesoundisproducedatthatlevel为……定高音，为……定调:Thissongispitchedtoohighformyvoice.5.[T]toerectandfixinplace(atentorcamp)esp.forashorttime.扎营:Wepitchourtentsbesidesthestream.[补充意义]：n1.[C]aspeciallymarkedoutareaofgroundonwhichasportisplayed比赛场2.[U]ablackstickysubstancethatisusedonroofs,thebottomsofshipsetc.tostopwatercomingthrough沥青Phrases:asblackaspitch漆黑的pitch-black乌黑的pitch-dark黑暗无光的wecouldn’tseeourwayinthepitch-dark3.a)thehighnessorlownessofamusicalnote音调，音高b)theabilityofamusiciantoplayorsingnoteatexactlythecorrectpitch乐感4.[C]athrowoftheball,orawayinwhichitcanbethrown投球方式[常用短语]：pitchsthover/into/through扔过/扔进/Peoplejustpitchtheirrubbishoverthewallpitchforward/backward向前/后跌倒Jimpitchedforwardasthetrainjerkedtoahalt.pitchsthhigh/low给……定高/低音pitchcamp/atent扎帐篷pitchfor为……极力推销pitchsbaline/yarn(informal)编造令人难以相信的借口Shepitchedmesomeyarnaboutabombscareonthemetro.pitchininformal拼命地干起来Ifweallpitchin,we’llhaveitfinishedinnotime.pitchinto口语（武力或口头）攻击某人pitchup（口语）到达，出现GuesswhojustpitcheduponSaturdaynight.[词形变换]pitchedadj(屋顶)倾斜的，有坡度的pitchern大水壶[词义辨析]throw,cast,fling,heave,hurl,pitch,toss这些动词均有“抛、投、掷”之意。throw:通用词，使用广泛，仅指用力抛掷，不涉及动作方式或感情色彩。cast:常可与throw互换，指迅速扔出一个重量较轻的物体。fling:指用力投掷，或因感情激动而粗暴地或漫无目的地扔东西。heave:指把重物举起后扔出。hurl:通常指用力投掷，动作迅猛，所投掷的距离也较远。pitch:指随意地、轻轻地掷或扔，侧重方向性和有明确的目标。toss:指无什么目的地、轻地、随意地掷或扔，所扔掷的东西一般都比较轻。postage[][post-+n/v/adj]post-prefixlaterthan在…..之后n[U]Themoneychargedforcarryingaletter,parceletcbypost邮资，邮费1)Pleaseenclose$10,including$1forpostage.2)HowmuchisthepostageforanairmailletterCanada.postageandpacking包装加邮费Yoursforonly$20pluspostageandpacking![词形变换]postal邮政工人poster海报practicaljoken[C]atrickthatisintendedtogivesomeoneasurpriseorshockandmakeotherpeoplelaugh恶作剧Thechildrenputsaltinthesugarbowlasapracticaljoke.[词形变换]：practicaljoker玩恶作剧的人prayer[]n1.[C]wordsthatyousaywhenprayingtoGod,especiallyafixedformofwords祈祷文Weallhadtosayourprayersbeforehavingmeals.2.[U]theactingofprayingortheregularhabitofpraying祈祷（的习惯inprayer在祷告Letuskneelinprayer.3.[C]awishorhopethatsomethingwillhappen愿望，希望Nadia’soneprayeristhatthechildrenwon’tsuffer.4.prayers[plural]aregularreligiousmeetinginachurch,schooletc.atwhichpeoplepraytogether.(教堂，学校的)祷告会:Prayersareat9o’clock..[常用短语]nothaveaprayer:informaltohavenochanceofsuccess.没有成功的机会:Ihadn’tdoneanyworkfortheexam,andIknewIdidn’thaveaprayer.Sb’sprayersareanswered:informalusedtosaythatsomeonehasgotsomethingthattheywantedverymuch.某人的祷告应验了:IthoughtallmyprayerswereansweredwhenIgotmyjob.[词形变换]1.prayv[I,T]祈祷，祷告prayforsth为某事祈祷praytosb向某人祈2.prayerbook祈祷书.prayermat[穆斯林祈祷时用的]跪垫4.prayerwheel[西藏用的上面刻有祈祷文的]转经筒，祈祷轮prosperous[]adjSuccessfulandrich成功的，兴旺发达的，繁荣的I’msureyoucanbuildaprosperouscompanyinchina.[短语]ComparativelyProsperous小康[词形变换]p